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Genregulation bei Bakterien

  • Chapter
Genetik

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Zusammenfassung

Im vorangegangenen Kapitel haben wir ausgeführt, daß die Synthese eines Zellbestandteils aus einer Reihe von Einzelschritten besteht. Jeder Schritt wird durch ein anderes Enzym katalysiert, und jedes Enzym wird von einem oder mehreren Cistrons auf dem Chromosom codiert. Bei Bakterien und Phagen findet man die an einem bestimmten Synthese-oder Abbauweg beteiligten Gene (die schließlich das Erbmerkmal bedingen) in einer Gruppe zusammengefaßt, die man als Operon bezeichnet. Wie wir sehen werden, erleichtert dies die Regulation der Expression der Gene als funktionelle Einheit. Dies ist im Gegensatz zu der Situation bei Eukaryonten, wo verwandte Gene gewöhnlich über das ganze Genom verteilt sind. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir einige Beispiele bakterieller Operons besprechen und die Regulation ihrer Expression diskutieren. Die besondere Bedeutung der Regulation wird klar, wenn man bedenkt, daß Bakterien sich sehr schnell vermehren und, um überleben zu können, schnell auf Veränderungen ihrer Umwelt reagieren müssen. Das ist beispielsweise nötig, wenn sich die Zusammensetzung des Nährmediums ändert. Um sich schnell auf solche Veränderungen einstellen zu können, haben die Bakterien sehr effiziente Methoden entwickelt, um bestimmte Sätze von Genen anoder abschalten zu können.

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ÜBersichtsartikel Zu Kapitel

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA

    Professor Dr. Peter J. Russell

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Peter J. Russell
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© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Russell, P.J. (1983). Genregulation bei Bakterien. In: Genetik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68865-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68865-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-12063-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68865-2

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