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Biosynthesis of the Collagen-like C1q Molecule and its Receptor Functions for Fc and Polyanionic Molecules on Macrophages

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Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 102))

Abstract

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, knowledge of immunity was limited to a few practical methods based on empirical observations, e.g., the observation by Jenner in 1798 that inoculation with cowpox material induced an immunity to smallpox. The discoveries by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch that microorganisms caused fermentations and were responsible for a number of infectious diseases, greatly advanced the concepts of susceptibility and immunity in a limited number of diseases. In the late nineteenth century, the complement system was discovered by Fodor(1887), Nuttall(1888), and Buchner (1889a, b) through studying the bactericidal action of blood serum. It was recognized that killing of bacteria in fresh serum required at least two different substances: a heat-stable (30 min, 56 °C) factor, today known to be the antibody specific for the particular microorganism; and a heat-labile factor, which was normally present in each serum. This factor was at first termed “alexine” (Buchner 1889a, b) and later designated “complement” (Pfeiffer and Issaeff 1894; Bordet 1896). On 18 May 1889, Buchner made the following Statement at a lecture in Munich: “Das Vorhandensein bakterienfeindlicher Wirkungen durch flüssige Bestandthile der Körpersäfte lässt die überall nachweisbare Thätigkeit der Phagozyten als weniger ausschlaggebend erkennen” (The presence of bactericidal action in body fluids reveals the overall detectable activity of phagocytes as less decisive). This statement by the chief advocate of the humoral theory of resistance to microbial infections was directed against the cellular theory of immunity proposed by Metchnikoff. In his answer to Buchner’s critique, Metchnikoff (1889; English translation 1905) came to the conclusion, based on his own work, that “the postulates of this theory are often not in accord with the real facts,” and that the bactericidal effect of body fluids has nothing in common with the phenomenon of immunity („la propriété bactéricide des humeurs ne correspond nullement aux phénomènes de l’immunité“).

Alexine is nothing but a leucocytic product

Elie Metchnikoff, 1905

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Abbreviations

ATEe:

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester

Con A:

concanavalin A

CRP:

C-reactive protein

C1 INH:

C1 inhibitor

DEAE:

diethylaminoethyl

DFP:

diisopropyl fluorophosphate

DNP:

dinitrophenyl

DNP-HSA:

dinitrophenylated human serum albumin

DS:

dextran sulfate

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetate

E-TNP:

trinitrophenylated erythrocyte

FCS:

fetal calf serum

FITC:

fluorescein isothioeyanate

GPS:

guinea pig serum

HSA:

human serum albumin

Ig:

immunoglobulin

LPS:

bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharide

M 199:

medium 199

NaCl:

sodium chloride

NPGB:

p-nitrophenyl-p′ -guanidinobenzoate

PA:

polyanion

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

PS:

ant venom-derived polysaccharide

RB 200:

lissamine rhodamine B

Sp54:

pentosan polysulfo ester

PVS:

polyvinyl sulfate

SDS PAGE:

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SRBC:

sheep red blood cell

TAMe:

N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester

TNP:

trinitrophenyl

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Medical Microbiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-6500, Mainz, Federal Republic of West-Germany

    Michael Loos

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  1. Michael Loos
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  1. Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    M. Cooper

  2. Martinsried, Germany

    P. H. Hofschneider

  3. Philadelphia, USA

    H. Koprowski

  4. Basel, Switzerland

    F. Melchers

  5. Gießen, Germany

    R. Rott

  6. Ladenburg, Heidelberg, Germany

    H. G. Schweiger

  7. Los Angeles, USA

    P. K. Vogt

  8. Zürich, Switzerland

    R. Zinkernagel

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Loos, M. (1983). Biosynthesis of the Collagen-like C1q Molecule and its Receptor Functions for Fc and Polyanionic Molecules on Macrophages. In: Cooper, M., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 102. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68906-2_1

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