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Spontane und evozierte elektrische Potentiale der Hirnrinde und deren neuronalen Grundlagen

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Cortex Cerebri

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Zusammenfassung

Aktivitätsänderungen corticaler Nervenzellen führen zu Potentialschwankungen, die abgeschwächt auch von der Oberfläche der Hirnrinde registriert werden können. Diese spontan auftretenden Potentialschwankungen werden als Elektroencephalogramm (EEG) bezeichnet. Nach ersten Beobachtungen bei Tieren von Caton (1875) wurden sie von Hans Berger bei Menschen (1920) registriert und systematisch untersucht, der 1929 eine erste Übersicht über die verschiedenen Grundtypen des EEG des Menschen gab (26). Es zeigte sich, daß bestimmte typische EEG-Muster bestimmten Leistungszuständen des Gehirns (Aufmerksamkeit, Dösen etc.), bestimmten Bewußtseinszuständen (Wachen, Schlafen, verschiedene Tiefen des Coma) und charakteristischen pathologischen Störungen (Epilepsie, Durchblutungsstörungen, Tumoren) zugeordnet werden können. Es fanden sich charakteristische interindividuelle Unterschiede zwischen den EEG verschiedener Menschen, bestimmte EEG- Muster sind über verschiedenen Hirnregionen unterschiedlich ausgeprägt und variieren charakteristisch mit dem Lebensalter. Doch sagt das EEG nichts über die differenzierte Leistung des Gehirns oder gar über Bewußtseinsinhalte aus. Die durch physiologische oder elektrische Reizung ausgelösten Potentialveränderungen der Hirnrinde werden als evozierte Potentiale (EP) bezeichnet.

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung für Neurobiologie, Postfach 2841, 3400, Göttingen, Germany

    Professor Dr. med. Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt

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  1. Professor Dr. med. Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt
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Creutzfeldt, O.D. (1983). Spontane und evozierte elektrische Potentiale der Hirnrinde und deren neuronalen Grundlagen. In: Cortex Cerebri. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68962-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68962-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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