Skip to main content

Morphometry of the Alveolar Region of the Lung

  • Chapter
Toxicology of Inhaled Materials

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 75))

Abstract

Morphometry is the quantitation of shapes or structures as they exist in three dimensions derived from analysis of two-dimensional profiles taken through these structures. Volumes, surface areas, thicknesses, and numerical densities of tissue structures are the most common measurements made using morphometric techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bachofen M, Weibel ER (1977) Alterations of the gas exchange apparatus in adult respiratory insufficiency associated with septicemia. Am Rev Respir Dis 116:589–615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry BE, Miller FJ, Crapo JD (1983) Alveolar epithelial injury caused by inhalation of 0.25 ppm of ozone. In: Lee SO, Mustafa MG, Mehlman MA (eds) Adv Mod Envir Tox 5. Princeton Scientific Publishers, Princeton, pp 299–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett D (1970) Postnatal growth of the mammalian lung: influence of low and high oxygen tensions. Respir Physiol 9:58–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burri PH, Weibel ER (1977) Ultrastructure and morphometry of the developing lung. In: Hodson WA (ed) The development of the lung. Dekker, New York, p 215

    Google Scholar 

  • Burri PH, Dbaly J, Weibel ER (1974) The postnatal growth of the rat lung. I. Morphometry. Anat Ree 178:711–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran WG (1963) Sampling techniques, 2nd edition. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Crapo JD, Crapo RO (1983) Comparison of total lung diffusion capacity and the membrane component of diffusion capacity as determined by physiologic and morphometric techniques. Respir Physiol 51:183–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crapo JD, Peters-Golden J, Marsh-Salin J, Shelburne JS (1978) Pathologic clianges in the lungs of oxygen-adapted rats. A morphometric analysis. Lab Invest 39:640–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crapo JD, Barry BE, Foscue HA, Shelburne J (1980) Structural and biochemical changes in rat lungs occurring during exposures to lethal and adaptive doses of oxygen. Am Rev Respir Dis 122:123–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crapo JD, Barry BE, Gehr P, Bachofen M, Weibel ER (1982) Cell numbers and cell characteristics of the normal human lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 126:332–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crapo JD, Young SL, Fram EK, Pinkerton KE, Barry BE, Crapo RO (1983) Morphometric characteristics of cells in the alveolar region of mammalian lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis 128:S42-S46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crapo RO, Crapo JD, Morris AH (1982) Lung tissue and capillary blood volumes by rebreathing and morphometric techniques. Respir Physiol 49:175–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies G, Reid L (1970) Growth of the alveoli and pulmonary arteries in childhood. Thorax 25:669–681

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeHoff RT, Rhines FN (1968) Quantitative Microscopy. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunnill MS (1962) Quantitative methods in the study of pulmonary pathology. Thorax 17:320–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnill MS (1962) Postnatal growth of the lung. Thorax 17:329–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elias H (1967) Stereology. Proceedings of the second international conference for stereology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Eränkö O (1955) Quantitative methods in histology and microscopic histochemistry. Little, Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehr P, Weibel ER (1974) Morphometric estimation of regional differences in the dog lung. J Appl Physiol 37:648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glazier JB, Hughes JMB, Maloney JE, West JB (1967) Vertical gradient of alveolar size in lungs of dogs frozen intact. J Appl Physiol 23:694

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greeley D, Crapo JD (1978) Practical approach to the estimation of the overall mean caliper diameter of a population of spheres. J Microsc 114:261–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greeley D, Crapo JD, Vollmer R (1978) Estimation of the mean caliper diameter of cell nuclei: I. Serial section reconstruction method and endothelial nuclei from human lung. J Microsc 114:31–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson HJG (1977) Notes on the estimation of the numerical density of arbitrary profiles: the edge effect. J Microsc 111:219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haies DM, Gil J, Weibel ER (1981) Morphometric study of rat lung cells. I. Numerical and dimensional characteristics of parenchymal cell population. Am Rev Respir Dis 123:533–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayatdavoudi G, Crapo JD, Miller FJ, O’Neil J J (1980) Factors determining degree of inflation in intratracheally fixed rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 48(2):389–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig A (1956) Bestimmung der Oberfläche beliebig geformter Körper mit besonderer

    Google Scholar 

  • Anwendung auf Körperhaufen im mikroskopischen Bereich. Mikroskopie 11:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyde D, Orthoefer J, Dungworth D, Tyler W, Carter R, Lum H (1978) Morphometric and morphologic evaluation of pulmonary lesions in beagle dogs chronically exposed to high ambient levels of air pollutants. Lab Invest 38:455–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapanci Y, Weibel ER, Kaplan HP, Robinson FR (1969) Pathogenesis and reversibility of the pulmonary lesions of oxygen toxicity in monkeys. II. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies. Lab Invest 20:101–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman SL, Burri PH, Weibel ER (1974) The postnatal growth of the rat lung. II. Autoradiography. AnatRec 180:63–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp MK, Crapo JD (1984) Morphometry of the normal baboon lung, (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  • Loud AV, Anversa P, Giacomelli F, Wiener J (1978) Absolute morphometric study of myocardial hypertrophy in experimental hypertension. I. Determination of myocyte size. Lab Invest 38:586–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathieu O, Classen H, Weibel ER (1978) Differential effect of glutaraldehyde and buffer osmolarity on cell dimensions. A study on lung tissue. J Ultrastruct Res 63:20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkerton KE, Barry BE, O’Neil JJ, Raub JA, Pratt PC, Crapo JD (1982) Morphologic changes in the lung during the lifespan of Fischer 344 rats. Am J Anat 164:155–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkerton KE, Pratt PC, Brody AR, Crapo JD (1984) Fiber localization and its relationship to lung reaction in rats after chronic inhalation of chrysotile asbestos. Amer. J. Path. 117:142–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Roughton FJW, Forster RE (1957) Relative importance of diffusion and chemical reaction rates in determining rate of exchange of gases in the human lung, with special reference to true diffusing capacity of pulmonary membrane and volume of blood in the lung capillaries. J Appl Physiol 11:290–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snider GL, Korthy AL (1978) Internal surface area and number of respiratory air spaces in elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters. Am Rev Respir Dis 117:685–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thurlbeck WM (1967) The internal surface area of nonempysematous lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis 95:756–773

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomkeieff SI (1945) Linear intercepts, areas and volumes. Nature 155:24,107

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood EE (1970) Quantitative stereology. Addision-Wesley, Reading Vidic B, Burn PH (1981) Quantitative cellular and subcellular changes in the rat type II pneumoeyte during early postnatal development. Am Rev Respir Dis 124:174–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER (1963) Morphometry of the human lung. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER (1970) An automatic samling stage microscope for stereology. J Microsc 91:1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER (1971) Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. I. Model and method. Respir Physiol 11:54–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER (1979) Stereologieal methods, vol 1 and 2. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER, Gomez DM (1962) A principle for counting tissue structures on random sections. J Appl Physiol 17(2):343–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER, Knight BW (1964) A morphometric study on the thickness of the pulmonary air-blood barrier. J Cell Biol 21:367–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams DA (1972) The comparison of several dose levels with a zero dose control. Biometrics 28:519–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woody DM, Woody EZ, Crapo JD (1979) Determination of the mean caliper diameter of lung nuclei by a method which is independent of shape assumptions. J Microsc 118:421–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young SL, Crapo JD, Kremers SA, Brumley GW (1982) Pulmonary surfactant lipid production in oxygen-exposed rat lungs. Lab Invest 46:570–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pinkerton, K.E., Crapo, J.D. (1985). Morphometry of the Alveolar Region of the Lung. In: Witschi, H., Brain, J.D. (eds) Toxicology of Inhaled Materials. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 75. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69521-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69521-6_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69523-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69521-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics