Abstract
First, the word “document” is defined. “Optical methods” are described in a survey of classical as well as the most recent methods and techniques in the field. The paper does not include any new and original methods or techniques, but describes recent studies carried out in the field of questioned-document examination. The basic concepts of questioned-document examination, the examination of dimensions and shapes, of structures, and of colors and tones are considered along with the various techniques of modern photography and of examining in reflected light, in grazing light, and in transmitted light as well as the techniques of ultraviolet fluorescence, ultraviolet reflexion, infrared absorption, and infrared luminescence and the use of various modern apparatus such as the comparison macro-micro-projector, scanning electron microscope, and microspectrophotometer.
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Mathyer, J. (1988). Optical Methods in the Examination of Questioned Documents. In: Maehly, A., Williams, R.L. (eds) Forensic Science Progress. Forensic Science Progress, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69403-5_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69403-5_2
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