Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 76))

  • 106 Accesses

Abstract

Never before in the history of medicine has one single generation of medical practitioners witnessed such dramatic changes of major disease entities as our generation did between the 1950s and 1980s. Whereas, in the western hemisphere, infectious diseases came under control and, subsequently, rheumatic heart disease and syphilitic cardiovascular complications were almost eradicated, rapidly increasing “diseases of civilization” accounted for millions of premature tragedies of morbidity and mortality and led to the epidemic of coronary heart disease (CHD). In the United States and Australia, its peak incidence occurred around the mid–1960s, while the majority of eastern European nations at the present time seem to be heading toward still increasing rates and western European countries are leveling off, either at similar rates to those previously occupied by the United States, or below them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AHA (1982) American Heart Association Committee Report: Grundy SM, Bilheimer D, Blackburn H, Brown WV, Kwiterowich PO Jr, Mattson F, Schonfeld G, Weidman WH (eds) Rationale of the diet–heart statement of the American Heart Association. Circulation 65: 839A–854A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anastasiou–Nana M, Nanas S, Stamler J, Marquardt J, Stamler R, Lindberg HA, Berkson DM, Liu K, Stevens E, Mansour M, Tokich T (1982) Changes in rates of sudden CHD death with first vs. recurrent events. Chicago Peoples Gas Co. study, 1960–1980. Circulation 66 (Suppl 2): 236

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaglehole R, Foulkes MA, Prior I A, Eyles EF (1980) Cholesterol and mortality in New Zealand Maoris. Br Med J 280: 285–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn H, Berenson G, Christian JC, Epstein F, Feinleib M, Havas S, Heiss G, Heyden S, Jacobs D, Joosens JV, Kagan A, Kannel WB, Morrison JA, Roberts NJ, Tiger L, Wynder EL (1979) Conference on the health effects of blood lipids: optimal distributions for populations. Prev Med 8: 612–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer ER, Ashman PL, Kuba K (1975) The Minnesota coronary survey: compositions of the diets, adherence and serum lipid response. Circulation 52 (Suppl 2): 269 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Caggiula AW, Christakis G, Farrand M, Hulley SB, Johnson R, Lasser NL, Stamler J, Widdowson G (1981) The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). IV. Intervention on blood lipids. Prev Med 10: 443–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen D, Grimm H Jr, Smith McFW (1981) Multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). VI. Intervention on blood pressure. Prev Med 10: 501–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee of Principal Investigators (1978) A cooperative trial in the prevention of ischemic heart disease using cloflbrate. Br Heart J 40: 1069–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Committee of Principal Investigators (1980) WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischemic heart disease using cloflbrate to lower serum cholesterol: mortality followup report. Lancet 2: 379–385

    Google Scholar 

  • CPPT (1979) The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT): design and implementation. The Lipid Research Clinics program. J Chron Dis 32: 609–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CPPT (1984a) The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 251: 351–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CPPT (1984b) The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of CHD to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 251: 365–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson EA, Gatewood LC (1975) The Minnesota coronary survey: methodology and characteristics of the population. Circulation 52 (Suppl 2): 271 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorr AE, Gundersen K, Schneider JC Jr, Spencer TW, Marting WB (1978) Colestipol hydrochloride in hypercholesterolemic patients–effect on serum cholesterol and mortality. J Chron Dis 31: 5 — 14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ederer F, Leren P, Turpeinen O, Frantz ID (1971) Cancer among men on cholesterollowering diets. Lancet 2: 203–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elveback LR, Connoly DC, Kurland LT (1981) Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota. II. Mortality, incidence and survivorship, 1950–1975. Mayo ClinProc 56: 665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folsom A, Gillum R, Prineas R, Kottke T, Baxter J, Luepker R, Jacobs D, Taylor H, Blackburn H (1981) Trends in out–of–hospital coronary heart disease deaths in a metropolitan community. Circulation 64 (Suppl 4): 213

    Google Scholar 

  • Frantz ID, Dawson EA, Kuba K, Brewer ER, Gatewood LC, Bartsch GE (1975) The Minnesota coronary survey: effect of diet on cardiovascular events and deaths. Circulation 52 (Suppl 2): 4 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freis ED (1979 a) Treatment of hypertension. State of the art in 1979. Clin Sci 57: 347

    Google Scholar 

  • Freis ED (1979 b) The rewards of effective antihypertensive therapy. In: Hunt JC et al. (eds) Hypertension update. Dialogues in hypertension, continuing medical eduation symposium, Washington, D.C., May 9–11,1979. Health Learning Systems Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampton JR (1982) Falling mortality in coronary heart disease. Br Med J 284: 1505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampton JR (1982) Falling mortality in coronary heart disease. Br Med J 284: 1505

    Google Scholar 

  • HDFP (1981) Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with antihypertensive therapy. Circulation 64 (Suppl 4): 322 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • HDFP (1981) Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with antihypertensive therapy. Circulation 64 (Suppl 4): 322 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • HDFP (1982 b) The effect of treatment on mortality in mild hypertension. N Engl J Med 307:976–980

    Google Scholar 

  • HDFP (1982 b) The effect of treatment on mortality in mild hypertension. N Engl J Med 307:976–980

    Google Scholar 

  • HDFP (1984) Effect of stepped care treatment on the incidence of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. Hypertension 6: 1198–1206

    Google Scholar 

  • Helgeland A (1980) Treatment of mild hypertension: a five year controlled drug trial. Am J Med 69: 725–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S (1974) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and colon cancer. Nutr Metabol 17: 321–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S (1982a) Preventive Cardiology p 1–141, Boehringer, Mannheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S (1982a) Preventive Cardiology p 1–141, Boehringer, Mannheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S, Williams RS (1982) Cholesterol controversy–where do we go from here? Toward

    Google Scholar 

  • Healthful Diets re–evaluated. Cardiology 69:110–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S, Cassel JC, Bartel A, Tyroler HA, Hames CG, Cornoni JC (1971) Body weight and cigarette smoking as risk factors. Arch Intern Med 128: 915–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S, Heiss G, Bartel AG, Hames CG (1980) Sex differences in coronary mortality among diabetics in Evans County, Georgia. J Chron Dis 33: 265–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyden S, Tyroler HA, Schneider K, Borhani N, Langford H, Oberman A, Hames CG,

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson R The relationship of weight change to changes in blood pressure, serum uric acid, cholesterol and glucose in the treatment of hypertension (in print, J Chron Dis, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjermann I, Byre KV, Holme I, Leren P (1981) Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Lancet 2: 1303–1310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kagan A, McGee DL, Yano K, Rhoads GG, Nomura A (1981) Serum cholesterol and mortality in a Japanese–American population. Am J Epidemiol 114: 11–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB (1978) Hypertension, blood lipids, and cigarette smoking as co–risk factors for coronary heart disease. In: Mitchell Perry H Jr, McFate Smith W (eds) Mild hypertension: to treat or not to treat. Ann NY Acad Sci 304: 128–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB (1982 a) Meaning of the downward trend in cardiovascular mortality. JAMA 247:877–880

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB (1982 b) Seeking explanations for secular trends in cardiovascular mortality.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letter to the editor. JAMA 248:1178

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel WB, Gordon TL (1974) The Framingham study, an epidemiologic investigation of cardiovascular disease. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolata G (1982) Heart study produces surprise result. Science 218: 31–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornitzer M, De Backer G, Dramaix M, Kittel F, Thilly C, Graffar M, Vuylsteek K (1983) Belgian heart disease prevention project: incidence and mortality results. Lancet 1: 1066–1070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, De Lezenne Coulander C (1982) Dietary fibre and 10–year mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and all causes. The Zutphen study. Lancet 2: 518–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Leren P (1970) The Oslo diet–heart study. Circulation 42: 935

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis B (1980) Dietary prevention of ischemic heart disease–a policy for the 80s. Br Med J 2: 177–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu K, Stamler J, Trevisan M, Moss D (1982) Dietary lipids, sugar, fiber, and mortality from coronary heart disease. Bivariate analysis of international data. J Arteriosclerosis 2: 221–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Luepker RY, Jacobs DR, Folsom A, Gillum RF, Taylor HL, Blackburn H (1982) Trends in cardiovascular disease risk 1973–1974 to 1980–1981: the Minnesota heart survey. Circulation 66 (Suppl 2): 284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg GD (1982) Editorial. JAMA 248: 1501

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Management Committee (1980) the Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1:1261–1267

    Google Scholar 

  • Management Committee (1980) the Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1:1261–1267

    Google Scholar 

  • MRFIT (1982) Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: MRFIT. JAMA 248: 1465–1477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Cancer Center (1977) A comparison of levels of serum cholesterol of adults 18–74 years of age in the United States in 1960–1962 and 1971–1974 (advance data from vital and health statistics of the National Cancer Center for Health Statistics. 22 February, 1977 ). Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Neaton D, Broste S, Cohen L, Fishman L, Kjelsberg M, Schoenberger J (1981) The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). VILA comparison of risk factor change between the two study groups. Prev Med 10: 519–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelius SJ, Heyden S, Hansen JP, Muhlbaier LH, Morris M (1982) Lipoprotein and blood pressure changes during weight reduction at Duke’s dietary rehabilitation clinic. Ann NutrMetab 26: 384–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NIH (1981) Workshop on cholesterol and non–cardiovascular disease mortality, 11–12 May 1981. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver MF (1981) Coronary heart disease prevention. Trials using drugs to control hyperlipidemia. In: Miller NE, Lewis B (eds) Lipoproteins, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver MF (1982) Does control of risk factors prevent coronary heart disease? Br Med J 285: 1065–1066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce ML, Dayton S (1971) Incidence of cancer in men on a diet high in polyunsaturated fat. Lancet 1: 464–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poffenbarger PL, Scott J (1980) Tolbutamide, smoking, and cardiac arrhythmia. JAMA 244: 811–812

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Salonen J (1979) Changes in coronary risk factors during comprehensive 5–year community programme to control cardiovascular diseases. Br Med J 2: 1173–1178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose G (1981) Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease. Br Med J 282: 1847–1851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose G (1982) Editorial. Lancet 2: 803–804

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose G, Reid DD, Hamilton PJS, McCartney P, Keen H, Jarrett RJ (1977) Myocardial ischemia, risk factors and death from coronary heart disease. Lancet 1: 105–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenhamer G, Carlson LA (1980) Effect of combined cloflbrate–nicotinic acid treatment in ischemic heart disease–an interim report. Atherosclerosis 37: 129–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Tarazi RC, Bumpus FM (1977) Cardiac hypertrophy and antihypertensive therapy. Cardiovasc Res 11: 427–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Tarazi RC, Bumpus FM (1977) Cardiac hypertrophy and antihypertensive therapy. Cardiovasc Res 11: 427–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Shekelle RB, Paul O (1981) Workshop on cholesterol and non–cardiovascular disease mortality. (NHLBI and NCI) 11–12 May 1981. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  • Shekelle RB, Shryock AM, Paul O, Lepper M, Stamler J, Liu S, Raynor WJ (1981) Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease: the Western Electric study. N Engl J Med 304: 65–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singman HS, Archer M, Bergner L (1973) Cancer mortality and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mount Sinai J Med 15: 677

    Google Scholar 

  • Singman HS, Berman SN, Cowell C, Maslansky E, Archer M (1980) The anti–coronaryclub: 1957 to 1972. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 1183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skillman T, Tzagournis M (1982) Diabetes mellitus, 5th edn. Upjohn, Columbus, Ohio

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith McFW (1977) Treatment of mild hypertension: results of a ten–year intervention trial. US Public Health Service Hospitals Cooperative Study Group. Hypertension XXV. Circ Res 40 (Suppl 1): 98–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamler J (1978) Discussion of the lecture by Kannel WB. In: Mitchell Perry H Jr, McFate Smith W (eds) Mild hypertension: to treat or not to treat. Ann NY Acad Sci 304: 144–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamler J (1979) Discussion: the rewards of effective antihypertensive therapy. In: Hunt JC et al. (eds) Hypertension update. Dialogues in hypertension. Continuing medical education symposium, Wahington, DC, May 9–11,1979. Health Learning Systems

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Monthly Bulletin (1973) December. Statistical Federal Office, Wiesbaden

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Monthly Bulletin (1980) December. Statistical Federal Office, Wiesbaden

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong JP, Guzman MA (1980) Decrease in coronary atherosclerosis in New Orleans. Lab Invest 43: 297–301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strong JP, Guzman MA, Tracy RE, Newman WP III, Oalsmann MC (1979) Is coronary atherosclerosis decreasing in the USA? Lancet 2: 1294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strong JP, Guzman MA, Tracy RE, Newman WP III, Oalsmann MC (1979) Is coronary atherosclerosis decreasing in the USA? Lancet 2: 1294

    Google Scholar 

  • The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents (1967) Effects of treatment on morbidity and hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 115 through 129 mmHg. JAMA 202: 166

    Google Scholar 

  • The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents (1967) Effects of treatment on morbidity and hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 115 through 129 mmHg. JAMA 202: 166

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker WJ (1983) Changing US life style and declining vascular mortality–a retrospective. N Engl J Med 308: 649–651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RR, Sorlie PD, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Kannel WB, Dawber TR (1981) Cancer incidence by levels of cholesterol. JAMA 45: 247–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Heyden, S. (1985). Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease. In: Abshagen, U. (eds) Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 76. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69524-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69524-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69526-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69524-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics