Zusammenfassung
Heute werden erworbene Klappenschäden und kongenitale Vitien meist schon vor dem gebärfähigen Alter erkannt und behandelt. Herzkrankheiten spielen somit bei Schwangerschaften eine geringere Rolle als früher. Der rheumatische Klappenschaden, insbesondere die Mitralstenose, macht 90% der bei Schwangeren diagnostizierten Herzfehler aus. Die meisten Klappenfehler sind jedoch leichterer Natur, da schwere Klappenfehler in der Regel bereits vor Eintritt der Schwangerschaft operiert wurden. Auch ist das akute rheumatische Fieber, der Vorläufer eines rheumatischen Herzklappenfehlers, heute viel seltener als vor 20-30 Jahren, teils wegen der jetzt üblichen Antibiotikaprophylaxe, teils wegen der effektiven antibiotischen Therapie manifester Streptokokkeninfekte. Die Häufigkeit rheumatischer Klappenfehler in Entwicklungsländern ist nur schwer festzustellen. In jedem Falle werden in diesen Ländern kaum herzchirurgische Eingriffe vorgenommen, so daß hier immer noch Schwangere mit schweren Mitralstenosen betreut werden müssen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Arias F, Mancilla-Jimenez R: Hepatic fibrinogen in preeclampsia: Im- munofluorescent evidence. N Engl J Med 1976; 295: 578.
Barnes AC, Kumar D: Significance of cardiovascular alterations in preeclampsia-eclampsia: A review. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1964; 33: 841.
Bay WH, Ferris TR: Factors controlling plasma renin and aldosterone during pregnancy. Hypertension 1979; 1: 410.
Benson RC. Handbook of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 7th ed. Lange, 1980.
Birkeland SA, Kristofferson K: Pre-eclampsia: A state of mother-fetus immune imbalance. Lancet 1979; 2: 720.
Bodzent A, Thomson JM, Poller L: Prostacyclin activity in amniotic fluid in pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1980; 2: 650.
Bullock JL, Harris RE, Young R: Treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy with propranolol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 121: 242.
Burch GE: Heart disease and pregnancy. Am Heart J 1977; 93:104.
Burwell CS: Circulatory adjustments to pregnancy. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1954; 95:115.
Burwell CS: The management of heart disease in pregnant women. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1954; 95:130.
Carey HM: Toxaemias of pregnancy. Chap 9, pp 239–271, in: Practical Obstetric Problems, 4th ed. Donald I (editor). Lippincott, 1969.
Chesley LC: Plasma and red cell volumes during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 112: 440.
Chesley LC: The remote prognostic significance of the level of blood pressure in pregnancy. Clin Exp Hypertension 1980; 2: 777.
Chesley LC, AnnittE, CosgrovA: The remote prognosis of eclamptic women: Sixth periodic report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976; 124:446.
Cutforth R, Mac Donald CB: Heart sounds and murmurs during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1966; 71: 741.
Daniel DG, Campbell H, Turnbul C: Puerperal thromboembolism and suppression of lactation. Lancet 1967; 2: 287.
Dunlop W & others: Clinical relevance of coagulation and renal changes in pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1978; 2: 346.
Ehrlich N, Nolten WE, Lindheimer MD: Mineralocorticoids and the regulation of sodium metabolism in normal and hypertensive pregnancy: A review. Clin Exp Hypertension 1980; 2: 803.
Epstein FH: Late vascular effects of toxemia of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1964; 271: 8.
Ferris TF: Toxemia of pregnancy: A model of human hypertension. Cardiovasc Med 1977; 2: 877.
Fillmore SJ, Parry EHO: The evolution of peripartal heart failure in Za- ria, Nigeria: Some etiologic factors. Circulation 1977; 56:1058.
Finnerty FA Jr: Hypertension and pregnancy. J Cardiovasc Med 1980; 5: 559.
Finnerty FA Jr, BuckholH, Tuchman J: Evaluation of chlorothiazide in the toxaemias of pregnancy. JAMA 1958; 166:141.
Fisher KA, Spargo H, Lindheimer MD: A biopsy study of hypertension in pregnancy. (Abstract.) Clin Res 1978; 26: 362A.
Friedman EA, Neff RK: Hypertension-hypotension in pregnancy: Correlation with fetal outcome. JAMA 1978; 239: 2249.
Gallery EDM & others: Predicting the development of pregnancy-associated hypertension: The place of standardized blood-pressure measurement. Lancet 1977; 1:1273.
Gallery EDM & others: Randomised comparison of methyldopa and oxprenolol for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Br Med J 1979; 1:1591.
Gant NF Jr, Worley RJ: Hypertension in Pregnancy: Concepts and Management. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980.
Gilchrist AR: Cardiological problems in younger women, including those of pregnancy and the puerperium. Br Med J 1963; 1: 209.
Gordon H: Toxaemia of pregnancy. Chap 8, pp 274–296, in: Obstetric Therapeutics. Hawkins DF (editor). Bailliere Tindall, 1974.
Gray MJ: Use and abuse of thiazides in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1968; 11: 568.
Greiss FC, Rich JR: The uterine vascular bed: Adrenergic receptors. Obstet Gynecol 1964; 23: 209.
Hall JG, Pauli RM, Wilson KM: Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy. Am J Med 1980; 68: 122.
Handin RI: Thromboembolic complications of pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1974; 16: 395.
Hytten FE, Leitch I: The Physiology of Human Pregnancy, 2nd ed. Blackwell, 1971.
Ibarra-Perez C & others: The course of pregnancy in patients with arti- fical heart valves. Am J Med 1976; 61: 504.
Kotchen TA & others: Plasma renin activity, reactivity, concentration and substrate following hypertension during pregnancy: Effect of oral contraceptive agents. Hypertension 1959; 1: 355.
Kumar D: Chronic placental ischemia in relation to toxemias of pregnancy: Preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1962; 84: 1323.
Ladner E & others: Dynamics of uterine circulation in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. Am J Physiol 1970; 218: 257.
Lamming GD, Pipkin FB, Symonds EM: Comparison of the alpha and beta blocking drug, labetalol, and methyl dopa in the treatment of moderate and severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertension 1980; 2: 865.
Lindheimer MD, Katz AI, Zuspan FP (editors): Hypertension in Pregnancy. Wiley, 1976.
Llewellyn-Jones D: The „toxaemias” of pregnancy. Essential hypertension in pregnancy. Chapters 25 and 26 in: Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Vol 1. Llewellyn-Jones D (editor). Faber & Faber, 1969.
MacGillivray I: Hypertension in pregnancy. Chap 8, pp 235–256, in: Modern Trends in Obstetrics-4. Kellar RJ (editor). Butterworth, 1969.
MacGillivray I, Campbell DM: The relevance of hypertension and oedema in pregnancy. Clin Exp Hypertension 1980; 2: 897.
Mahon WA, Reid DWJ, Day RA: The in vivo effects of betaadrenergic stimulation and blockade on the human uterus at term. J Pharmacol Exher 1967; 156:178.
Mendelson CL: The management of delivery in pregnancy complicated by serious rheumatic heart disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1944; 48: 329.
Metcalfe, J, Uelan: Maternal cardiovascular adjustments to pregnancy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1974; 16: 363.
Oakley GDG & others: Management of pregnancy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Med J 1979; 1:1749.
Page EW: The Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Thomas, 1953.
Page EW: The relation between the hydatid moles, relative ischemia of the gravid uterus, and the placental origin of eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1939; 37: 291.
Petrucco OM & others: Immunofluorescent studies in renal biopsies in pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1974; 1: 473.
Pettifor JM, Benson R: Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy. J Pediatr 1975; 86: 459.
Pitts JA, Crosby WM, BastL: Eisenmenger’s syndrome in pregnancy: Does heparin prophylaxis improve the maternal mortality rate? Am Heart J 1977;93: 321.
Pollak VE, Nettles JB: The kidney in toxemia of pregnancy: A clinical and pathologic study based on renal biopsies. Medicine 1960; 39: 469.
Romney B: Hypertension in pregnancy. Cardiovasc Rev Rep 1980; 1: 632.
Scott JS, Jenkins DM, Need JA: Immunology of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1978; 1:704.
Selzer A: Management of pregnant patients with valvular heart disease. Primary Cardiol (Feb) 1981; 7:127.
Shnider SM & others: Vasopressors in obstetrics. 2.Fetal hazards of methoxamine administration during obstetric spinal anesthesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 106: 680.
Sims EA: Pre-eclampsia and related complications of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 107:154.
Szekely P, Snaith L: Heart Disease and Pregnancy. Churchill Livingstone, 1974.
Willson JR, Beecham CT, Carrington ER: Diseases of the circulatory system and blood during pregnancy. Toxemias of pregnancy. Chapters 20 and 26 in: Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4th ed. Willson JR, Beecham CT, Carrington ER. Mosby, 1971.
Wilson M & others: Blood pressure, the renin-aldosterone system and sex steroids throughout normal pregnancy. Am J Med 1980; 68: 97.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sokolow, M., Mcllroy, M.B. (1985). Herzkrankheiten und Schwangerschaft. In: Kardiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69607-7_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69607-7_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69608-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69607-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive