Zusammenfassung
Die erste Herztransplantation wurde 1905 durchgeführt, als Carrel und Guthrie ein Hundeherz an die Halsgefäße eines zweiten Hundes anastomosierten. Dieses heterotope (d. h. außerhalb der normalen Position liegende) Herz schlug für etwa 2 Stunden (Carrel u. Guthrie 1905). Während der nächsten 55 Jahre wurden heterotope Herztransplantationen im Hals, Abdomen und Thorax durchgeführt, ohne daß es zu einer längeren Überlebenszeit des Transplantates kam (Übersicht bei Griepp et al. 1972). 1960 entwickelten Lower und Shumway die heute noch angewandte Operationstechnik, bei der die Vorhöfe des Empfängers in situ belassen wurden. Dies führte zu einer schnelleren und einfacheren Operation mit geringeren Blutungskomplikationen (Lower u. Shumway 1960). Am Hundemodell wurden in den 60er Jahren entscheidende Erkenntnisse über die Diagnose und Behandlung der akuten und der chronischen Abstoßungsreaktion gewonnen (Kosek et al. 1968). Im Januar 1964 wurde der erste Versuch gemacht, ein menschliches Herz zu ersetzen: bei einem 68-jährigen Mann wurde das Herz durch ein Schimpansenherz ersetzt (Hardy et al. 1964). Das Herz versagte jedoch 1 Stunde nach der Transplantation.
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Gohlke, H. (1984). Herztransplantation. In: Roskamm, H., et al. Koronarerkrankungen. Handbuch der inneren Medizin, vol 9 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69451-6_43
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