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The Photoregulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis

  • Chapter
Photomorphogenesis

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 16))

Abstract

The anthocyanins (glycosilated anthocyanidins) are water-soluble, vacuolar pigments, responsible for the violet, blue, purple, dark red and scarlet coloration of fruits, flowers, stems and leaves in all orders of higher plants (Swain 1976), with one exception, the order Centrospermae, where the violet-red colors are due to a different group of water soluble vacuolar pigments, the betacyanins (Piattelli 1976). The anthocyanins form one group of a class of water-soluble pigments, the flavonoids, which include, beside the anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, cathechins, chalkones and others. The flavonoids share a common structural unit, the C6C3C6 skeleton of flavone (Swain 1976). The flavonoids are widespread throughout the plant kingdom and are rather abundant; it has been estimated that about 1.5% of the carbon fixed annually in photosynthesis is used for the synthesis of flavonoids (Smith 1972). The flavonoids are derivatives of cinnamic acid which is formed through the deamination of phenylalanine. The early steps in the conversion of phenylalanine to derivatives of cinnamic acids are common to the pathways for the biosynthesis of cinnamate esters, flavonoids and lignins; these early steps are known as the general phenylpropanoid metabolism. The enzymes that catalyze the individual early steps are: phenalalanine ammonialyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.11) and 4-courmarate: CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.12).

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Authors
  1. A. L. Mancinelli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Biology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    W. Shropshire Jr.

  2. Biologisches Institut II, Universität Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Schänzlestr. 1, D-7800, Freiburg, Germany

    H. Mohr

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© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Mancinelli, A.L. (1983). The Photoregulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis. In: Shropshire, W., Mohr, H. (eds) Photomorphogenesis. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68920-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68918-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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