Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photocontrol of Gene Expression

  • Chapter
Book cover Photomorphogenesis

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 16))

Abstract

Development involves the spatial and temporal, selective regulation of gene expression and thus information about the photocontrol of gene expression is of central importance to our understanding of the cellular transduction of environmental stimuli leading to the initiation of developmental change during photomorphogenesis. The aim of this chapter is to review from a biochemical point of view our current understanding of the photocontrol of gene expression, paying particular attention to those systems where the underlying molecular mechanisms have been elucidated. Hence the treatment is not comprehensive but rather represents a critical consideration of selected experimental results and theoretical concepts currently under intense investigation and debate. In the last few years there have been a number of reviews related to the present topic and the reader is referred to these for historical details (Mohr 1974, Schopfer 1977, Zucker 1972).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acton GJ (1972) Phytochrome control of the level of extractable ribonuclease activity in etiolated hypocotyls. Nature 236:255–256

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acton GJ (1974) Phytochrome-controlled acid RNase: an “attached” protein of ribosomes. Phytochemistry 13:1303–1310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acton GJ, Gupta S (1979) A relationship between protein-degradation rates in vivo, isoelectric points and molecular weights obtained using density labelling. Biochem J 184:367–377

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Acton GJ, Schopfer P (1974) Phytochrome-induced synthesis of ribonuclease de novo in lupin hypocotyl sections. Biochem J 142:449–455

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Acton GJ, Schopfer P (1975) Control over activation or synthesis of phenylalanine ammo- nia-lyase by phytochrome in mustard (Sinapis alba)? A contribution to eliminate some misconceptions. Biochim Biophys Acta 404:231–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Acton GJ, Grumm H, Mohr H (1974) Control of synthesis de novo of ascorbate oxidase in the mustard seedling (Sinapis alba L.) by phytochrome. Planta 121:39–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amrhein N, Gerhardt J (1979) Superinduction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in gherkin hypocotyls caused by the PAL-inhibitor l-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 583:434–442

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amrhein N, Godeke K-H (1976) The estimation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in intact cells of higher plant tissue. II. Correlations and discrepancies between activities measured in intact cells and cell-free extracts. Planta 131:41–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amrhein N, Zenk MH (1970) Concomitant induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase during illumination of excised buckwheat hypocotyls. Naturwissenschaften 57:312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amrhein N, Gerhardt J, Godeke K-H (1976) The estimation of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) activity in intact cells of higher plant tissue. I. Parameters of the assay. Planta 131:33–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apel K (1979) Phytochrome-induced appearance of mRNA activity for the apoprotein of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Eur J Biochem 97:183–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apel K (1981) The protochlorophyllide holochrome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Phytochrome-induced decrease of translatable mRNA coding for the NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Eur J Biochem 128:89–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Apel K, Bogorad L (1976) Light-induced increase in the activity of maize plastid DNA- dependent RNA polymerase. Eur J Biochem 67:615–620

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apel K, Kloppstech K (1978) The plastid membranes of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Light- induced appearance of mRNA coding for the apoprotein of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein. Eur J Biochem 85:581–588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apel K, Kloppstech K (1980) The effect of light on the biosynthesis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein. Evidence for the requirement of chlorophyll a for the stabilisation of the apoprotein. Planta 150:426–430

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arias IM, Doyle D, Schimke RT (1969) Studies on the synthesis and degradation of proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. J Biol Chem 244:3303–3315

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armond PA, Staehelin LA, Arntzen CJ (1977) Spatial relationship of photosystem I, photosystem II, and the light-harvesting complex in chloroplast membranes. J Cell Biol 73:400–418

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam M, Huffaker RC, Travis RL (1973) The interaction of respiration and photosynthesis in induction of nitrate reductase activity. Plant Physiol 52:137–141

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attridge TH (1974) Phytochrome-mediated synthesis of ascorbic acid oxidase in mustard cotyledons. Biochim Biophys Acta 362:258–265

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attridge TH, Smith H (1967) A phytochrome-mediated increase in the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in terminal buds of Pìsum sativum. Biochim Biophys Acta 148:805–807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attridge TH, Smith H (1973) Evidence for a pool of inactive phenylalanine ammonia- lyase in Cucumis sativus seedlings. Phytochemistry 12:1569–1574

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attridge TH, Smith H (1974) Density-labelling evidence for the blue light-mediated activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Cucumis sativus seedlings. Biochim Biophys Acta 343:452–464

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attridge TH, Johnson CB, Smith H (1974) Density-labelling evidence for the phytochrome-mediated activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in mustard cotyledons. Biochim Biophys Acta 343:440–451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajracharya D, Falk H, Schopfer P (1976) Phytochrome-mediated development of mitochondria in the cotyledons of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Planta 131:253–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Nun S, Schantz R, Ohad I (1977) Appearance and composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes I and II during chloroplast membrane biogenesis in Chlamydomonas rheinhardì y-1. Biochim Biophys Acta 459:451–467

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barraclough R, Ellis RJ (1979) The biosynthesis of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Uncoupling of the synthesis of large and small subunits in isolated soybean leaf cells. Eur J Biochem 94:165–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beale SI (1971) Studies on the biosynthesis and metabolism of δ-aminolevulinic acid in Chlorella. Plant Physiol 48:316–319

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedbrook JR, Link G, Coen DM, Bogorad L, Rich A (1978) Maize plastid gene expressed during photoregulated development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:3060–3064

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedbrook JR, Coen DM, Beaton AR, Bogorad L, Rich A (1979) Location of the single gene for the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase on the maize chloroplast chromosome. J Biol Chem 254:905–910

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedbrook JR, Smith SM, Ellis RJ (1980) Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding the precursor to the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 287:692–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beevers L, Schrader LE, Flesher D, Hageman RH (1965) The role of light and nitrate in the induction of nitrate reductase in radish cotyledons and maize seedlings. Plant Physiol 40:691–698

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bellemare G, Bartlett SG, Chua N-H (1981) The requirement of chlorophyll b for the stabilisation of the 25 kd polypeptide of the LHCP within the thylakoid membrane. Plant Physiol Suppl 67:169

    Google Scholar 

  • Beneveniste I, Saläun J-P, Durst F (1978) Phytochrome-mediated regulation of a monooxygenase hydroxylating cinnamic acid in etiolated pea seedlings. Phytochemistry 17:359–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Betsche T, Gerhardt B (1978) Apparent catalase synthesis in sunflower cotyledons during the change in microbody function. A mathematical approach for the quantitative evaluation of density-labelling data. Plant Physiol 62:590–597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Betz B, Schäfer E, Hahlbrock K (1978) Light-induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Quantitative comparison of rates of synthesis and degradation. Arch Biochem Biophys 190:126–135

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Billett EE, Smith H (1980) Control of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in gherkin tissues. Phytochemistry 19:1035–1041

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billett EE, Wallace W, Smith H (1978) A specific and reversible macromolecular inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in gherkins. Biochim Biophys Acta 524:219–230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair GE, Ellis RJ (1973) Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. I. Light-driven synthesis of the large subunit of fraction 1 protein by isolated pea chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 319:223–234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blobel G, Dobberstein B (1975) Transfer of proteins accross membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. J Cell Biol 67:835–851

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boardman NK, Anderson JM, Goodchild DJ (1978) Chlorophyll-protein complexes and structure of mature and developing chloroplasts. Curr Top Bioenerg 8:35–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogorad L, Jolly SO, Kidd G, Link G, McIntosh L (1980) Organisation and transcription of maize chloroplast genes. In: Leaver CJ (ed) Genome organisation and expression in plants. Plenum, New York, pp 291–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton GW, Quail PH (1981) Cell-free synthesis of Avena phytochrome. Plant Physiol Suppl 67:728

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottomley W (1970) Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity of nuclei and plastids from etiolated peas and their response to red and far-red light in vivo. Plant Physiol 45:608–611

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boudet A, Humphrey TJ, Davies DD (1975) The measurement of protein turnover by density labelling. Biochem J 152:409–416

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbeer JW (1971) development in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. The effects of short blue, red, far-red and white light treatments on dark-grown plants. J Exp Bot 22:382–390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooker JD, Russell DW (1974) Some properties of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Pisum sativum. R Soc NZ Bull 12:365–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooker JD, Russell DW (1979) Regulation of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from pea seedlings : rapid posttranslational phytochrome-mediated decrease in activity and in vivo regulation by iso-prenoid products. Arch Biochem Biophys 198:323–334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown RD, Haselkorn R (1971) Chloroplast RNA populations in dark grown, light grown, and greening Euglena gracilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:2536–2539

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brulfert J, Guerrier D, Quieroz O (1973) Photoperiodism and enzyme activity: Balance between inhibition and induction of the crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiol 51:220–222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruning K, Drumm H, Mohr H (1975) On the role of phytochrome in controlling enzyme levels in plastids. Biochem Physiol Pflanz 168:141–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess RJ, Walker JH, Mayer RJ (1978) Choice of precursors for the measurement of protein turnover by the double-isotope method. Application to the study of mitochondrial proteins. Biochem J 176:919–926

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler LG, Bennett V (1969) Phytochrome control of maize leaf inorganic pyrophosphatase and adenylate kinase. Plant Physiol 44:1285–1290

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camm EL, Towers GHN (1973) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Phytochemistry 12:961–963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cashmore AR (1979) Reiteration frequency of the gene coding for the small subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Cell 17:383–388

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerff R (1973) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases and glyoxylate reductase. I. Their regulation under continuous red and far-red light in the cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. Plant Physiol 51:76–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerff R (1974) Inhibitor-dependent, reciprocal changes in the activities of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases in Sinapis alba coyledons. Z. Pflanzenphysiol 73:109–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan P-H, Wildman SG (1972) Chloroplast DNA codes for the primary structure of the large subunit of fraction 1 protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 277:677–680

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chelm BK, Hobben PJ, Hallick RB (1977) Expression of the chloroplast ribosomal RNA genes of Euglena gracilis during chloroplast development. Biochemistry 16:776–778

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chua N-H, Schmidt DW (1978) Post-translational transport into intact chloroplasts of a precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:6110–6114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb AH, Wellburn AR (1973) Developmental changes in the levels of SDS-extractable polypeptides during plastid morphogenesis. Planta 114:131–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb AH, Wellburn AR (1974) Changes in plastid envelope polypeptides during chloroplast development. Planta 121:273–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coen DM, Bedbrook JR, Bogorad L, Rich A (1977) Maize chloroplast DNA fragment encoding the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5487–5491

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen D, Schiff JA (1976) Events surrounding the early development of Euglena chloroplasts. Photoregulation of the transcription of chloroplastic and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs. Arch Biochem Biophys 177:201–216

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creasy LL (1976) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-inactivating system in sunflower leaves. Phytochemistry 15:673–675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EH (1976) Gene activity in early development, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Daussant J, Lauriere C, Carfantan N, Skakonn A (1977) Immunochemical approaches to questions concerning enzyme regulation in plants. Phytochem Soc Symp 14:197–223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dharvan AK, Malik CP (1919) Phytochrome control of some oxidoreductases in germinating Pinus roxburghii Sarg pollen. Plant Cell Physiol 20:615–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobberstein B, Blobel G, Chua N-H (1977) In vitro synthesis and processing of a putative precursor for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:1082–1085

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drumm H, Mohr H (1973) Control by phytochrome of glutathione reductase levels in the mustard seedling. Z Naturforsch Teil C 28:559–563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drumm H, Schopfer P (1974) Effect of phytochrome on development of catalase activity and iso-enzyme pattern in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. A reinvestigation. Planta 120:13–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drumm H, Elchinger I, Moller J, Peter K, Mohr H (1971) Induction of amylase m mustard seedlings by phytochrome. Planta 99:265–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Drumm H, Bruning K, Mohr H (1972) Phytochrome-mediated induction of ascorbate oxidase in different organs of a dicotyledonous seedling (Sinapis alba L.). Planta 106:259–267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dugaiczyk A, Woo SLC, Lai EG, Mace ML, McReynolds L, O’Malley BW (1978) The natural ovalbumin gene contains several intervening sequences. Nature 274:328–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durst F, Duranton H (1970) Phytochrome et phenylalanine ammonia-lyase dans les tissus du topinambour (Helianthus tuberosus L. variété blanc commun) cultives in vitro. CR Acad Sci Ser D 270:2940–2942

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebel J, Hahlbrock K (1977) Enzymes of flavone and flavonol-glycoside biosynthesis. Co-ordinated and selective induction in cell-suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Eur J Biochem 75:201–209

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Efstratiadis A, Kafatos FC (1976) The chorion of insects: techniques and perspectives. In: Last J (ed) Eukaryotes at the subcellular level. Dekker, New York, pp 1–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ (1975) Inhibition of chloroplast protein synthesis by lincomycin and 2-(4-methyl- 2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide. Phytochemistry 14:89–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ (1977) Protein synthesis by isolated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 463:185–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ (1979) The most abundant protein in the world. Trends Biochem Sci 4:241–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ, McDonald IR (1970) Specificity of cycloheximide in higher plant systems. Plant Physiol 46:227–232

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engelsma G (1967) Photoinduction of phenylalanine deaminase in gherkin seedlings. II. Effect of red and far-red light. Planta 77:49–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelsma G (1968) The influence of light of different spectral regions on the synthesis of phenolic compounds in gherkin seedlings, in relation to photomorphogenesis. IV. Mechanism of far-red action. Acta Bot Neerl 17:85–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelsma G (1970) A comparative investigation of the control of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase in gherkin and red cabbage hypocotyls. Acta Bot Neerl 19:403–414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelsma G (1974) On the mechanism of the changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity induced by ultraviolet and blue light in gherkin hypocotyls. Plant Physiol 54:702–705

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engelsma G, Meijer G (1965) The influence of light of different spectral regions on the synthesis of phenolic compounds in gherkin seedlings in relation to photomorphogenesis. I. Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. Acta Bot Neerl 14:54–72

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feierabend J (1969) Der Einfluß von Cytokininen auf die Bildung von Photosyntheseenzymen in Roggenkeimlingen. Planta 84:11–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feierabend J (1975) Developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves. III. On the photocontrol of microbody development. Planta 123:63–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feierabend J, Pirson A (1966) Die Wirkung des Lichts auf die Bildung von Photosynthe- seenzymen in Roggenkeimlingen. Z Pflanzenphysiol 55:235–245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filner B, Klein AO (1968) Changes in enzymatic activities in etiolated bean seedling leaves after a brief illumination. Plant Physiol 43:1587–1596

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fourcroy P, Lambert C, Rollin P (1979) Far-red-mediated polyribosome formation in radish cotyledons. Effect of endogenous ribonucleases on polyribosome recovery. Planta 147:1–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • French CJ, Smith H (1975) An inactivator of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from gherkin hypocotyls. Phytochemistry 14:963–966

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzemeier K-H, Kindi H (1981) Coordinate induction by UV light of stilbene synthase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase in leaves of Vitaceae. Planta 151:48–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch S, Wagner E (1973a) Endogeneous rhythmicity and energy transduction. II. Phytochrome action and the conditioning of rhythmicity of adenylate kinase, NAD- and NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Chenopodium rubrum by temperature and light intensity cycles during germination. Can J Bot 51:1521–1528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch S, Wagner E (1973b) Endogenous rhythmicity and energy transduction. III. Time course of phytochrome action on adenylate kinase, NAD- and NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Chenopodium rubrum. Can J Bot 51:1529–1535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frosch S, Bergfeld R, Mohr H (1976) Light control of plastogenesis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase levels in mustard seedling cotyledons. Planta 133:53–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Frosch S, Drumm H, Mohr H (1977) Regulation of enzyme levels by phytochrome in mustard cotyledons: multiple mechanisms ? Planta 136:181–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funkhouser EA, Ramadoss CS (1980) Synthesis of nitrate reductase in Chlorella. II. Evidence for synthesis in ammonia-grown cells. Plant Physiol 65:944–949

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Funkhouser EA, She T-C, Ackermann R (1980) Synthesis of nitrate reductase in Chlorella. I. Evidence for an inactive precursor. Plant Physiol 65:939–943

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furuya M, Galston AW, Stowe BB (1962) Isolation from peas of co-factors and inhibitors of indolyl-3-acetic acid oxidase. Nature 193:456–457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner SE, Schröder J, Matern U, Hamer D, Hahlbrock K (1980) mRNA-dependent regulation of UDP-apiose synthase activity in irradiated plant cells. J Biol Chem 255:10752–10757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardt B (1974) Studies on the formation of glycolate oxidase in developing cotyledons of Helianthus annuus L. and Sinapis alba L. Z Pflanzenphysiol 74:14–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giles AB, Grierson D, Smith H (1977) In-vitro translation of messenger-RNA from developing bean leaves. Evidence for the existence of stored messenger-RNA and its light-induced mobilisation into polyribosomes. Planta 136:31–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goatly MB, Smith H (1974) Differential properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from etiolated and green sugar cane. Planta 117:67–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goatly MB, Coombs J, Smith H (1975) Development of C4 photosynthesis in sugar cane: changes in properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase during greening. Planta 125:15–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottmann K, Schäfer E (1982) In vitro synthesis of phytochrome apoprotein directed by mRNA from light and dark Avena seedlings. Photochem Photobiol 35:521–525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham D, Grieve AM, Smillie RM (1968) Phytochrome as the primary photoregulator of the synthesis of Calvin cycle enzymes in etiolated pea seedlings. Nature 218:89–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham D, Hatch MD, Slack CP, Smillie RM (1970) Light-induced formation of enzymes of the C4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis in detached leaves. Phytochemistry 9:521–532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham D, Grieve AM, Smillie RM (1971) Phytochrome-mediated plastid development in etiolated pea stem apices. Phytochemistry 10:2905–2914

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray JC, Kekwick RGO (1974) The synthesis of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphos- phate carboxylase in the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Eur J Biochem 44:491–500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grebanier A, Coen DM, Rich A, Bogorad L (1978) Membrane proteins synthesised but not processed by isolated maize chloroplasts. J Cell Biol 78:734–746

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grebanier A, Steinback KE, Bogorad L (1979) Comparison of the molecular weights of proteins synthesised by isolated chloroplasts with those which appear during greening in Zea mays. Plant Physiol 63:436–439

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grierson DG, Covey S (1975) Changes in the amount of ribosomal RNA and poly(A)- containing RNA during leaf development. Planta 127:77–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guiz C, Hirel B, Shedlofsky G, Gadal P (1979) Occurrence and influence of light on the relative proportions of two glutamine synthetases in rice leaves. Plant Sci Lett 15:271–277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Acton GJ (1979) Purification to homogeneity and some properties of L-phenyl- alanine ammonia-lyase of irradiated mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons. Biochim Biophys Acta 570:187–197

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hachtel W (1972) Der Einfluß des Plasmotypus auf die Regulation der Aktivität der L-Phenylalanin-Ammonium-Lyase (Untersuchungen an Raimannia-Oenotheren). Planta 102:247–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haff LA, Bogorad L (1976) Hybridization of maize chloroplast DNA with transfer ribonucleic acids. Biochemistry 15:4105–4109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hague DR, Sims TL (1980) Evidence for light-stimulated synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaves of maize. Plant Physiol 66:505–509

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hague DR, Sims TL (1981) Translatable mRNA for PEP carboxylase. Plant Physiol Suppl 67:91 Entry 514

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Grisebach H (1979) Enzymic controls in the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 30:105–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Ragg H (1975) Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 166:41–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Sutter A, Wellmann E, Ortmann R, Grisebach H (1971a) Relationship between organ development and activity of enzymes involved in flavone glycoside biosynthesis in young parsley plants. Phytochemistry 10:109–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Ebel J, Ortmann R, Sutter A, Wellmann E, Grisebach H (1971b) Regulation of enzyme activities related to the biosynthesis of flavone glycosides in cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense). Biochim Biophys Acta 244:7–15

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Knobloch K-H, Kreuzaler F, Potts JRM, Wellmann E (1976) Co-ordinated induction and subsequent activity changes of two groups of metabolically inter-related enzymes : Light-induced synthesis of flavonoid glycosides in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Eur J Biochem 61:199–206

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K, Lamb CJ, Purwin C, Ebel J, Fautz E, Schäfer E (1981) Rapid response of suspension-cultured parsley cells to the elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae. Induction of the enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Physiol 67:768–773

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampp R, Ziegler H (1975) Lichtabhängige Neusynthese von δ-Aminolaevulmsäure- Dehydratase in isolierten Avena-Etioplasten. Planta 124:255–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harel E, Bogorad L (1973) Effect of light on ribonucleic acid metabolism in greening maize leaves. Plant Physiol 51:10–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley MR, Wheeler A, Ellis RJ (1975) Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. V. Translation of messenger RNA for the large subunit of fraction 1 protein in a heterologous cell-free system. J Mol Biol 91:67–77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haslett BG, Cammack R (1974) The development of plastocyanin in greening bean leaves. Biochem J 144:567–572

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haslett BG, Cammack R (1976) Changes in the activity of ferredoxin-NADP-reductase during the greening of bean leaves. New Phytol 76:219–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslett BG, Cammack R, Whatley FR (1973) Quantitative studies on ferredoxin in greening bean leaves. Biochem J 136:697–703

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa S, Matsunaga K, Sagiyama T (1981) Light induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in etiolated maize leaf tissue. Plant Physiol 67:133–138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heim B, Jabben M, Schäfer E (1981) Phytochrome destruction in dark- and light-grown Amaranthus caudatus seedlings. Photochem Photobiol 34:89–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze H, Herzfeld F, Kiper M (1980) Light-induced appearance of polysomal poly(A)- rich messenger RNA during greening of barley plants. Eur J Biochem 111 : 137–144

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heller JS, Fong WF, Canellakis ES (1976) Induction of a protein inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase by the end products of its reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:1858–1862

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henshall JD, Goodwin TW (1964) Amino acid activating enzymes in greening pea seedlings. Phytochemistry 3:677–691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt EJ (1975) Assimilatory nitrate-nitrite reduction. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 26:73–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Highfield PE, Ellis RJ (1978) Synthesis and transport of the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 271:420–424

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoober JK, Stegeman WJ (1976) Kinetics and regulation of synthesis of the major polypeptides of thylakoid membranes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 at elevated temperatures. J Cell Biol 70:326–337

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins DW, Briggs WR (1973) Phytochrome and NAD kinase: A re-examination. Plant Physiol Suppl 51:52

    Google Scholar 

  • Huault C (1974) Phytochrome regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in radish cotyledons : A threshold mechanism. Plant Sci Lett 3:149–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huff AK, Ross CW (1975) Promotion of radish cotyledon enlargement and reducing sugar content by zeatin and red light. Plant Physiol 56:429–433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huffaker RC, Peterson LW (1974) Protein turnover in plants and possible means of its regulation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 25:363–392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt RE, Pratt LH (1980) Radioimmunoassay of phytochrome content in green, light- grown oats. Plant Cell Environ 3:91–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hüttermann A, Wendlberger G (1976) Density labelling of proteins. Methods Cell Biol 13:153–170

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwanij V, Chua NH, Siekevitz P (1975) Synthesis and turnover of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and of its subunits during the cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Cell Biol 64:572–585

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynedjian PB (1979) Techniques for messenger RNA assay in enzyme induction studies. Tech Metab Res B209:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabben M, Deitzer GF (1978) A method for measuring phytochrome in plants grown in white light. Photochem Photobiol 27:799–802

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffreys AJ, Flavell RA (1977) The rabbit β-globin gene contains a large insert in the coding sequence. Cell 12:1097–1108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB (1976) Rapid activation by phytochrome of nitrate reductase in the cotyledons of Sinapis alba. Planta 128:127–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB (1977) The use of density labelling techniques in investigations into the control of enzyme levels. Phytochem Soc Symp 14:225–243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB (1979) Activation, synthesis and turnover of nitrate reductase controlled by nitrate and ammonium in Chlorella vulgaris. Planta 147:63–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB, Smith H (1978) Phytochrome control of amino acid synthesis in cotyledons of Sinapis alba. Phytochemistry 17:667–670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB, Attridge T, Smith H (1975) Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis by cinnamic acid. Its implications for the light-mediated regulation of the enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta 385:11–19

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CB, Whittington WJ, Blackwood GC (1976) Nitrate reductase as a possible predictive test of crop yield. Nature 262:133–134

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly SO, Tolbert NE (1978) NADH-nitrate reductase inhibitor from soybean leaves. Plant Physiol 62:133–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly SO, McIntosh L, Link G, Bogorad L (1981) Differential transcription in vivo and in vitro of two adjacent maize chloroplast genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6821–6825

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RW, Sheard RW (1975) Phytochrome, nitrate movement, and induction of nitrate reductase in etiolated pea terminal buds. Plant Physiol 55:954–959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kadam SS, Gandhi AP, Sawnhey SK, Naik MS (1974) Inhibitor of nitrate reductase in the roots of rice seedlings and its effect on the enzyme activity in the presence of NADH. Biochim Biophys Acta 350:162–170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kasemir H, Masoner M (1975) Control of chlorophyll synthesis by phytochrome. II. The effect of phytochrome on aminolevulinate dehydratase in mustard seedlings. Planta 126:119–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katunuma N, Katsunuma T, Kominami E, Suzuki K, Hamaguchi Y, Chichibu K, Kobayashi K (1972) Regulation of intracellular enzyme levels by group-specific proteases in various organisms. Adv Enzyme Regul 11:37–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaveh D, Harel E (1973) Light-induced changes in the pattern of protein synthesis during the early stages of greening of etiolated maize leaves. Plant Physiol 51:671–676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawashima N, Wildman SG (1970) Fraction 1 Protein. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 21:325–358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawashima N, Wildman SG (1972) Studies on fraction 1 protein. IV. Mode of inheritance of primary structure in relation to whether chloroplast or nuclear DNA contains the code for a chloroplast protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 262:42–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keister DL, Jagendorf AT, San Pietro A (1962) Development of bean leaf transhydrogen- ase in etiolated leaves. Biochim Biophys Acta 62:332–337

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly GJ, Gibbs M (1973) Nonreversible D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of plant tissues. Plant Physiol 52:111–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein AO (1969) Persistent photoreversibility of leaf development. Plant Physiol 44:897–902

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein AO, Pine K (1977) Light-induced polysome formation in etiolated leaves. Kinetics of inhibition by antibiotics. Plant Physiol 59:767–770

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein S, Katz E, Neeman E (1977) Induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid formation in etiolated maize leaves controlled by the two light systems. Plant Physiol 60:335–338

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinhopf GE, Huffaker RC, Matheson A (1970) Light-induced de novo synthesis of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in greening leaves of barley. Plant Physiol 46:416–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Kominami E, Katunuma N (1976) Studies on new intracellular proteases in various types of rats. Participation of proteases in degradation of ornithine aminotransferase in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Biochem 62:425–430

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kung S (1976) Tobacco fraction 1 protein: A unique genetic marker. Science 191:429–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ (1977a) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase: Characterisation of the concomitant changes in enzyme activities in illuminated potato tuber discs. Planta 135:169–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ (1977b) trans-Cinnamic acid as a mediator of the light-stimulated increase in hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA : quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase. FEBS Lett 75:37–41

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ (1979) Regulation of enzyme levels in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis: Characterisation of the modulation by light and pathway intermediates. Arch Biochem Biophys 192:311–317

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ, Merritt TK (1979) Density labelling studies of the photocontrol of l-phenylala- nine ammonia-lyase in discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber parenchyme. Biochim Biophys Acta 588:1–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ, Rubery PH (1976a) Interpretation of the rate of density labelling of enzymes with 2H2O. Possible implications for the mode of action of phytochrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 421:308–318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ, Rubery PH (1976b) Photocontrol of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in potato tuber discs. Phytochemistry 15:665–668

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ, Rubery PH (1976c) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydrox- ylase : Product repression of the level of enzyme activity in potato tuber discs. Planta 130:283–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb CJ, Merritt TK, Butt VS (1979) Synthesis and removal of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase activity in illuminated discs of potato tuber parenchyme. Biochim Biophys Acta 582:196–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton MA, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ (1980) Elicitor modulation of the turnover of l- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in French bean cell suspension cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta 633:162–175

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leto KJ, Miles D (1980) Characterisation of three photosystem II mutants in Zea mays L. lacking a 32,000 dalton lamellar polypeptide. Plant Physiol 66:18–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lett MC, Fleck J, Frisch C, Durr A, Hirth L (1980) Suitable conditions for characterisation, identification, and isolation of the mRNA of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase from Nicotiana sylvestris. Planta 148:211–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leung DWM, Bewley JD (1981) Immediate phytochrome action in inducing α-galactosi- dase in lettuce seeds. Nature 289:587–588

    Google Scholar 

  • Link G (1981) Enhanced expression of a distinct plastid DNA region in mustard seedlings by continuous far-red light. Planta 152:379–380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Link G (1982) Phytochrome control of plastid mRNA in mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Planta 154:81–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Link G, Bogorad L (1980) Sizes, locations, and directions of transcription of two genes on a closed maize chloroplast DNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:1832–1836

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link G, Coen DM, Bogorad L (1978) Differential expression of the gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in maize leaf cell types. Cell 15:725–731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lodish HF (1976) Translational control of protein synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem 45:39–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loschke DC, Hadwiger LA, Schröder J, Hahlbrock K (1981) Effects of light and Fusarium solani on synthesis and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in peas. Plant Physiol 68:680–685

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClure JW (1974) Phytochrome control of oscillating levels of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase in Hordeum vulgare shoots. Phytochemistry 13:1065–1069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClure JW, Gross GG (1975) Diverse photoinduction characteristics of hydroxycinna- mate : coenzyme A ligase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in dicotyledonous seedlings. Z Pflanzenphysiol 76:51–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machold O, Aurich O (1972) Sites of synthesis of chloroplast lamellar proteins in Vicia faba. Biochem Biophys Acta 281:103–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh L, Poulsen C, Bogorad L (1980) Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of maize. Nature 288:556–560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh L, Steinback KE, Arntzen CJ, Bogorad L (1981) Characterisation of chloroplast gene mutants responsible for triazine herbicide resistance. Plant Physiol Suppl 67:111

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm AA, Russell DW (1974) Early changes in RNA metabolism in etiolated bean leaves irradiated with red light. R Soc NZ Bull 12:333–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Malnoe P, Rochaix J-D, Chua NH, Spahr P-F (1979) Characterisation of the gene and messenger RNA of the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Mol Biol 133:417–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mappleston RE, Griffiths WT (1980) Light modulation of the activity of protochlorophyl- lide reductase. Biochem J 189:125–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Masoner MH, Kasemir H (1975) Control of chlorophyll synthesis by phytochrome. I. The effect of phytochrome on the formation of δ-aminolevulinate in mustard seedlings. Planta 126:111–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minty AJ, Birnie GD (1981) Messenger RNA populations in eukaryotic cells-evidence from recent nucleic acid hybridisation experiments bearing on the extent and control of differential gene expression. In: Buckingham ME (ed) Biochemistry of cellular regulation Vol III. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 43–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr H (1957) Der Einfluß monochromatischer Strahlung auf das Längenwachstum des Hypocotyls und auf die Anthocyanbildung bei Keimlingen von Sinapis alba. Planta 49:389–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr H (1972) Lectures on photomorphogenesis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr H (1974) The role of phytochrome in controlling enzyme levels in plants. In: Paul J (ed) Biochemistry of Cell Differentiation. Butterworth, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr H, Oelze-Karow H (1976) Phytochrome action as a threshold phenomenon. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development. Butterworth, London, pp 257–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenthaler J-J, Mendiola-Morgenthaler L (1976) Synthesis of soluble, thylakoid and envelope membrane proteins by spinach chloroplasts purified from gradients. Arch Biochem Biophys 172:51–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller M, Viro M, Balke C, Kloppstech K (1980a) Kinetics of the appearance of mRNA for light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein in polysomes of barley. Planta 148:448–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller M, Viro M, Balke C, Kloppstech K (1980b) Polyadenylated mRNA for the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein. Its presence in green and absence in chloro- plast-free plant cells. Planta 148:444–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullett JE, Burke JJ, Arntzen CJ (1980) A developmental study of photosystem I peripheral chloroplast proteins. Plant Physiol 65:823–827

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadler K, Granick S (1970) Control of chlorophyll synthesis in barley. Plant Physiol 46:240–246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newbury HJ, Smith H (1981) Immunochemical evidence for phytochrome regulation of the specific activity of ascorbate oxidase in mustard seedlings. Eur J Biochem 117:575–580

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas JC, Harper JE, Hageman RH (1976) Nitrate reductase activity in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.). I. Effects of light and temperature. Plant Physiol 58:731–735

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nover L (1976) Density labelling of chloroplast-specifìc leucyl-tRNA synthetase in greening cells of Euglena gracilis. Plant Sci Lett 7:403–407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oelze-Karow H, Mohr H (1970) Experiments regarding the problem of differentiation in multicellular systems. Z Naturforsch Teil B 25:1282–1286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oelze-Karow H, Mohr H (1973) Quantitative correlation between spectrophotometric phytochrome assay and physiological response. Photochem Photobiol 18:319–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oelze-Karow H, Schopfer P, Mohr H (1970) Phytochrome-mediated repression of enzyme synthesis (lipoxygenase): A threshold phenomenon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 65:51–57

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paskin N, Mayer RJ (1977) The role of enzyme degradation in enzyme turnover during tissue differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta 474:1–10

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paskin N, Mayer RJ (1978) A method for the analysis of protein turnover characteristics. Indirect estimation of rates of protein degradation. Biochem J 174:153–161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson BM, Roberts BE, Kuff EL (1977) Structural gene identification and mapping by DNA:mRNA hybrid-arrest cell-free translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4370–4374

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne PI (1976) The long-lived messenger ribonucleic acid of flowering plant seeds. Biol Rev 51:329–363

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peckett RC, Bassim TAH (1974) Mechanism of phytochrome action in the control of biosynthesis of anthocyanin in Brassica oleracea. Phytochemistry 13:815–821

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelham HRB, Jackson RJ (1976) An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. Eur J Biochem 67:247–256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penel C, Greppin H (1974) Variation de la photostimulation de l’activité des peroxidases basiques chez l’épinard. Plant Sci Lett 3:75–80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penel C, Greppin H, Boisard J (1976) In vitro photomodulation of a peroxidase activity through membrane bound phytochrome. Plant Sci Lett 6:117–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson LW, Huffaker RC (1975) Loss of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and increase in proteolytic activity during senescence of detached primary barley leaves. Plant Physiol 55:1009–1015

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pine K, Klein AO (1972) Regulation of polysome formation in etiolated bean leaves. Dev Biol 28:280–289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poulson R, Beevers L (1970) Nucleic acid metabolism during greening and unrolling of barley leaf segments. Plant Physiol 46:315–319

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quail PH, Schäfer E, Marmé D (1973a) De novo synthesis of phytochrome in pumpkin hooks. Plant Physiol 52:124–127

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quail PH, Schäfer E, Marmé D (1973b) Turnover of phytochrome in pumpkin cotyledons. Plant Physiol 52:128–131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Queiroz O (1969) Photoperiodisme et activité enzymatique (PEP carboxylase et enzyme malique) dans les feuilles de Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Phytochemistry 8:1655–1663

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragg H, Hahlbrock K (1980) Messenger RNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Characterisation and partial purification from cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Eur J Biochem 103:323–330

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ragg H, Kuhn D, Hahlbrock K (1981) Co-ordinated regulation of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNAs in cultured plant cells. J Biol Chem 256:10061–10065

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao LVM, Datta N, Sopory SK, Guha-Mukherjee S (1980) Phytochrome-mediated induction of malate reductase activity in etiolated maize leaves. Physiol Plant 50:208–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rich PR, Lamb CJ (1977) Biophysical and enzymological studies upon the interaction of trans-cinnamic acid with higher plant microsomal cytochromes P450. Eur J Biochem 72:353–360

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roop DR, Nordstrom JL, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1978) Transcription of structural and intervening sequences in the ovalbumin gene and identification of potential ovalbumin mRNA precursors. Cell 15:671–685

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roy H, Costa KA, Adari H (1978) Free subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in pea leaves. Plant Sci Lett 11:159–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell DW (1971) The metabolism of aromatic compounds in higher plants. X. Properties of the cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase of pea seedlings and some aspects of its metabolic and developmental control. J Biol Chem 246:3870–3878

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santel H-J, Apel K (1981) The protochlorophyllide holochrome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The effect of light on the NADPH : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Eur J Biochem 120:95–103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasakawa H, Yamamoto Y (1979) Effects of red, far-red and blue light on enhancement of nitrate reductase activity and on nitrate uptake in etiolated rice seedlings. Plant Physiol 63:1098–1101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasiki Y, Tomi H, Kamikubo T (1979) Effect of light on the solubulised RNA polymerase level in pea buds. Plant Sci Lett 14:355–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawnhey SK, Naik MS (1972) Role of light in the synthesis of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in rice seedlings. Biochem J 130:475–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherf H, Zenk MH (1967) Induction of anthocyanin and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase formation by a high energy light reaction and its control through the phytochrome system. Z Pflanzenphysiol 56:203–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schimke RT (1975) Methods for analysis of enzyme synthesis and degradation in animal tissues. Methods Enzymol 60:241–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimke RT, Rhoads RE, McKnight GS (1974) Assay of ovalbumin mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate. Methods Enzymol 30:694–701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer P (1977) Phytochrome control of enzymes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28:223–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer P, Mohr H (1972) Phytochrome-mediated induction of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase in mustard seedlings. A contribution to eliminate some misconceptions. Plant Physiol 49:8–10

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer P, Plachy C (1973) Die organspezifische Photodetermination der Entwicklung von Perooxydaseaktivität im Senfkeimling (Sinapis alba L.) durch Phytochrom. I. Kinetische Analyse. Z Naturforsch Teil C 28:296–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder J, Schäfer E (1980) Radioiodinated antibodies, a tool in studies on the presence and role of inactive enzyme forms: Regulation of chalcone synthase in parsley cell suspension cultures. Arch Biochem Biophys 203:800–808

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder J, Betz B, Hahlbrock K (1977) Messenger RNA-controiled increase of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in parsley. Light-independent induction by dilution of cell suspension cultures into water. Plant Physiol 60:440–445

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder J, Heller W, Hahlbrock K (1979a) Flavanone synthase: simple and rapid assay for the key enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant Sci Lett 14:281–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder J, Kreuzaler F, Schäfer E, Hahlbrock K (1979b) Concomitant induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and flavanone synthase mRNAs in irradiated plant cells. J Biol Chem 254:57–65

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schrott EL, Rau W (1977) Evidence for a photoinduced synthesis of poly(A) containing mRNA in Fusarium aquaeductum. Planta 136:45–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schutz G, Kieval S, Groner B, Sippel AE, Kurtz DT, Feigelson P (1977) Isolation of specific messenger RNA by adsorption of polysomes to matrix-bound antibody. Nucl Acid Res 4:71–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro DJ, Taylor JM, McKnight GS, Palauos R, Gonzalez C, Kiely ML, Schimke RT (1974) Isolation of hen oviduct ovalbumin and rat liver albumin polysomes by indirect immunoprecipitation. J Biol Chem 249:3665–3671

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma R, Malik CP (1978) Effect of light on pollen germination, tuber elongation and IAA-oxidase in Campsis grandiflora Biochem Physiol Pflanz 173:451–455

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma R, Sopory SK, Guha-Mukherjee S (1976) Phytochrome regulation of peroxidase activity in maize. Plant Sci Lett 6:69–75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma R, Sopory SK, Guha-Mukherjee S (1977) Phytochrome regulation of peroxidase activity in maize. II. Interaction with hormones, acetylcholine and cAMP. Z Pflanzenphysiol 82:417–427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegelman HW, Hendricks SB (1958) Photocontrol of anthocyanin formation in turnip and red cabbage. Plant Physiol 32:393–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisler EC, Klein WH (1963) The effect of age and various chemicals on the lag phase of chlorophyll synthesis in dark grown bean seedlings. Physiol Plant 16:315–322

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sluiters-Scholten CMT (1973) Effect of chloramphenicol and cycloheximide on the induction of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in bean leaves. Planta 113:229–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H (1976) Phytochrome-mediated assembly of polyribosomes in etiolated bean leaves. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of development. Eur J Biochem 65:161–170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H, Attridge TH (1970) Increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity due to light treatment and its significance for the mode of action of phytochrome. Phytochemistry 9:487–495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith H, Billett EE, Giles AB (1977) The photocontrol of gene expression in higher plants. Phytochem Soc Symp 14:93–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MA, Criddle RS, Peterson L, Huffaker RC (1974) Synthesis and assembly of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase enzyme during greening of barley plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 165:494–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SM, Ellis RJ (1979) Processing of small subunit precursor of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and its assembly into whole enzyme are stromal events. Nature 278:662–664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel ME, Yamamoto T, Adams SL, Di Lauro R, Avvedimento VE, de Crombrugghe B, Pastan I (1978) Construction of a recombinant bacterial plasmid containing a chick pro- 2 collagen gene sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5846–5850

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steer BT, Gibbs M (1969a) Changes in succinyl CoA synthetase activity in etiolated bean leaves caused by illumination. Plant Physiol 44:775–780

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steer BT, Gibbs M (1969b) Changes in succinyl CoA synthetase activity in etiolated bean leaves caused by illumination. Plant Physiol 44:775–780

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinitz B, Drumm H, Mohr H (1976) The appearance of competence for phytochrome- mediated anthocyanin synthesis in the cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. Planta 130:23–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stout ER, Parenti R, Mans RJ (1967) An increase in RNA polymerase activity after illumination of dark-grown maize seedlings. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 29:322–326

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SM, Slightom JL, Hall TC (1981) Intervening sequences in a plant gene. Comparison of the partial sequence of cDNA and genomic DNA of French bean phaseolin. Nature 278:37–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Surrey K (1967) Action and interaction of red and far-red radiation on lipoxidase metabolism of squash seedlings. Plant Physiol 42:421–424

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Uritani I (1977) Synthesis and turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in root tissue of sweet potato injured by cutting. Eur J Biochem 73:255–260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Matsushita K, Uritani I (1977) Some investigations on inactivation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cut-injured sweet potato tissue. Plant Cell Physiol 18:1209–1216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor JM (1979) The isolation of eukaryotic messenger RNA. Annu Rev Biochem 48:681–717

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tezuka T, Yamamoto Y (1975) Photoactivation of NAD kinase through phytochrome. Phosphate donors and cofactors. Plant Physiol 56:728–730

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thien W, Schopfer P (1975a) Control by phytochrome of cytoplasmic and plastid rRNA accumulation in cotyledons of mustard seedlings in the absence of photosynthesis. Plant Physiol 56:660–664

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thien W, Schopfer P (1975b) Stimulation of precursor rRNA synthesis in the cotyledons of mustard seedlings by phytochrome. Planta 124:215–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thornber JP (1975) Chlorophyll-proteins : light-harvesting and reaction center components of plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 26:127–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ting IP, Osmond CB (1973) Multiple forms of plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase associated with different metabolic pathways. Plant Physiol 51:448–453

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tischner R, Hüttermann A (1978) Light-mediated activation of nitrate reductase in synchronous Chlorella. Plant Physiol 62:284–286

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tischner R, Hüttermann A (1980) Regulation of glutamine synthetase by light and during nitrogen deficiency in synchronous Chlorella sorokiniana. Plant Physiol 66:805–806

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin EM (1978) Light regulation of specific mRNA species in Lemna gibba L. G-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:4749–4753

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin EM (1981) White light effects on the mRNA for the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein in Lemna gibba L. G-3. Plant Physiol 67:1078–1083

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin EM, Suttie JL (1980) Light effects on the synthesis of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Lemna gibba. L. G-3. Plant Physiol 65:641–647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tome F, Campedelli L, Bellini E (1975) Distribution of phenylalanine transaminase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in etiolated and light irradiated radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) Experientia 31:1119–1121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tong W-F, Schopfer P (1976) Phytochrome-mediated de novo synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: An approach using pre-induced mustard seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 43:4017–4021

    Google Scholar 

  • Travis RL, Jordan WR, Huffaker RC (1969) Evidence for an inactivating system for nitrate reductase in Hordeum vulgare L. during darkness that requires protein synthesis. Plant Physiol 44:1150–1156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Travis RL, Key JL, Ross CW (1974) Activation of 80S maize ribosomes by red light treatment of dark-grown seedlings. Plant Physiol 53:28–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai M-J, Trug AC, Nordstrom JL, Zimmer W, O’Malley BW (1980) Processing of high molecular weight ovalbumin and ovamucoid precursor RNAs to messenger RNA. Cell 22:219–230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Unser G, Masoner M (1972) Kinetics of monogalactosyltransferase in mustard seedlings. Naturwissenschaften 59:39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Poucke M, Barthe F (1970) Induction of glycollate oxidase activity in mustard seedlings under the influence of continuous irradiation with red and far-red light. Planta 94:308–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Poucke M, Cerff R, Barthe F, Mohr H (1970) Simultaneous induction of glycollate oxidase and glyoxylate reductase in white mustard seedlings by phytochrome. Naturwissenschaften 56:132–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijayaraghavan SJ, Sopory SK, Guha-Mukherjee S (1979) Role of light in the regulation of the nitrate reductase level in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Cell Physiol 20:1251–1261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viro M, Kloppstech K (1980) Differential expression of the genes for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein in the developing barley leaf. Planta 150:41–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace W (1974) Purification and properties of a nitrate reductase-inactivating enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta 341:265–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace W (1975) Effects of a nitrate reductase-inactivating enzyme and NAD(P)H on the nitrate reductase from higher plants and Neurospora. Biochim Biophys Acta 377:239–250

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinbaum SA, Gressel J, Reisfeld A, Edelman M (1979) Characterisation of the 32,000 dalton chloroplast membrane protein. III. Probing its biological function in Spirodela. Plant Physiol 64:828–832

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wellman E (1974) Gewebespezifische Kontrolle von Enzymen des Flavonoidstoffwechsels durch Phytochrom in Kotyledonen des Senfkeimlings (Sinapis alba L.). Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 87:275–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellmann E, Baron D (1974) Durch Phytochrom kontrollierte Enzyme der Flavonoidsyn- these in Zellsuspensionkulturen von Petersilie (Petreselinum hortense Hoffm.). Planta 119:161–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellmann E, Schopfer P (1975) Phytochrome-mediated de novo synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cell suspension cultures of parsley. Plant Physiol 55:822–827

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler AM, Hartley MR (1975) Major mRNA species from spinach chloroplasts do not contain poly(A). Nature 257:66–67

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams LE, Kennedy RA (1978) Photosynthetic carbon metabolism during leaf ontogeny in Zea mays L.: enzyme studies. Planta 142:269–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson PJ (1976) Analysis of data from DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization experiments. In: Last J (ed) Eukaryotes at the subcellular level. Dekker, New York, pp 125–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittenbach VA (1978) Breakdown of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and change in proteolytic activity during dark-induced senescence of wheat seedlings. Plant Physiol 62:604–608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu R (ed) (1979) Recombinant DNA. Methods Enzymol Vol 68. Academic Press, London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto N, Slasaki S, Asakawa S, Hasegawa M (1974) Polysome formation induced by light in Pinus thunbergii seed embryos. Plant Cell Physiol 15:1143–1146

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto N, Hasegawa M, Sasaki S, Asakawa S (1975) Red-far-red reversible effect on polysome formation in the embryos of Pinus thunbergii seeds. Plant Physiol 56:734–737

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaya T, Ohira K (1978) Reversible inactivation of nitrate reductase by its inactivating factor from rice cells in suspension culture. Plant Cell Physiol 19:1085–1089

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaya T, Solomonson LP, Oaks A (1980) Action of corn and rice inactivating proteins on a purified nitrate reductase from Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiol 65:146–150

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zielke HR, Filner P (1971) Synthesis and turnover of nitrate reductase induced by nitrate in cultured tobacco cells. J Biol Chem 246:1772–1779

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zouaghi M (1976) Phytochrome-induced changes of β-fructosidase activity in radish cotyledons. Planta 131:27–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zouaghi M, Rollin P (1976) Phytochrome control of β-fructosidase activity m radish. Phytochemistry 15:897–901

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zouaghi M, Klein-Eude D, Rollin P (1979) Phytochrome-regulated transfer of fructosi- dase from cytoplasm to cell wall in Raphanus sativis L. Hypocotyls. Planta 147:7–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker M (1963) The influence of light on synthesis of protein and of chlorogemc acid in potato tuber tissue. Plant Physiol 38:575–580

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker M (1972) Light and enzymes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 23:133–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. C. J. Lamb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. A. Lawton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Biology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    W. Shropshire Jr.

  2. Biologisches Institut II, Universität Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Schänzlestr. 1, D-7800, Freiburg, Germany

    H. Mohr

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lamb, C.J., Lawton, M.A. (1983). Photocontrol of Gene Expression. In: Shropshire, W., Mohr, H. (eds) Photomorphogenesis. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68918-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68920-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68918-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation