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General Enzymology of the Lung

  • Chapter
Toxicology of Inhaled Materials

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 75))

Abstract

It is now well documented that biochemical and enzymatic changes occur in lung tissue in response to injury. The reaction of inhaled toxic agents with lung tissue is often regional. Depending upon the solubility, reactivity, and other physical and chemical properties, the toxic agents may react variably with the airway epithelium, terminal bronchioles, and/or alveolar parenchyma as they travel through the conducting airways to the gas exchange area. The regional or focal nature of injury tends to lower the sensitivity of quantitative biochemical and enzymatic changes. Lung tissue preparations generally include both injured and uninjured portions of lung tissue, thus diluting the effects. Quantitative determinations are convenient with high level exposures, which cause massive lung injury, producing large changes in enzymatic and other biochemical parameters. When focal or subtle changes occur with low level exposures, quantitative expressions become difficult, but are still possible if a set of sensitive parameters can be examined, or a battery of tests can be carried out. Measurements of a variety of parameters will have the virtue that all biochemical and enzymatic parameters do not change to the same extent, and some may not change at all. It is from a plot of all the parameters examined that a definitive answer can be derived whether or not a given toxic agent has produced lung injury.

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  1. M. G. Mustafa
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Toxicology, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box Y, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

    Hanspeter Witschi M.D. (Section Head) (Section Head)

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Physiology, Harvard University School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Joseph D. Brain S.D. in Hyg. (Professor of Physiology, Director, Respiratory Biology Program) (Professor of Physiology, Director, Respiratory Biology Program)

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Mustafa, M.G. (1985). General Enzymology of the Lung. In: Witschi, H., Brain, J.D. (eds) Toxicology of Inhaled Materials. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 75. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69521-6_13

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