Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cytometric Analysis of Mammalian Sperm for Induced Morphologic and DNA Content Errors

  • Conference paper
Biological Dosimetry

Abstract

Among the signatures of reproductive toxicity of chemical and physical agents are alterations in morphology and/or DNA content of sperm. Sperm based assays for reproductive effects are attractive because of the potential for obtaining samples for monitoring human populations. Visual analysis of sperm morphology has been used for many years as one component of semen assessment. More recently it has been found that shape abnormalities are induced by exposure of animals to a wide range of agents [27, 28] and there is evidence for elevated levels of abnormally shaped sperm in men exposed to drugs or chemical agents in the work place [29]. Experienced observers are consistent in classifying sperm according to shape but classification criteria may differ among them. Additionally there are important aspects of sperm shape which humans can’t discriminate well. These considerations have led to efforts to develop quantitative morphologic analysis procedures. These procedures lend themselves to automation, so that once their value is established the time required for large numbers of analyses may be greatly reduced.

Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Beaty RA, Fechheimer NS (1972) Diploid spermatozoa in rabbit semen and their experimental separation from haploid spermatozoa. Bio of Reprod 7:267–277

    Google Scholar 

  2. Benaron DA, Gray JW, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Wyrobek AJ, Young IT (1982) Quantification of mammalian sperm morphology by slit-scan flow cytometry. Cytometry 2:344–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Brandriff B, Gordon L, Watchmaker G, Ashworth L, Carrano A, Wyrobek AJ (1982) Analysis of sperm chromosomes in normal healthy men using the human-sperm/hamster-egg in vitro fertilization system. Abstracts Amer Soc Human Genet 33rd Ann Mtg, Detroit, Mich., Sept. 29-Oct. 2, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brandriff B, Gordon L, Carrano AV, Ashworth L, Watchmaker G, Wyrobek AJ (1983) Direct analysis of human sperm chromosomes: comparison among four individuals (in preparation)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bruce WR, Furrer R, Wyrobek AJ (1974) Abnormalities in the shape of murine sperm after acute testicular x-irradiation. Mutat Res 23:381–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chandley AC, Speed RM (1979) Testing for nondisjunction in the mouse. Environ Health Pers-pect 31:123–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fraser LR, Maudlin I (1979) Analysis of aneuploidy in first-cleavage mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo. Environ Health Perspect 31:141–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Garner DL, Gledhill BL, Pinkel D, Lake S, Stephenson D, Van Dilla MA, Johnson LA (1983) Quantification of the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa of domestic animals by flow cytometry. Biol Reprod 28:312–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gledhill BL (1964) Cytophotometry of presumed diploid bull spermatozoa. Nord Vet-Med 17: 328–335

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hacker-Klom U (1984) In: Eisert WG, Mendelsohn ML (eds) Biological Dosimetry. Cytometric Approaches to Mammalian Systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo p 127

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hacker U, Schumann J, Göhde W, Müller K 1981) Mammalian spermatogenesis as a biological dosimeter for radiation. Acta Radiol Oncology 20:279–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hansmann I, Probeck HD (1979) Detection of nondisjunction in mammals. Environ Health Perspect 31:161–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Illisson L (1969) Spermatozoal head dimensions in two inbred strains of mice and their F1 and F2 progenies. Australian J Biol Sci 22:947–963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Martin RH, Lin CC, Balkan W, Burns K (1982) Direct chromosomal analysis of human spermatozoa: preliminary results from 18 normal men. Am J Hum Genet 34:459–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Meistrich ML, Göhde W, White RA (1978) Resolution of X and Y spermatids by pulse cytophotometry. Nature 274:821–823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Moore II DH, Bennett DH, Kranzler D, Wyrobek AJ (1982) Quantitative methods of measuring the sensitivity of the mouse sperm morphology assay. Analyt and Quant Cytol 4:199–206

    Google Scholar 

  17. Otto FJ, Hacker U, Zante J, Schumann J, Göhde W, Meistrich ML (1979) Flow cytometry of human spermatozoa. Histochemistry 62:249–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pinkel D, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Stephenson D, Van Dilla MA (1982) Sex preselection in mammals? Separation of sperm bearing Y and “O” chromosomes in the vole Microtus oregoni Science 218:904–906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pinkel D, Gledhill BL, Van Dilla MA, Lake S, Wyrobek AJ (1983) Radiation-induced DNA content variability in mouse sperm. Radiat Res 95:550–565

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pinkel D, Lake S, Gledhill BL, Van Dilla MA, Stephenson D, Watchmaker G (1982) High resolution DNA content measurements of mammalian sperm. Cytometry 3:1–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Searle AG, Beechey CV, Green D, Humphreys ER (1976) Cytogenetic effects of protracted exposures to alpha-particles from plutonium-239 and to gamma-rays from cobalt-60 compared in male mice. Mutat Res 41:297–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Szmere G, Chandley AC (1975) Trisomy and triploidy induced by x-irradiation of mouse spermatocytes. Mutat Res 33:229–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tates AD (1979) Microtus oeconomus (Rodentia), a useful mammal for studying the induction of sex-chromosome nondisjunction and diploid gametes in male sperm cells. Environ Health Perspect 31:151–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tates AD, Pearson PL, Geraedts JPM (1975) Identification of X and Y spermatozoa in the northern vole Microtus oeconomus. J Reprod Fertil 42:195–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tates AD, Pearson PL, Ploeg Mvd, de Vogel N (1979) The induction of sex-chromosomal nondisjunction and diploid spermatids following x-irradiation of pre-spermatid stages in the northern vole Microtus oeconomus, Mutat Res 61:87–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Van Dilla MA, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Dean PN, Gray JW, Kacher V, Barlogie B, Göhde W (1977) Measurement of mammalian sperm deoxyribonucleic acid by flow cytometry — problems and approaches. J Histochem Cytochem 25:763–773

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wyrobek AJ, Bruce WR (1978) The induction of sperm shape abnormalities in mice and humans. In: Hollaender A, de Serres F (eds) Chemical mutagens, Vol 5. Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, p. 257

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wyrobek AJ, Gordon LA, Burkhart JG, Francis MW, Kapp RW, Letz G, Mailing HV, Topham JC, Whorton MD (1983) An evaluation of the mouse sperm morphology test and other sperm tests in nonhuman mammals. Mutat Res 115:1–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wyrobek AJ, Gordon LA, Burkhart JG, Francis MW, Kapp RW, Letz G, Mailing HV, Topham JC, Whorton MD (1983) An evaluation of human sperm as indicators of chemically induced alterations of spermatogenic function. Mutat Res 115:73–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Young IT, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Wyrobek AJ (1982) Quantitative analysis of radiation induced changes in sperm morphology. Analyt and Quant Cytol 4:207–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Division, University of California, P.O. Box 5507 L-452, Livermore, California, 94550, USA

    Daniel Pinkel

Authors
  1. Daniel Pinkel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Arbeitsgruppe Zytometrie, Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 3000, Hannover 21, Germany

    Wolfgang G. Eisert

  2. Biologische Forschung, Dr. K. Thomae GmbH, 7950, Biberach-Riss, Germany

    Wolfgang G. Eisert

  3. Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5570, 94550, Livermore, CA, USA

    Mortimer L. Mendelsohn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Pinkel, D. (1984). Cytometric Analysis of Mammalian Sperm for Induced Morphologic and DNA Content Errors. In: Eisert, W.G., Mendelsohn, M.L. (eds) Biological Dosimetry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69334-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69334-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-12790-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69334-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation