Abstract
Study of the annual reports of two large European ports, London and Rotterdam, shows that most of the infectious diseases among seamen diminished greatly after World War II [1; 8]. However, not all infectious diseases have shown such a favourable decline; this is especially true of sexually transmitted diseases, which, after a steep fall in the period after the war, continue to pose a serious problem. A number of explanations can be suggested for the remarkable downward trend of many infectious diseases. For instance, the total number of men employed at sea decreased steadily during this period and the length of stay of ships in ports was, in general, shortened. This, together with the location of newly built ports (mostly with better environmental hygienic conditions) far from population concentrations in cities, diminished exposure to the sometimes poor local endemic situations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Annual reports of the medical officer of health for the Port and City of London. London: Corp. of London Port Health Authority 1950–1980.
Bruce-Chwatt, L.J.: Essential malariology. London: Heinemann Medical Books 1980.
Control of communicable diseases in man. Ed.: A. S. Benenson. Official report of the Amer. Publ. Health Ass. Washington 1980. p. 31.
Davies, J. W., K. C. Cox, W. R. Simon et al.: Typhoid at sea: an epidemic aboard an ocean liner. Canad. med. Ass. J. 1061, 877–883 (1972).
Functioning of the international health regulations for the period 1 January to 31 December 1979. Wkly. epidem. Rec. 55, 49, 377–384 (1980).
Germanier, R. and E. Furer: Isolation and characterization of Gal E mutant Ty 21a of salmonella typhi; a candidate strain for a live, oral typhoid vaccine. J. infect. Dis. 131, 553–558 (1975).
International Health Regulation 1969. 2nd ann. edn. Geneva: WHO 1974.
Jaarverslag 1945–1980. Ed.: Gemeentelijke Geneeskundige en Gezondheidsdienst. Rotterdam: Gemeentedrukkerij 1946–1981.
Knight, V.: Tuberculosis afloat. J. Amer. med. Ass. 203, 154–155 (1968).
Levine, M. M. and R. B. Hornick: Immunology of enteric pathogens. In: Comprehensive Immunology. Vol. 8, part 1. Eds.: R. A. Good and S. B. Day. New York: Plenum Med. Books 1981. p. 249
Merson, M.H., J. M. Hughes, B. T. Wood et al.: Gastrointestinal illness on passenger cruise ships. J. Amer. med. Ass. 231, 7, 723–727 (1975).
Merson, M. H., J. H. Tenney, J. D. Meyers et al.: Shigellosis at sea: an outbreak aboard a passenger cruise ship. Amer. J. Epidem. 101, 2, 165–175 (1975).
Requirements for cholera vaccine. (Requirements for biological substances No.4). Revised 1968. In: WHO expert committee on biological standardization. Twenty-first report. Annex 1. Geneva: WHO 1969. pp. 27–44. (WHO Technical Report Series No.413).
Requirements for cholera vaccine. (Requirements for biological substances No.4). In: WHO expert committee on biological standardization. Twenty-fifth report. Annex 2. Geneva: WHO 1973. pp. 18–21. (Technical Report Series No. 530).
Resolution WHA 33.3 In: WHO Handbook of resolutions and decisions. Geneva: WHO 1980.
Schultz, M. G., S. N. Cohen, W. Greifinger et al.: An outbreak of malaria on shipboard. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 16, 5, 576–579 (1967).
Survey of the incidence of gastro-intestinal illness in cruise ship passengers. Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep. 23, 65–66 (1974).
Travel information manual. A joint publication of fourteen IATA Airlines. Amsterdam, May 1982. p. 12.
Wandan, M.H., C. Serié, Y. Cerisier et al.: A controlled field trial of live salmonella typhi Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results. J. infect. Dis. 145, 292–295 (1982).
Woodruff, A. W. and S. Bell: A synopsis of infectious and tropical diseases. 2nd edn. Bristol: Wright 1978. p. 18.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huisman, J. (1984). Infectious Diseases — Vaccination and Passive Immunization. In: Goethe, W.H.G., Watson, E.N., Jones, D.T. (eds) Handbook of Nautical Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69415-8_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69415-8_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69417-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69415-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive