Abstract
Actions of substances on biological systems are termed pharmacodynamic when they are considered to counteract a particular disease of the underlying pathological disorder. It follows that throughout the ages the pharmacodynamic principles of action have been directly dependent on the prevailing concepts of pathology and developed in close conjunction with advances in this field. The clinical pharmacological testing of preparations on patients on the basis of these considerations frequently failed to result in any clinical efficacy, not least because the pathological concept of the disease in question proved to be incorrect. The mutual interdependence of pharmacodynamic principles of action and fundamental pathophysiological concepts of the causes and nature of specific disturbances has been manifest in coronary disease with greater clarity than in any other disease.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aiken JW, Shebuski RJ, Miller OV, Gorman RR (1981) Endogenous prostacyclin contributes to the efficacy of a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor for preventing coronary artery thrombosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 219: 299–308
Allan G, Eakins KE, Kulkarni PS, Levi R (1980) Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in human platelets by burimamide. Br J Pharmacol 71: 157–164
Angus JA, Richmond DR, Dhumma–Upakorn P, Cobbin LB, Goodman AH (1976) Cardiovascular action of verapamil in the dog with particular reference to myocardial contractility and atrioventricular conduction. Cardiovasc Res 10: 623–632
Armstrong PW, Chiong MA, Parker JO (1977) Effects of propranolol on the hemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial metabolic response to atrial pacing. Am J Cardiol 40: 83–89
Baenzinger NL, Dillender MJ, Majerus PW (1977) Cultured human skin fibroblasts and arterial cells produce a labile platelet–inhibitory prostaglandin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 78: 294–301
Barcia F, Borer JS, Capurro N, Kent KM (1976) Propranolol–mediated increase in collateral flow during acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 54 [Suppl 2]: 159
Basista M, Dobranowski J, Gryglewsky RJ (1978) Prostacyclin and thromboxane generating systems in rabbits pretreated with aspirin. Pharmacol Res Commun 10: 759–763
Bassenge E, Schmutzler H (1982) Molsidomin–Neue Aspekte zur Therapie der ischamischen Herzerkrankung. 3. Internationales Symposium in Rottach–Egern 1982. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Miinchen
Battler A, Ross J Jr, Slutsky R, Pflsterer M, Ashburn W, Froellicher V (1979) Improvement of exercise–induced left ventricular dysfunction with oral propranolol in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 44: 318–324
Becker LC (1978) Conditions for vasculator–induced coronary steal in experimental myocardial ischemia. Circulation 57: 1103–1110
Becker LC, Fortuin NJ, Pitt B (1971) Effect of ischemia and antianginal drugs on the distribution of radioactive microspheres in the canine left ventricle. Circ Res 28: 263–269
Berdeaux A, Coutte R, Guidicelli JF, Boissier JR (1976) Effects of verapamil on regional myocardial blood flow and ST–segment. Role of the induced bradycardia. Eur J Pharmacol 39: 287–294
Berdeaux A, DaCosta CP, Gamier M, Boissier JR, Giudicelli JF (1978) Beta–adrenergic blockade, regional left ventricular blood flow and ST–segment elevation in canine experimental myocardial ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 205: 646–656
Berne RM (1964) Regulation of coronary blood flow. Physiol Rev 44: 1–29
Bernstein L, Friesinger GC, Lichtlen PR, Ross RS (1966) The effect of nitroglycerin on the systemic and coronary circulation in man and dogs. Myocardial blood flow measured withXenon 133. Circulation 33: 107–116
Best LC, McGuire MB, Jones PBB (1979) Mode of action of dipyridamole on human platelets. Thromb Res 16: 367–379
Born GVR (1979) Possible role for chlorpromazine in protection against myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 822
Born GVR (1979) Possible role for chlorpromazine in protection against myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 822
Born GVR, Kratzer MAA (1981) Endogenous agents in platelet thrombosis. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 651: 85–90
Born GVR, Wehmeier A (1979) Inhibition of platelet thrombus formation by chlorpromazine acting to diminish haemodynamically induced haemolysis. Nature 282: 212–213
Born GVR, Bergqvist D, Arfors KE (1976) Evidence for inhibition of platelet activation in blood by a drug effect of erythrocytes. Nature 259 (6650): 233–235
Braunwald E (1971) Control of myocardial oxygen consumption. Physiologic and clinical considerations. Am J Cardiol 27: 416–432
Braunwald E (1978) Coronary spasm and acute myocardial infarction–new possibility for treatment and prevention. N Engl J Med 299: 1301–1303
Braunwald E (1981) Coronary artery spasm as a cause of myocarial ischemia. J Lab Clin Med 97: 299–312
Braunwald E, Maroko PR (1979) Protection of the ischemic myocardium. In: Schaper W (ed) The pathophysiology of myocardial perfusion. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 379–414
Braunwald E, Sarnhoff SJ, Case RB, Stainsby WN, Welch GH Jr (1958) Hemodynamic determinants of coronary flow: effect of changes in aortic pressure and cardiac output on the relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow. Am J Physiol 192: 157–163
Braunwald E, Miiller JE, Kloner RA, Maroko PR (1983) Role of beta–adrenergic blockade in the therapy of patients with myocardial infarction. Am J Med 74: 113–123
Braunwald E, Miiller JE, Kloner RA, Maroko PR (1983) Role of beta–adrenergic blockade in the therapy of patients with myocardial infarction. Am J Med 74: 113–123
Bretschneider HJ, Frank A, Bernard U, Kochsiek K, Scheler E (1959) The effect of pyrimido–pyrimidine derivate on the oxygen supply to the myocardium. Arzneimittelforsch 9: 49–59
Brunton TL (1897) Lectures on the action of medicines. Macmillan, New York
Burch JW, Baenzinger NL, Stanford N, Majerus PW (1978) Sensitivity of fatty acid cyclooxygenase from human aorta to acetylation by aspirin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 5181–5184
Chalmers TC, Matta RJ, Smith H Jr, Kunzler AM (1977) Evidence favoring the use of anticoagulants in the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 297: 1091–1096
Cheng TO, Bashour T, Kelsler GA, Weiss L, Bacos J (1973) Variant angina of Prinzmetal with normal coronary arteriograms. A variant of the variant. Circulation 47: 476–485
Chierchia S, DeCaterina R, Brunelli C, Crea F, Patrono C, Maseri A (1980) Low dose aspirin prevents thromboxane A2 synthesis by platelets but not attacks of Prinzmetal’s angina. Circulation 62 [Suppl 3]: 214
Cohen MV (1982) Coronary steal in awake dogs: a real phenomenon. Cardiovasc Res 16: 339–349
Cohen MV, Kirk ES (1973) Differential response of large and small coronary arteries to nitroglycerin and angiotensin. Circ Res 33: 445–453
Cohen MV, Downey JM, Sonnenblick EH, Kirk ES (1973) The effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collaterals and myocardial contractility. J Clin Invest 52: 2836–2847
Cohen MV, Sonnenblick EH, Kirk ES (1976) Coronary steal: its role in tetrimental effect of isoproterenol after acute coronary occlusion in dogs. Am J Cardiol 38: 880–888
Colman RV (1978) Platelet function in thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In: Chandler AB, Eurenius K, McMillan GC, Nelson CB, Schwartz CJ, Wessler S (eds) The thrombotic process in atherosclerosis. Plenum, New York, pp 421–435
Covell JW, Braunwald JR Jr, Sonnenblick EH (1966) Studies on digitalis. XVI. Effects on myocardial oxygen consumption. J Clin Invest 45: 1535–1542
DeGraff AC, Lyon AF (1963) Evaluation of dipyridamole (persantin). Am Heart J 65: 423–424
Dembinska–Kiec A, Gryglewsky T, Zunde A, Gryglewsky RJ (1977) The generation of prostacyclin by arteries and by the coronary vascular bed is reduced in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbit. Prostaglandins 14: 1025–1034
Distante A, Maseri A, Severi S, Biagini A, Chierchia S (1979) Management of vasospastic angina at rest with continuous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate. Am J Cardiol 44: 533–539
Dock W (1946) The predilection of atherosclerosis for the coronary arteries. JAMA 131: 875–878
Dusting GJ (1983) The basis for developing an anti–anginal agent which has actions on prostanoid mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 4: 80–84
Ekelund L (1978) Ca–blockers and peripheral circulation–physiological viewpoints. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 43 [Suppl l]: 33–43
Ellis EF, Oelz O, Roberts IJ, Payne NA, Sweetman BJ, Nico AS, Oates JA (1977) Coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction by a substance released from platelets: evidence that it is thromboxane A2. Science 193: 1135–1137
Ellis EF, Jones PS, Wright KF, Richardson DW, Ellis CK (1980) Effect of oral aspirin dose on platelet aggregation and arterial prostacyclin synthesis: studies in humans and rabbits. Adv Prostaglandin Thrombaxane Res 6: 313–315
Elwood PC, Williams WO (1979) A randomized controlled trial of aspirin in the prevention of early mortality in myocardial infarction. JR Coll Gen Pract 29: 413
Elwood PC, Cochrane AL, Burr ML, Sweetman PM, Williams G, Welsby E, Hughes SJ, Renton R (1974) A randomized controlled trial of acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of mortality from myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1: 436–440
Essek HE, Wegria RGE, Herrick JF, Mann FC (1940) The effect of certain drugs on the coronary blood flow of the trained dog. Am Heart J 19: 554–565
Fam W, McGregor M (1964) Effect of coronary vasodilator drugs on retrograde flow areas of chronic myocardial ischemia. Circ Res 15: 355–365
Fam WM, McGregor M (1968) Effect of nitroglycerin and dipyridamol on regional coronary resistance. Circ. Res. 22: 649–659
Feigl EO (1983) Coronary physiology. Physiol Rev 63: 1–205
Feldman RL, Pepine CJ, Conti R (1981) Magnitude of dilatation of large and small coronary arteries by nitroglycerin. Circulation 64: 324 — 333
Ferrer MI, Bradley SE, Wheeler HO, Enson Y, Preiseg R, Brickner PW, Conroy RJ, Harvey M (1966) Some effects of nitroglycerin upon the splanchnic, pulmonary and systemic circulation. Circulation 33: 357–373
Fleckenstein A (1983) Calcium antagonisms in heart and smooth muscle. Wiley, New York
Fleckenstein A, Roskamm H (1980) Calcium–Antagonismus. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Folts JD, Growell EB Jr, Rowe GG (1976) Platelet aggregation in partially obstructed vessels and its elimination with aspirin. Circulation 54: 365–370
Forman R, Kirk ES (1980) Comparative effects of vasodilator drugs on large and small coronary resistance vessels in the dog. Cardiovasc Res 14: 601–606
Foulds T, MacKinnon J (1960) Controlled double–blind trial of persantin in treatment of angina pectoris. Br Med J 2: 835
Freedman B, Richmond DR, Kelly DT (1982) Pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm. Circulation 66: 705–709
Frick MH, Balcon R, Cross D, Sowton E (1968) Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycer in in
patients with angina pectoris studied by an atrial pacing method. Circulation 37:160—168
Gaarder A, Jonson J, Laland S, Hellem A, Owren PA (1961) Adenosine diphosphate in red cells as a factor in the adhesiveness of human blood platelets. Nature 192: 531
Ganz W, Fronek A (1961) The action of nitroglycerin on coronary and systemic haemodynamics and on the oxygen metabolism of the myocardium. Cor Vasa 3: 107 — 119
Ganz W, Buchbinder N, Marcus H, Mondkar A, O’Connor L, Maddahi J, Charuzi Y, Peter T, Berman D, Shaw PK, Swan HJC, Kass R (1980) Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction in man. Circulation 62 [Suppl 3]: 162
Ganz W, Buchbinder N, Marcus H, Mondkar A, Maddahi J, Charuzi Y, O’Connor L, Shell W, Fishbein MC, Kass R, Miyamoto A, Swan HJC (1981) Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 101: 4 — 13
Gold HK, Leinbach RC (1980) Coronary flow restoration in myocardial infarction by intracoronary streptokinase. Circulation 62 [Suppl 3]: 161
Goldstein RE, Stinson EB, Epstein SE (1973) Effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collateral function in patients with coronary occlusive disease. Am J Cardiol 31: 135
Goldstein RE, Stinson EB, Scherer JL, Semigen RP, Grehl TM, Epstein SE (1974) Intraoperative coronary collateral function in patients with coronary occlusive disease: nitroglycerin responsiveness and angiographic correlations. Circulation 49: 298–308
Goodlett M, Dowling K, Eddy LJ, Downey JM (1980) Direct metabolic effects of isoproterenol and propranolol in ischemic myocardium of the dog. Am J Physiol 239. H469–H476
Gorman RR (1980) Biochemical and pharmacological evaluation of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. Adv. Prostaglandin Thrombaxane Res 6: 417–425
Gorman RR, Bundy GL, Peterson DC, Sun FF, Miller OV, Fitzpatrick FA (1977) Inhibition of human platelet thromboxane synthetase by 9,ll–azoprosta–5,13–dienoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 4007–010
Graham TP Jr, Covell JW, Sonnenblick EH, Ross J Jr, Braunwald E (1968) Control of myocardial oxygen consumption. Relative influence of contractile state and tension development. J Clin Invest 47: 375–385
Gross GJ, Winbury MM (1973) Beta–adrenergic blockade on intramyocardial distribution of coronary blood flow. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187: 451–464
Gross GJ, Warltier DC, Buck JD, Hardman HF (1978) Differential effects of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on ischemic myocardial blood flow and contractile force. Fed Proc 37: 416 (Abstract)
Gross R, Kirchheim H, Olshausen K (1979) Effects of nifedipine on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in the conscious dog. Arzneimittelforsch 29: 1361–1368
Grim G, Fleckenstein A (1972) Die elektromechanische Entkoppelung der glatten GefaBmuskulatur als Grundprinzip der Coronardilatation durch 4(2’–nitrophenyl)–2,6–dimethyl–l,4–dihydropyridin–3,5–dicargonsaure–dimethylester (Bay a 1040, nifedipine). Arzneimittelforsch 22: 334–344
Gryglewsky RS, Bunting S, Moncada S, Flower RJ, Vane JR (1976) Arterial walls are protected against deposition of platelet thrombi by a substance (prostaglandin X) with prevents platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins 12: 685–713
Gryglewsky RJ, Zmuda A, Dembinska–Kiec A, Krecioch E (1977) A potent inhibitor of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in aggregating human blood platelets. Pharmacol Res Commun 9: 106–116
Haft JI, Gershengorn K, Kranz PD, Oestreicher R (1972) Protection against epinephrineinduced myocardial necrosis by drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation. Am J Cardiol 30: 838–843
Hamberg M, Svensson J, Samuelsson B (1975) Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 2994–2998
Hamman L (1935) Heart pain of organic origin. Int Clin 2: 157–181
Harder DR, Belardinelli L, Sperelakis N, Rubio R, Berne RM (1979) Differential effects of adenosine and nitroglycerin on the action potentials of large and small coronary arteries. Circ Res 44: 176–182
Harker LA, Ritchie JL (1980) The role of platelets in acute vascular events. Circulation 62 [Suppl 5]: 13–18
Hashimoto K, Taira N, Ono H, Chiba S, Hashimoto K Jr, Endoh M, Kokubun M, Kokubun
H, Iijima T, Kimura T, Kubota K, Oguro K (1975) Nifedipine, basis of its pharmacological effect. In: Hashimoto K, Kihura E, Kobayashi T (eds) 1. International nifedipine (adalat) symposium, Tokyo 1973. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 11–22
Henry PD, Yokoyama M (1980) Supersensitivity of atherosclerotic rabbit aorta to ergonovine: mediation by a serotonergic mechanism. J Clin Invest 66: 306–313
Henry PD, Schuchleib R, Borda LJ, Roberts R, Williamson JR, Sobel BE (1978) Effects of nifedipine on myocardial perfusion and ischemic injury in dogs. Circ Res 43: 372–380
Hillis LD, Braunwald E (1978) Coronary artery spasm. N Engl J Med 299: 695–702
Hillis LD, Khuri SF, Braunwald E, Maroko PR (1979) The role of propranolol’s negative chronotropic effect in protection of ischemic myocardium. Pharmacology 19: 202–208
Honig CR, Tenney SM, Gabel PV (1960) The mechanism of cardiovascular action of nitroglycerin. Am J Med 29: 910–923
Holtz J, Bassenge E, Kolin A (1978) Haemodynamic and myocardial effects of long–lasting venodilation in the conscious dog: analysis of molsidomin in comparison with nitrates. Basic Res Cardiol 73: 469–481
Hillis LD, Khuri SF, Braunwald E, Maroko PR (1979) The role of propranolol’s negative chronotropic effect in protection of ischemic myocardium. Pharmacology 19: 202–208
Hillis LD, Khuri SF, Braunwald E, Maroko PR (1979) The role of propranolol’s negative chronotropic effect in protection of ischemic myocardium. Pharmacology 19: 202–208
Hoeschen RJ, Bousvaros GA, Klassen GA, Fam WM, McGregor M (1966) Haemodynamic effects of angina pectoris, and of nitroglycerin in normal and anginal subjects. Br Heart J 28: 221–230
Holtz J, Bassenge E, Kolin A (1978) Haemodynamic and myocardial effects of long–lasting venodilation in the conscious dog: analysis of molsidomin in comparison with nitrates. Basic Res Cardiol 73: 469–481
Honig CR, Tenney SM, Gabel PV (1960) The mechanism of cardiovascular action of nitroglycerin. Am J Med 29: 910–923
Horowitz LD, Gorlin R, Taylor WJ, Kemp HG (1971) Effects of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 50: 1578–1584
Hunscha H, Kaltenbach M, Schellhorn W (1966) Zur Therapie der Angina pectoris. Objektive Priifung von Medikamentenwirkungen mit Hilfe von Arbeitsversuchen. Therapiewoche 16: 1153–1159
Ignarro LJ, Lippton H, Edwards JC, Baricos WH, Hyman AL, Kadowitz PJ, Gruetter CA (1981) Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S–nitrosothiols as active intermediates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 218: 739–749
Ignarro LJ, Lippton H, Edwards JC, Baricos WH, Hyman AL, Kadowitz PJ, Gruetter CA (1981) Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S–nitrosothiols as active intermediates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 218: 739–749
Jorgensen L, Rowsell HC, Hovig T, Glynn MF, Mustard JF (1967) Adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation and myocardial infarction in swine. Lab Invest 17: 616–619
Jorgensen CR, Wang K, Wang Y, Gobel FL, Nelson RR, Taylor HL (1973) Effect of propranolol on myocardial oxygen consumption and its hemodynamic correlates during upright exercise. Circulation 48: 1173–1182
Kaltenbach M, Becker HJ, Loos A, Kober G (1972) Veranderungen der Hamodynamik des linken Herzens unter der Wirkung von Nifedipine (BAY a 1040) im Vergleich mit Nitroglycerin. Arzneimittelforsch 22: 362–365
Kaltenbach M, Schulz W, Kober G (1979) Effects of nifedipine after intravenous and intracoronary administration. Am J Cardiol 44: 832–838
Katz LN, Linder E, Weinstein W, Abramson DI, Jochim K (1938) Effect of various drugs on the coronary circulation of the denerved isolated heart of the dog and cat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 59:399—415 in persantin. Am Heart J 63: 146–151
Kirk ES, Honig CR (1964) Experimental and theoretical analysis of myocardial tissue pressure. Am J Physiol 207: 361–367
Kloner RA, Reimer KA, Jennings RB (1971) Distribution of coronary collateral flow in acute myocardial ischaemic injury: effect of propranolol. Cardiovasc Res 10: 263
Kraupp O, Heistracher P, Wolner E, Tuisl E (1964) Die Wirkung von N,N’–Dimethyl–N,N/–bis[3–(3’,4’,5’–trimethoxybenzoxy)–propyl]athylendiamin auf Herz– und Kreislaufdynamik sowie 02–Versorgung des Herzmuskels und des Gehirns. Arzneimittelforsch 14: 1086–1098
Kurita A (1975) Effect of nifedipine on the left ventricular haemodynamics in angina pectoris. In: Hashimoto K, Kimura E, Kobayashi T (eds) 1. International nifedipine (adalat) symposium, Tokyo 1973. University Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 121–125
Ledsome JR, Kellett RP, Burkhart SM (1974) The ability of propranolol to antagonize induced changes in heart rate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 188: 198–206
Lewis T (1931) Angina pectoris associated with high blood pressure and its relief by amyl nitrite; with note on Nothnagel’s syndrome. Heart 15: 305–327
Lewy RI, Smith JB, Silver MJ, Saika J, Walinsky P, Wiener L (1979) Detection of thromboxane B2 in peripheral blood of patients with Prinzmetal’s angina. Clin Res 27: 462A (Abstract)
Lichtlen PR, Engel HJ, Schrey A, Swan HJC (1981) Nitrates III, cardiovascular effects. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Linder E, Seeman T (1967) Effects of persantin and nitroglycerin on myocardial blood flow during temporary coronary occlusion in dogs. Angiologica 4: 225–255
Lochner W, Bender F (1979) Molsidomin–neue Aspekte in der Therapie der ischamischen Herzerkrankung. 1. Molsidomin–Symposium Munchen 1978. Urban und Schwarzenberg, Munchen
MacAlpin RN, Kattus AA, Alvaro AB (1973) Angina pectoris at rest with preservation of exercise capacity: Prinzmetal’s variant angina. Circulation 47: 946–958
Mantero O, Conti F (1969) A paradoxical clinical response to dipyridamole. In: Bertelli A (ed) Pharmacological and clinical approach to the detection and evaluation of new circulatory drugs. North–Holland, Amsterdam, pp 118–123
Marchetti GV, Merlo L, Antognetti RM (1964) The effects of nitroglycerin on the coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption of the myocardium in anaesthetized dogs. Am J Cardiol 13: 51–57
Marchetti G, Merlo L, Neseda V (1968) Myocardial uptake of free fatty acids and carbohydrates after beta adrenergic blockade. Am J Cardiol 22: 370–374
Maroko PR, Libby P, Braunwald E (1973) Effect of pharmacologic agents on the function of the ischemic heart. Am J Cardiol 32: 930–936
Maseri A, Chierchia S, L’Abbate A (1980) Pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the clinical events associated with atherosclerotic heart disease. Circulation 62 [Suppl 5]: 3–13
Maseri A, Mimmo R, Chierchia S, Marchesi C, Pesola A, LAbbate A (1975) Coronary artery spasm as a cause of acute myocardial ischemia in man. Chest 68: 625–633
Maseri A, Parodi O, Severi S, Pesola A (1976) Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow, demonstrated by thallium–201 scintigraphy, as a cause of variant angina. Circulation 56: 280–288
Maseri A, Severi S, DeNes M, LAbbate A, Chierchia S, Marzilli M, Ballestra AM, Parodi O, Biagini A, Distante A (1978) Variant angina: one aspect of a continuous spectrum of vasospastic myocardial ischaemia. Am J Cardiol 42: 1019–1035
Mason DT, Braunwald E (1965) The effects of nitroglycerin and amylnitrite on arteriolar and venous tone in the human forearm. Circulation 32: 755–766
Masotti G, Galanti G, Poggesi L, Abbate R, Neri Serneri GG (1980) Differential inhibition of prostacyclin production and platelet aggregation by aspirin in humans. Adv Prostaglandin Thrombaxane Res 6: 317–320
Mathes P, Rival J (1971) Effect of nitroglycerin on total and regional coronary blood flow in normal and ischemic canine myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 5: 54–61
Mathey DG, Kuck KH, Tilsner V, Krebber HJ, Bleifeld W (1981) Nonsurgical coronary artery recanalization in acute transmural myocardial infarction. Circulation 63: 399
Meesmann W (1973) Zur Pathophysiologic der Koronarinsuffizienz. In: Gottstein U (ed) Koronarinsuffizienz. Periphere Durchblutungsstorungen. Huber, Bern, pp 20–32 (Aktuelle Probleme in Angiologie, vol 20 )
Meyer U, Schiffer W, Schulz FW, Raff WK (1974) The problem of coronary steal phenomenon under the influence of coronary dilators. Naunyn–Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 285 [Suppl]: R55 (Abstract)
Millard RW (1980) Changes in cardiac mechanics and coronary blood flow of regionally ischemic porcine myocardium induced by diltiazem. Chest 78 [Suppl]: 193–199
Mills DCB, Smith JB (1971) The influence on platelet aggregation of drugs that affect the accumulation of adenosine 3’,5’–cyclic monophosphate in platelets. Biochem J 121: 185–196
Minnemann KP, Hegstrand LR, Molinoff PB (1979) The pharmacological specifity of beta–1 and beta–2 adrenergic receptors in rat heart and lung in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 15: 21–33
Miwa K, Kambara H, Kawai C (1981) Exercise–induced angina provoked by aspirin administration in patients with variant angina. Am J Cardiol 47: 1210–1214
Moir TW (1972) Subendocardial distribution of coronary blood flow and the effect of antianginal drugs. Circ Res 30: 621–627
Moir TW, DeBra DW (1967) Effect of left ventricular hypertension, ischemia and vasoactive drugs on the myocardial distribution of coronary flow. Circ Res 21: 65–74
Moncada S, Korbutt R (1978) Dipyridamole and other phosphodiesterase inhibitors act as antithrombotic agents by potentiating endogenous prostacyclin. Lancet 1: 1286–1289
Moncada S, Vane JR (1970) Pharmacology and endogenous roles of prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, and prostacyclin. Pharmacol Rev 30: 293–331
Moncada S, Vane JR (1970) Pharmacology and endogenous roles of prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, and prostacyclin. Pharmacol Rev 30: 293–331
Moncada S, Herman AH, Higgs EA, Vane JR (1977) Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX of PG12) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the anti–thrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb Res 11: 323–344
Moncada S, Herman AH, Higgs EA, Vane JR (1977) Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX of PG12) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the anti–thrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb Res 11: 323–344
Mueller HS, Ayres SM (1977) The role of propranolol in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 19: 405–412
Mueller HS, Ayres SM, Religa A, Evans RG (1974) Propranolol in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: effect on myocardial oxygenation and haemodynamics. Circulation 49: 1078–1087
Miiller O, Rorvik K (1958) Hemodynamic consequences of coronary heart disease. Br Heart 120: 302–310
Muller–Schweinitzer E (1980) The mechanism of ergometrine–induced coronary arterial spasm: in vitro studies in canine arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2: 645–655
Mustard JF (1976) Function of blood platelets and their role in thrombosis. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 87: 104–107
Myers A, Rabbani F, Penhos JC, Ramey E, Ramwell PW (1981) Protective effects of lidocaine, cyproteroneacetate and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor against arachidonate induced mortality. Fed Proc 40: 662 (Abstract)
Nagao T, Ikeo T, Sato M (1972) Influence of calcium ions on responses to diltiazem in coronary arteries. Jpn J Pharmacol 27: 330–332
Nagao T, Murata S, Sato M (1975) Effects of diltiazem (CRD–401) on developed coronary collateral in the dog. Jpn J Pharmacol 25: 281–288
Nayler WG, Szeto J (1972) Effect of verapamil on contractility oxygen utilization and calcium exchangeability in mammalian heart muscle. Cardiovasc Res 6: 120–128
Nayler WG, Mclnnes I, Swann JB, Price JM, Carson V, Race D, Lowe TE (1968) Some effects of iproveratril (isoptin) on the cardiovascular system. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 161: 247–261
Needleman P (ed) (1975) Organic nitrates. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 40 )
Needleman P, Kulkarni PS, Raz A (1977) Coronary tone modulation: formation and actions of prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxanes. Science 195: 409–12
Needleman P, Kulkarni PS, Raz A (1977) Coronary tone modulation: formation and actions of prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxanes. Science 195: 409–12
Nomura H, Nagata K, Futamura Y, Mochizuki K, Hama Y, Sotobata I, Yasui S (1980) Effects of niludipine on regional myocardial blood flow and regional myocardial function in the dog with partial occlusion of the coronary artery. Arzneimittelforsch 30: 1258–1263
Oliva PB, Breckinridge JC (1977) Arteriographic evidence of coronary arterial spasm in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 56: 366–374
Oliva PB, Pozts DE, Pluss RG (1973) Coronary arterial spasm in Prinzmetal angina: documentation by coronary arteriography. N Engl J Med 288: 745–751
Opie LH, Thomas M (1976) Propranolol and experimental myocardial infarction: substrate effect. Postgrad Med J 52 [Suppl 4]: 124–132
O’Rourke RA, Bishop YS, Kot PA, Fernandez JP (1971) Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin and amyl nitrate in the conscious dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 177: 426–32
Parker JO, DiGiorgi S, West RO (1966) A hemodynamic study of acute coronary insufficiency precipitated by exercise with observations on the effects of nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol 17: 470–483
Parker JO, West RO, DiGiorgi S (1967) The hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with healed myocardial infarction without angina (with observations on the effect of nitroglycerin). Circulation 36: 734–751
Parker JO, West RO, DiGiorgi S (1971) The effect of nitroglycerin on coronary blood flow and the hemodynamic response to exercise in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 27: 59–65
Parratt JR (1980) Effects of adrenergic activators and inhibitors on the coronary circulation. In: Szekeres L (ed) Adrenergic activators and inhibitors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 735–822 (Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 54/1)
Parratt JR, Grayson J (1966) Myocardial vascular reactivity after beta–adrenergic blockade. Lancet 1: 338–340
Pick R, Chediak J, Glick G (1979) Aspirin inhibits development of coronary atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca Fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet. J Clin Invest 63: 158–162
Pieper GM, Todd GL, Wu ST, Salhany JM, Clayton FC, Eliot RS (1980) Attenuation of myocardial acidosis by propranolol during ischemic arrest and reperfusion. Evidence with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Cardiovasc Res 14: 646–653
Pitt B, Graven P (1970) Effect of propranolol on regional myocardial blood flow in acute ischaemia. Cardiovasc Res 4: 176–179
Pitt B, Elliot EC, Gregg DE (1967) Adrenergic receptor activity in the coronary arteries of the unanaesthetized dog. Circ Res 21: 75 — 84
Prichard BNC (1981) –adrenergic antagonists in angina and myocardial infarction. In: Wilkerson RD (ed) Cardiac pharmacology. Academic, London, pp 387–414
Prinzmetal M, Kennamar R, Merliss R, Wada T, Bor N (1959) Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris. Am J Med 27: 375–388
Raff WK, Kosche F, Lochner W (1972) Coronary extravascular resistance at increasing left ventricular pressure. Pfliigers Arch 333: 352–361
Rentrop P, Blanke H, Karsch KR, Kaiser H, Kostering H, Leitz K (1981) Selective intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. Circulation 63: 307–317
Robertson RM, Robertson D, Roberts LJ, Maas RL, Fitzgerald GA, Friesinger GC, Oates JA (1981) Thromboxane A2 in vasotonic angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 304: 998–1003
Roskamm H (1972) Hamodynamik und Kontraktilitat in Ruhe und wahrend korperlicher Belastung bei /?–Sympathikolyse. In: Dengler HJ (ed) Die therapeutische Anwendung sympathikolytischer Stoffe. 4. Rothenburger Gesprach 1971. Schattauer, Stuttgart, pp 159–175
Roskamm H, Frohlich GJ, Reindell H (1966) Die Wirkung verschiedener Koronardilatatoren auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch, die Herzfrequenz und den Blutdruck bei standardisierter Belastung auf dem Ergometer. Arzneimittelforsch 16: 835–841
Ross G, Jorgensen CR (1967) Cardiovascular action of iproveratril. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 158: 504 — 509
Rudolph W, Kriener J, Meister W (1971) Die Wirkung von Verapamil auf Coronardurchblutung, Sauerstoffutilisation und Kohlendioxydproduktion des menschlichen Herzens. Klin Wochenschr 49: 982–988
Rutsch W, Weber H, Paeprer H, Dorow P, Schartl M, Schmutzler H (1980) Recanalization of coronary arteries in impending myocardial infarction by means of intracoronary streptokinase infusion. Circulation 62 [Suppl 3]: 80
Saito D (1976) Effect of coronary vasodilators on cardiac dynamics of the normal dog and the dog with experimental coronary sclerosis. Jpn Circ J 40: 363–397
Saito D (1976) Effect of coronary vasodilators on cardiac dynamics of the normal dog and the dog with experimental coronary sclerosis. Jpn Circ J 40: 363–397
Sato M, Nagao T, Yamaguchi I, Nakajima H, Kiyomoto A (1971) Pharmacological studies on a new 1,5–benzothiazepine derivative (CRD–401). Arzneimittelforsch 21: 1338–1343
Sauer G, Tebbe U, Krause H, Kreuzer H, Neuhaus KL (1981) Die Wirkung von Molsidomin auf den arteriellen Windkessel. Z Kardiol 70: 713–718
Sbar S, Schlant RC (1967) Dipyridamole in the treatment of angina pectoris. JAMA 201: 865–867
Schaper W ( 1979 a) Regulation of coronary blood flow. In: Schaper W (ed) The pathophysiology of myocardial perfusion. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 171–198
Schaper W ( 1979 b) Effect of drugs on collateral circulation. In: Schaper W (ed) The pathophysiology of myocardial perfusion. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 471–89
Schaper WKA, Xhonneux R, Jagenau AHM, Janssen PJ (1966) The cardiovascular pharmacology of lidoflazine (R 7904), a long–acting coronary vasodilator. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 152: 265–274
Schaper W, Lewi P, Flameng W, Gijpen L (1973) Myocardial steal produced by coronary vasodilation in chronic coronary artery occlusion. Basic Res Cardiol 68: 3–20
Schnaar RL, Sparks HV (1972) Response of large and small coronary arteries to nitroglycerin, NaN02 and adenosine. Am J Physiol 223: 223–228
Schror K, Smith EF, Bickerton M (1980) Preservation of ischemic myocardium by pinnae thromboxane A2. Am J Physiol 238: H87–H92
Selwyn AP, Welman E, Fox K, Horlock P, Pratt T, Klein M (1979) The effects of nifedipine on acute experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction in dogs. Circ Res 44: 16–23
Selzer A (1978) Use of anticoagulant agents in acute myocardial infarction: statistics or clinical judgement? Am J Cardiol 41: 1315–1317
Smith EF, Lefer AM, Smith JB (1980) Influence of thromboxane inhibition on the severity of myocardial ischemia in cats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 58: 294–300
Sonnenblick EH, Braunwald E, Williams JF Jr, Glick G (1965) Effects of exercise on myocardial force–velocity relations in intact unanaesthetized man: relative roles of changes in heart rate, sympathetic activity and ventricular dimension. J Clin Invest 44: 2051–2062
Sonnenblick EH, Ross J Jr, Braunwald E (1968) Oxygen consumption of the heart. Am J Cardiol 22: 328–336
Spann JF (1983) Changing concepts of pathophysiology, prognosis, and therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 74: 877–886
Steele P, Rainwater J, Vogel R, Genton E (1978) Platelet–suppressant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. JAMA 240: 228–231
Stein PD, Brooks HL, Matson JL, Hyland JW (1967) Effect of beta–adrenergic blockade on coronary blood flow. Cardiovasc. Res 2: 63–67
Svensson J, Hamberg M, Samuelsson B (1976) On the formation and effects of thromboxane A2 in human platelets. Acta Physiol Scand 98: 285–294
Szentivanyi M, Juhasz–Nagy A (1963) The physiological role of the coronary constrictor fibres. I. The effect of the coronary vasomotors on the systemic blood pressure. Q J Exp Physiol 48: 93–104
Thuillez C, Maury M, Giudicelli JF (1983) Differential effects of verapamil and diltiazem on regional blood flow and function in the canine normal and ischemic myocardium. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 5: 19–27
Tomoike H, Ross J Jr, Franklin D, Crozatier B, McKown D, Kemper WS (1978) Improvement of propranolol of regional myocardial dysfunction and abnormal coronary flow pattern in conscious dogs with coronary narrowing. Am J Cardiol 41: 689 — 696
Tyler HM, Saxton CAPD, Parry MJ (1981) Administration to man of UK–37, 248–01, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. Lancet 1: 629–632
Vatner SF, Heyndrickx GR (1975) Mechanism of action of nitroglycerin: coronary, cardiac and systemic effects. In: Needleman P (ed) Organic nitrates. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 131–161 (Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 40 )
Vatner SF, Higgins CB, Millard RW, Franklin D (1972) Direct and reflex effects of nitroglycerin on coronary and left ventricular dynamics in conscious dogs. J Clin Invest 51: 2872–2882
Vatner SF, Higgins CB, Braunwald E (1974) Effects of norepinephrine on coronary circulation and left ventricular dynamics in the conscious dog. Circ Res 34: 812–823
Vatner SF, Baig H, Manders WT, Ochs H, Pagani M (1977) Effects of propranolol on regional myocardial function, electrograms and blood flow in conscious dogs with myocardial ischemia. J Clin Invest 60: 353–360
Verdouw PD, TenCate FJ, Hugenholtz PG (1980) Effect of nifedipine on segmental myocardial functions in the anaesthetized pig. Eur J Pharmacol 63: 209–212
Vineberg AM, Chari RS, Pifarre R, Mercier C (1962) The effect of persantin on intracoronary collateral circulation and survival during gradual experimental coronary occlusion: a preliminary report. Can Med Assoc J 87: 336–345
Warltier DC, Meils CM, Gross GJ, Brooks HL (1981) Blood flow in normal and acutely ischemic myocardium after verapamil, diltiazem and nisoldipine (Bay k 5552), a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 218: 296–302
Warltier DC, Lamping KA, Zyvoloski MG, Gross GJ, Brooks HL (1983) The slow–channel calcium blocking agent, nitrendipine and coronary collateral blood flow. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 5: 272–277
Weber KT, Janicki JS (1979) The metabolic demand and oxygen supply of the heart: physiologic and clinical considerations. Am J Cardiol 44: 722–729
Weintraub WS, Hattoro S, Agarwal J, Bodenheimer MM, Banka VS, Helfant RH (1981) Variable effect of nifedipine on myocardial blood flow at three grades of coronary occlusion in the dog. Circ Res 48: 937–942
Wessler S, Gilel SN (1979) Review. Heparin: new concepts relevant to clinical use. Blood 53: 525–544
essler S, Gilel SN (1979) Review. Heparin: new concepts relevant to clinical use. Blood 53: 525–544
Wilcken DEL, Paolini HJ, Eikens E (1971) Evidence for intravenous dipyridamole (persantin) producing a coronary steal effect in the ischemic myocardium. Aust NZ J Med 1: 8–14
Wilcken DEL, Paolini HJ, Eikens E (1971) Evidence for intravenous dipyridamole (persantin) producing a coronary steal effect in the ischemic myocardium. Aust NZ J Med 1: 8–14
Wilkins RW, Haynes FW, Weiss S (1937) The role of the venous system in circulatory collapse induced by sodium nitrite. J Clin Invest 16: 85–91
Wille HH, Sauer G, Tebbe U, Neuhaus KL, Kreuzer H (1980) Nitroglycerin and afterload: effects of aortic complicance and capacity of the windkessel. Eur Heart J 1: 445–449
Williams JF, Glick G, Braunwald E (1965) Studies on cardiac dimensions in intact unanaesthetized man. V. Effects of nitroglycerin. Circulation 32: 767–771
Winbury MM (1971) Redistribution of left ventricular blood flow produced by nitroglycerin. Circ Res 28 and 29 [Suppl 1]: 1–140
Winbury MM, Howe BB, Hefner MA (1969) Effect of nitrates and other coronary dilators on large and small coronary vessels: hypothesis for the mechanism of action of nitrates. J Pharmacol Ther 168: 70–95
Wolfson S, Gorlin R (1969) Cardiovascular pharmacology of propranolol in man. Circulation 40: 501–511
Zyvoloski MG, Brooks HL, Gross GJ, Warltier DC (1982) Myocardial perfusion distal to an acute or chronic coronary artery occlusion: effects of diltiazem and nifedipine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 222: 494–500
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kraupp, O. (1985). Pharmacodynamic Principles of Action of Antianginal Drugs. In: Abshagen, U. (eds) Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 76. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69524-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69524-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69526-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69524-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive