Skip to main content

Acetylurea Derivatives

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 74))

Abstract

Phenacemide (Phenurone, phenylacetylurea) was the prototype of the first group of anticonvulsant substances to depart from the traditional barbiturate, hydantoin, and oxazolidinedione ring structures characteristic of antiepileptic drugs in use prior to 1948. These noncyclic ureides may be considered analogues of their corresponding ring structures. Thus, phenacemide is a straight-chain analogue of 5-phenylhydantoin (opened between the number-5 carbon and the adjacent nitrogen). Other antiepileptic straight-chain analogues of hydantoins, available in various countries, include pheneturide (Benuride), chlorphenacemide (Comitia- don), and acetylpheneturide (Crampol).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albertson TE, Peterson SL, Stark LG (1980) Anticonvulsant drugs and their antagonism of kindled amygdaloid seizures in rats. Neuropharmacology 19: 643–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asher DT, Taylor JD, Richards RK (1953) Excretion of radioactive C14 by rats given C14-phenurone (phenacetylurea). Fed Proc 12: 299

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton D, Wauquier A (1979) Behavioral analysis of the effects of 15 anticonvulsants in the amygdaloid kindled rat. Psychopharmacology 65: 7–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babington RG, Wedeking PW (1973) The pharmacology of seizures induced by sensitization with low intensity brain stimulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1: 461–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camerman A, Camerman N (1977) Ethylphenacemide and phenacemide: Conformational similarities to diphenylhydantoin and stereochemical basis of anticonvulsant activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1264–1266

    Google Scholar 

  • Close WJ, Spielman MA (1961) Anticonvulsant drugs. In: Hartung WH (ed) Medicinal chemistry, vol 5. Wiley, New York, pp 1–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Coatsworth J J, Penry KJ (1972) General principles: clinical efficacy and use. In: Woodbury DM, Penry KJ, Schmidt RP (eds) Antiepileptic drugs. Raven, New York, pp 87–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Consroe P, Kudray K. Schmitz R (1980) Acute and chronic antiepileptic drug effects in audiogenic seizure-susceptible rats. Exp Neurol 70: 626–637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson DLW, Tsukada Y, Barbeua A (1978) Quabain induced seizures: site of production and response to anticonvulsants. J Can Sci Neurol 5: 405–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson DT, Lennox WG (1950) Phenacetylurea - phenurone - in epilepsy. Dis Nerv Syst 11: 167–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Everett GM (1949) Pharmacological studies on phenacetylurea (phenurone), an anticonvulsant drug. Fed Proc 8: 289

    Google Scholar 

  • Everett GM, Richards RK (1952) Pharmacological studies of phenacetylurea (phenurone), an anticonvulsant drug. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 106: 303–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field JB, Justi RA (1954) Fatal hepatitis after phenurone therapy for epilepsy. N Engl J Med 251: 147–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forster FM, Frankel K (1949) Fatal aplastic anemia during anti-convulsant therapy. Dis Nerv Syst 10: 108–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frommel E, Gold-Aubert P, Fleury C (1959) Pharmacological study of dextrorotatory and levorotatory pheneturide. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 122: 15–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galeazzi RL, Egli M, Wad N (1979) Pharmacokinetics of phenylethylacetylurea (pheneturide), an old antiepileptic drug. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 7: 453–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs FA, Everett GM, Richards RK (1949) Phenurone in epilepsy. Dis Nerv Syst 10: 2–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasson B, Lerch P, Benakis A (1960) Metabolisme et excretion comparee de quelque medicaments anticonvulsant. Therapie 18: 1483–1491

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazard R, Cheymol J, Chabrier P, Smarzewska K (1951) Action anticonvulsivante et structure moleculaire de quelques composes heterocycliques pentagonaux. VIII. Influence de pouserture du noyau. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’A-cademie des Science 232: 658–660

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton GW, Richens A (1974) The effect of benzodiazepines and pheneturide on phenytoin metabolism in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1: 344–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Huisman JW, Van Heycop Ten Ham MW, Van Zijl CHW (1970) Influence of ethyl-phenacemide on serum levels of other antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 11: 207–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Job C, Lindinger H, Zellner H (1954) Phenyl-alpha-chloracetylharnstoff ( Comitiadon) ein neues Antiepileptikum bei psychomotorischen und petit-mal-Anfallen. Wien Med Wochenschr 104: 911–917

    Google Scholar 

  • Krall RL, Penry JK, White BG, Kupferberg HJ, Swinyard EA (1978) Antiepileptic drug development. II. Anticonvulsant drug screening. Epilepsia 19: 409–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham AN, Richens A (1973) Pheneturide, a more potent liver enzyme inducer in man than phenobarbitone? Br J Clin Pharmacol 47: 615

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham AN, Sweeney GD (1967) Binding of anticonvulsant drugs to cytochrome P-450: Correlation with evidence of induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 54: 844–849

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy RW, Simons DJ, Aronson S (1950) Fatal hepatorenal syndrome associated with phenurone therapy. N Engl J Med 243: 933–936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liversedge LA, Yates PO, Lempert H (1952) Acute yellow atrophy of the liver following treatment with phenylacetylurea. Lancet 1: 242–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston S, Kajdi L (1950) The use of phenurone in the treatment of epilepsy. J Pediatr 36: 159–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier J (1973) Chemical compounds possessing anticonvulsant activity. Structure-activity relationships. International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics: 203–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray WJ, Kier LB (1977) Noncyclic anticonvulsants. In: Vida JA (ed) Medicinal chemistry, vol 15. Wiley, New York, pp 577–619

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura K, Kurebe M (1962) Differential effects of anti-epileptic drugs on hippocampal and pallidal after-discharge in cats. Jpn J Pharmacol 12: 180–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura K, Murai K, Nakatsuji K, Kobayashi M, Masuda Y, Kadokawa T, Soji Y, Nakamura H, Hirooka T, Senda H (1968) Neuropharmacological and toxicological studies on a new anti-epileptic, N-α-ethyl-phenylacetyl-N-acetyl urea, in experimental animals. Arzneimittelforsch 18: 524–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orloff MK, Feldman PE, Shaiova CH, Pfeiffer CC (1951) Anticonvulsant and toxic effects of alpha-phenyl-butyryl urea. Neurology 1: 377–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters JJ, Vonderahe AR (1953) Effect of themisone and phenurone on electrically-induced seizures in salamander. Neurology 3: 890–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards RK (1979) Effects of phenacemide and primidone on plasma creatinine in humans and experimental animals. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 308:(Suppl)R25

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards RK (1980) Structure-activity relationships in the effects of phenacemide analogs on serum creatinine and anticonvulsant activity. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 244: 107–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards RK, Bjornsson TD, Waterbury LD (1978) Rise in serum and urine creatinine after phenacemide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 23: 430–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rising TJ (1979) Effects of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the endogenous substrates vitamin D3 and folate in rat. Biochem Pharmacol 28: 63–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roldan CM, Rabadan FP, Galan J (1977) Modification of clonazepam anticonvulsive activity by its association with other anti-epileptic drugs. Experientia 33: 640–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson TW, Wilson EB, Zimmerman SL (1950) Fatal aplastic anemia occurring during anticonvulsant therapy: probable idiosyncrasy to phenurone. Ann Intern Med 32: 1224–1228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spielman MA (1948) Some anticonvulsants. First National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium of the American Chemical Society, Ann Arbor, Michigan, p 119

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielman MA, Geiszler AO, Close WJ (1948) Anticonvulsant drugs. II. Some acylureas. J Am Chem Soc 70: 4189–4191

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoughton RW (1938) Diacylureas. I. Preparation and properties of diacylureas derived from normal aliphatic acids. J Org Chem 2: 514–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strotzka VH (1955) Ein neues Antiepileptikum (Comitiadon). Wien Med Wochenschr 105: 137–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swinyard EA (1949) Laboratory assay of clinically effective antiepileptic drugs. J Am Pharm Assoc Sci Ed 38: 201–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swinyard EA, Brown WC, Goodman LS (1952) Comparative assays of antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 106: 319–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swinyard EA, Toman JEP (1950) A comparison of the anticonvulsant actions of some phenylhydantoins and their corresponding phenylacetylureas. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 100: 151–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swinyard EA, Madsen J A, Goodman LS (1954) The effect of β-diethylaminoethylpropylacetate (SKF No. 525A) on the anticonvulsant properties of antiepileptic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 111: 54–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsumi K, Yoshimura H, Tsukamoto H (1967) Metabolism of drugs - LVI. The metabolic fate ofphenacetylurea. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 16: 1941–1951

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatsumi K, Yoshihara S, Yamato C, Yoshimura H, Tsukamoto H (1969) Metabolism of drugs. LXIV. Species differences of metabolism of phenacetylurea. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 17: 1629–1635

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler MW, King EQ (1951) Phenacemide in treatment of epilepsy. JAMA 147: 17–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volwiler EH, Tabern DL (1936) Some alkyl and aryl amides and ureides as hypnotics. J Am Chem Soc 58: 1352–1354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver LC, Swinyard EA, Goodman LS (1958) Anticonvulsant drug combinations: Diphenylhydantoin combined with other antiepileptics. J Am Pharm Assoc Sci Ed 47: 645–648

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner EA (1916) The constitution of carbamides. Part III. The reaction of urea and thiourea with acetic anhydride. J Chem Soc 109: 1127

    Google Scholar 

  • Young DS, Pestaner LC, Gibberman V (1975) Effects of drugs on clinical laboratory tests. Clin Chem 21: 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeifert M (1949) Phenurone in epilepsy. Dis Nerv Syst 10: 245–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Swinyard, E.A. (1985). Acetylurea Derivatives. In: Frey, HH., Janz, D. (eds) Antiepileptic Drugs. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 74. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69518-6_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69518-6_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69520-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69518-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics