Zusammenfassung
Unter dem Begriff der „chronisch entzündlichen Darmkrankheiten” werden die Colitis ulcerosa, die Enterocolitis regionahs Crohn und die dazwischen liegenden, nicht sicher klassifizierbaren, akuten oder akut rezidivierenden Colitiden zusammengefaßt. Verursacht werden die chronisch entzündlichen Darmkrankheiten wahrscheinlich durch einen, vielleicht durch mehrere exogene Faktoren, die auf ein Immunsystem des Darmes treffen, das, genetisch bedingt, qualitativ anders reagiert als das normale Immunsystem. Ob es sich bei den exogenen Faktoren um Keime, um Viren oder um andere makromolekulare Körper handelt, ist zur Zeit wieder völhg offen [70]. Die Viren, die bei einer größeren Zahl von Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmkrankheiten nachgewiesen worden sind, wirken cytopathisch in Gewebskulturen, rufen aber beim Versuchstier keine Darmkrankheit hervor [11, 25]. Sie sind somit mit den chronisch entzündlichen Darmkrankheiten in irgendeiner Weise assoziiert, wahrscheinlich aber nicht deren Ursache. Ähnliches gilt für die von Parent et al. [54] sowie Belsheim et al. [4] aus entzündetem Gewebe gezüchteten pseudomonasähnlichen membrandefekten Keime. Wurden solche Keime in die Darmwand von Kaninchen eingebracht, kam es zu einer Vielzahl unspezifischer Veränderungen, nur vereinzelt aber zu Erkrankungen, die eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit mit der Enterocohtis regionahs Crohn oder der Colitis ulcerosa hatten.
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Fahrländer, H. (1983). Ätiopathogenese und Klinik der chronisch entzündlichen Darmkrankheiten. In: Ottenjann, R., Fahrländer, H. (eds) Entzündliche Erkrankungen des Dickdarms. Interdisziplinäre Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69062-4_16
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