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Role of Blood Flow in Intestinal Permeation

  • Chapter
Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 70 / 2))

Abstract

The net transfer of a substance from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal venous blood can be defined as intestinal absorption. The substances, drugs and nutrients, permeate from the bulk phase of the luminal fluid through the unstirred fluid layer adjacent to the mucosal surface to the intestinal cells (Fig. 1). The intestinal epithelium is passed on cellular and/or paracellular pathways by passive and active transport mechanisms, respectively. After having traversed the subepithelial interstitial space and the capillary walls, the molecules are picked up by the blood in the subepithelial capillaries. Finally the drugs and nutrients appear in the intestinal venous blood, eventually together with their metabolites. In rodents the intestinal wall is thin, so that a small fraction of the substances is not drained by the blood, but reaches the serosal side. Usually this fraction penetrates into neighbouring intestinal segments or into the peritoneum, appearing finally in the systemic blood. Under experimental conditions, if the intestinal segment is placed outside the abdominal cavity, this fraction enters the tissue covering the intestine or the solution bathing the segment (Ochsenfahrt 1971, 1979). Permeation from the intestinal lumen into the serosal fluid is the pathway when the intestinal

Schematic view of intestinal permeation and drainage by blood. UL, unstirred fluid layer adjacent to mucosal surface; E, epithelium; CW, capillary wall; DL, deeper layers of intestinal wall; Φ L/I , disappearance rate from intestinal lumen; Φ I/B , appearance rate in intestinal venous blood; Φ I/S , appearance rate in serosal fluid; α, fraction of subepithelial blood flow rate or absorption site blood flow rate; ̇V B , total blood flow rate of intestinal segment

segment is excised and investigated in vitro. According to the quantity measured we distinguish: the disappearance rate from the intestinal lumen, the appearance rate in the intestinal venous blood and the appearance rate in the serosal fluid (Fig. 1).

This chapter submitted in April 1980 covers the literature up to 1979

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  1. D. Winne
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  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Tihamér Z. Csáky M.D. (Professor of Pharmacology) (Professor of Pharmacology)

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Winne, D. (1984). Role of Blood Flow in Intestinal Permeation. In: Csáky, T.Z. (eds) Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 70 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69508-7_6

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