Abstract
Knowledge about the influence of light on the form and function of plants developed over the last century. Phytochrome was recognized in 1949 as an essential absorber of light in these photomorphogenic processes. The recognition came entirely from logical deductions based on physiological responses of plants and their propagules. The discovery in 1952 of the photoreversibility of a potential response to light was the key factor leading to the present understanding of phytochrome action.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bert P (1870) Recherches sur les mouvements de la sensitive (Mimosa pudica L.). Mem Soc Sci Phys Nat Bordeaux 8:1–58
Birth GS (1960) Agricultural applications of the dual-monochrometer spectrometer. Agric Eng 41:432–435
Borthwick HA (1972) History of phytochrome. In: Mitrakos K, Shropshire W Jr (eds) Phytochrome. Academic Press, London New York, pp 3–23
Borthwick HA (1972) The biological significance of phytochrome. In: Mitrakos K, Shropshire W (eds) Phytochrome. Academic Press, London New York, pp 27–44
Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB, Parker MW (1948) Action spectrum for photoperiodic control of floral initiation of a long-day plant, Wintex barley (Hordeum vulgare). Bot Gaz 110:103–118
Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB, Parker MW (1952a) The reaction controlling floral initiation. Proc Natl Acad sci USA 38:929–934
Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB, Parker MW, Toole EH, Toole VK (1952b) A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 38:662–666
Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB, Toole EH, Toole VK (1954) Action of light on lettuce seed germination. Bot Gaz 115:205–225
Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB, Schneider MJ, Taylorson RB, Toole VK (1969) The high energy light action controlling plant responses and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 64:479–486
Bradbeer JW, Montes G (1976) The photocontrol of chloroplast development - ultra- structural aspects and photosynthetic activity. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development. Butterworth, London, pp 213–227
Briggs WR, Chon HP (1966) The physiological versus the spectrophotometric status of phytochrome in corn coleoptiles. Plant Physiol 41:1159–1166
Bünning E, Mohr H (1955) Das Aktionsspektrum von Lichteinfluß auf die Keimung von Farnsporen. Naturwissenschaften 42:212
Butler WL, Norris KH, Siegelman HW, Hendricks SB (1959) Detection, assay, and preliminary purification of the pigment controlling photoresponsive development of plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 45:1703–1708
Butler WL, Hendricks SB, Siegelman HW (1965) Purification and properties of phytochrome. In: Goodwin TW (ed) Biochemistry of plant pigments. Academic Press, London New York, pp 197–210
Campbell NA, Thomson WW (1977) Effects of lanthanum and ethylenediamine tetraacetate on leaf movement of Mimosa. Plant Physiol 60:635–639
Caspari R (1860) Bullardìa aquatica. Schriften Kon Physikal-Oekon Ges Königsberg 1:66–91
Cedei TE, Roux SJ (1980) Further characterization of the in vitro binding of phytochrome to a membrane fraction enriched for mitochondria. Plant Physiol 66:696–703
Chon HP, Briggs WR (1966) Effect of red light on the phototropic sensitivity of corn coleoptiles. Plant Physiol 41:1715–1724
Correli DL, Steers E, Towe KM, Shropshire W Jr (1968) Phytochrome in etiolated annual rye. IV. Physical and chemical characterization of phytochrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 168: 46–57
Correli DL, Edwards JL, Shropshire W Jr (1977) Phytochrome. Smithson Inst Press, Washington DC
Creasy L (1968) The significance of carbohydrate metabolism in flavonoid synthesis in strawberry leaf disks. Phytochemistry 7:1743–1749
Downs RJ, Siegelman HW (1963) Photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis in milo seedlings. Plant Physiol 38:25–30
Downs RJ, Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA (1957) Photoreversible control of elongation of Pinto beans and other plants under normal conditions of growth. Bot Gaz 118:199–208
Dreyer EM, Weisenseel MH (1979) Phytochrome-mediated uptake of calcium in Mougeotia cells. Planta 146:31–39
Etzold H (1965) Der Polarotropismus und Phototropismus der Chloronemen von Dryopteris filix-mas. Planta 64:254–280
Flint LH, McAlister ED (1937) Wave lengths in the visible spectrum inhibiting the germination of light-sensitive lettuce seeds. Smithson Mise Collect 96:1–8
Fondeville JC, Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB (1966) Leafletmo vement of Mimosa pudica L. I. Identification of phytochrome action. Planta 69:357–364
Fondeville JC, Schneider MJ, Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB (1967) Photocontrol in Mimosa pudica L. leaf movement. Planta 75:228–238
Galston AW, Satter RL (1976) Light, clocks and ion flux: An analysis of leaf movement. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development. Butterworth, London, pp 159–184
Garner WW, Allard HA (1920) Effect of the relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants. J Agric Res 18:553–606
Georgevich G, Cedei TE, Roux SJ (1977) Use of 125I-labeled phytochrome to quantitate phytochrome binding to membranes of Avena sativa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4439–4443
Gressel J, Quail PH (1976) Particle-bound phytochrome: differential pigment release by surfactants, ribonuclease and phospholipase C. Plant Cell Physiol 17:925–940
Grombein S, Rüdiger W, Zimmerman H (1975) The structure of the phytochrome chro- mophore in both photoreversible forms. Hoppe-Seyler’s Z Physiol Chem 356:1709–1714
Haber F, Fleischmann F (1906) The oxyhydrogen cell. I. Z Anorg Chem 51:245–288
Hampp R, Wellburn AR (1979) Control of mitochondrial activity by phytochrome during greening. Planta 147:229–235
Hartmann KM (1966) A general hypothesis to interpret “high energy phenomena” of photomorphogenesis on the basis of phytochrome. Photochem Photobiol 5:349–366
Haupt W: (1958) Hellrot-dunkelrot-Antagonismus bei der Auslösung der Chloroplasten- bewegung. Naturwissenschaften 45: 273–274
Haupt W (1970) Über den Dichroismus von Phytochrome 660 und Phytochrome 730 bei Mougeotia. Z Pflanzenphysiol 62:287–298
Haupt W (1971) Schwachlichtbewegung des Mougeotia-Chloroplasten im Blaulicht. Z Pflanzenphysiol 65:248–265
Haupt W (1972) Localization of phytochrome within the cell. In: Mitrakos K, Shropshire W Jr (eds) Phytochrome. Academic Press, London New York, pp 553–569
Haupt W, Schönbohm E (1970) Light-oriented plastid movements. In: Halldal P (ed) Photobiology of microorganisms. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 282–307
Heald F De F (1898) Conditions for the germination of the spores of bryophytes and pteridophytes. Bot Gaz 26:25–45
Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA (1954) Photoresponsive growth. In: Rudnik D (ed) Aspects of synthesis and order in growth. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton, pp 149–169
Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA (1967) The function of phytochrome in regulation of plant growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58:2125–2130
Hendricks SB, Taylorson RB (1978) Dependence of phytochrome action in seeds on membrane organization. Plant Physiol 61:17–18
Hendricks SB, Taylorson RB (1979) Dependence of thermal responses of seeds on membrane transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:778–781
Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA, Downs RJ (1956) Pigment conversion in the formative responses of plants to radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42:19–26
Hillman WS (1967) The physiology of phytochrome. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 18:301–324
Hillman WS (1972) On the physiological significance of in vivo phytochrome assay. In: Mitrakos K, Shropshire W Jr (eds) Phytochrome. Academic Press, London New York, pp 573–584
Hillman WS, Koukkari WL (1967) Phytochrome effects on the nyctinastic movements of Albizzia julibrissin and some other legumes. Plant Physiol 42:1413–1418
Hilton JR, Smith H (1980) The presence of phytochrome in purified barley etioplasts and its in vitro regulation of biologically active gibberellin levels in etioplasts. Planta 148:312–318
Hubbard DH (1952) Heterogeneous equilibria at the glass electrode-solution interface. J Res Nat Bureau Standards 48:428–437
Hunt RE, Pratt LH (1980) Partial characterization of undegraded oat phytochrome. Biochemistry 19:390–394
Jabben M (1980) The phytochrome system in light-grown Zea mays L. Planta 149:91–96
Jacobi H (1914) Wachstumsreaktionen von Keimlingen, hervorgerufen durch monochromatisches Licht. 1. Rot. Sitzungsber Akad Wisá Wien Math Naturwiss 123:617–631
Kinzel W (1908) Die Wirkung des Lichtes auf die Keimung. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 26:105–115, 631–645, 654–665
Klein RM, Edsall PC (1966) Substitution of redox potential for radiation in phytochrome mediated photomorphogenesis. Plant Physiol 41:949–952
Lagarias JC, Glazer AN, Rapoport H (1980) Chromopeptides from C-phycocyanin, structure and linkage of a phycocyano-bilin bound to the ß subunit. J Am Chem Soc 101:5030–5037
Lemberg R, Legge JW (1949) Hematin compounds and bile pigments. Wiley-Interscience, New York
Liverman JL (1959) Control of leaf growth by interaction of chemicals and light. In: Withrow RB (ed) Photoperiodism and related phenomena in plants and animals. AAAS Washington, pp 161–180
Lundegardh H (1945) Absorption, transport, and exudation of inorganic ions by roots. Arkiv Bot 32A, 12:1–58
Mackenzie JM Jr, Briggs WR, Pratt LH (1978) Phytochrome photoreversibility: empirical test of the hypothesis that it varies as a consequence of pigment compartmentation. Planta 141:129–134
Manabe K, Furuya M (1974) Phytochrome dependent reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides in the mitochondrial fraction isolated from etiolated pea epicotyls. Plant Physiol 53:343–347
Mancinelli AL, Rabino I (1978) The “high irradiance responses” of plant photomorphogenesis. Bot Rev 44:129–180
Marmè D (1977) Phytochrome: membranes as possible sites of primary action. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28:173–198
Marmè D, Boisard J, Briggs WR (1973) Binding properties in vitro of phytochrome to a membrane fraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3861–3865
Marx R, Brinkmann K (1979) Effect of temperature on the pathway of NADH-oxidation in broad-bean mitochondria. Planta 144:359–365
Mitchell P (1979) Keilin’s respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences. (Nobel Lecture 1978) Science 206:1148–1159
Mohr H (1957) Der Einfluß monochromatischer Strahlung auf das Längenwachstum des Hypocotyls und auf die Anthocyanbildung bei Keimlingen von Sinapis alba L. Planta 49:389–405
Mohr H (1972) Lectures on photomorphogenesis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Mohr H, Wehrung M (1960) Die Steuerung des Hypokotylwachstums bei den Keimlingen von Lactuca sativa L. durch sichtbare Strahlung. Planta 55:438–450
Munoz V, Butler WL (1975) Photoreceptor pigment for blue light in Neurospora crassa. Plant Physiol 55:421–426
Nuernbergk E (1927) Untersuchungen über die Lichtverteilung in Avena-Koleoptilen und anderen phototropisch reizbaren Pflanzenorganen bei einseitiger Beleuchtung. Bot Abhand 12:5–162
Oltmanns F (1922) Morphologie und Biologie der Algen. Fischer, Jena
Parker MW, Hendrick SB, Borthwick HA, Scully NJ (1946) Action spectrum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of short-day plants. Bot Gaz 108:1–26
Parker MW, Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA, Went FW (1949) Spectral sensitivity for leaf and stem growth of etiolated pea seedlings and their similarity to action spectra for photoperiodism. Am J Bot 36:194–204
Parker MW, Hendricks SB, Borthwick HA (1950) Action spectrum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger. Bot Gaz 111:242–252
Pratt LH (1978) Molecular properties of phytochrome. Photochem Photobiol 27:81–105
Pratt LH (1979) Phytochrome: function and properties. Photochem Photobiol Rev 4:59–124
Pratt LH, Coleman RA, Mackenzie JM Jr (1976) Immunological visualization of phytochrome. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development Butterworth, London, pp 75–94
Priestley JH (1925) Light and growth. I. The effect of bright light exposure on etiolated plants. II. On the anatomy of etiolated plants. New Phytol 24:271–283, 25:145–170
Quail PH, Gressel J (1976) Particle-bound phytochrome: interaction of the pigment with ribonucleoprotein material from Cucurbita pepo L. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development. Butterworth, London, pp 111–128
Quail PH, Marmè D, Schäfer E (1973) Particle-bound phytochrome from maize and pumpkin. Nat New Biol 245:189–191
Racusen RH (1976) Phytochrome control of electrical potentials and intercellular coupling in oat-coleoptile tissue. Planta 132:25–29
Racusen RH, Etherton B (1975) Role of membrane-bound fixed charges in phytochrome mediated mung bean tip adherence phenomena. Plant Physiol 55:491–495
Raven CW, Shropshire W Jr (1975) Photoregulation of logarithmic fluence-response curves for phytochrome control of chlorophyll formation in Pisum sativum L. Photochem Photobiol 21:423–429
Raven CE, Spruit CJP (1973) Induction of rapid chlorophyll accumulation in dark-grown seedlings. III. Transport model for phytochrome action. Acta Bot Neerl 22:135–143
Resühr B (1939) Beiträge zur Lichtkeimung von Amaranthus caudatus L. und Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. Planta 30:471–506
Roth-Bejerano N, Kendrick RE (1979) The effects of filipin and steroids on phytochrome pelletability. Plant Physiol 63:503–506
Schneider MJ, Borthwick HA, Hendricks SB (1967) Effects of radiation on flowering of Hyoscyamus niger. Am. J Bot 54:1241–1249
Siegelman HW, Firer EM (1964) Purification of phytochrome from oat seedlings. Biochemistry 3:418–423
Siegelman HW, Hendricks SB (1957) Photocontrol of anthocyanin formation in turnip and red cabbage seedlings. Plant Physiol 32:393–398
Small JGC, Spruit CJP, Blaauw-Jansen G, Blaauw OH (1979) Action spectra for light- induced germination in dormant lettuce seeds. I. Red region. Planta 144:125–131
Smith H, Evans A, Hilton JR (1978) An in vitro association of soluble phytochrome with a partially purified organelle fraction from barley leaves. Planta 141:71–76
Song PS, Chae Q, Gardner JD (1979) Spectroscopic properties and chromophore conformation of the photomorphogenic receptor phytochrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 576:479–495
Stebler FG (1881) Über die Einwirkung des Lichtes auf die Keimung. Bot Centri 2:157–158
Steiner AM (1967) Phytochrome action elicited by short wave length irradiation in polaro-tropism of germlings of a fern and a liverwort. Action Spectra. Proc Eur Ann Symp Plant Photomorphogenesis, Hvar, pp 113–116
Stone HJ, Pratt LH (1979) Characterization of the destruction of phytochrome in the red-absorbing form. Plant Physiol 63:680–682
Sweet HC, Hillman WS (1969) Phytochrome control of nyctinasty in Samanea as modified by oxygen, submergence, and chemicals. Physiol Plant 22:776–786
Tanada T (1968) Substances essential for a red, far-red light reversal attachment of mung bean root tips to glass. Plant Physiol 43:2070–2071
Taylor AO, Bonner BA (1967) Isolation of phytochrome from the alga Mesotaenium and the liverwort Sphaerocarpus. Plant Physiol 42:762–766
Toole VK (1973) Effects of light, temperature, and their interactions on the germination of seed. Seed Sci Tech 1:339–396
Trumpf C (1924) Über den Einfluß intermittierender Belichtung auf die Etiolation der Pflanzen. Bot Arch 5:381–410
Vanderhoef LN, Quail PH, Briggs WR (1979) Red light-inhibited mesocotyl elongation in maize seedlings II. Kinetic and spectral studies. Plant Physiol 63:1062–1067
Van Der Woude WJ (1982a) Mechanisms of photothermal interactions in phytochrome control of seed germination. In: Meudt W (ed) Strategies of plant reproduction. Beltsville Symp Agric Res 6 (In press)
Van Der Woude WJ (1982b) A dichromophoric model for the action of phytochrome: Evidence from photothermal interactions in lettuce seed germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (In press)
Van Der Woude WJ, Toole VK (1980) Studies of the mechanism of enhancement of phytochrome-dependent lettuce seed germination by prechilling. Plant Physiol 66:220–224
Vince-Prue D (1975) Photoperiodism in Plants. McGraw-Hill, New York
Warburg O, Negelein E (1929) Über das Absorptionsspektrum des Atmungsferments. Biochem Z 214:64–100
Weisenseel MH, Ruppert HK (1977) Phytochrome and calcium ions are involved in light-induced depolarization in Nitella. Planta 137:225–229
Yamamoto KT, Furuya M (1979) Effects of enzymatically digested microsome fractions on red-light-enhanced pelletability of pea phytochrome in vitro in the presence of calcium ion. Plant Cell Physiol 20:1591–1601
Yamamoto Y, Tezuka T (1972) Regulation of NAD kinase by phytochrome and control of metabolism by variation of NADP level. In : Mitrakos K, Shropshire W Jr (ed) Phytochrome. Academic Press, London New York, pp 408–429
Zucker M (1969) Induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Xanthìum leaf disks. Photosynthetic requirement and effect of daylength. Plant Physiol 44: 912–922
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hendricks, S.B., Van der Woude, W.J. (1983). How Phytochrome Acts — Perspectives on the Continuing Quest. In: Shropshire, W., Mohr, H. (eds) Photomorphogenesis. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68920-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68918-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive