Zusammenfassung
Vor mehr als 40 Jahren wurde erstmals nachgewiesen, daß Reize, die sich auf die Emotionalität auswirken, zur Freisetzung von Vasopressin (antidiuretisches Hormon) aus dem Hypophysenhinterlappen führen (Rydin u. Verney 1938). Untersuchungen aus jüngerer Zeit, bei denen zirkulierendes Vasopressin mit Hilfe des Radioimmunassay gemessen wurde, stimmen mit den damaligen Daten überein (van Wimersma Greidanus et al. 1979). Die Beobachtung, daß unter Verabreichung von Pitressin, einem relativ rohen Hypophysenhinterlappenextrakt, eine bedingte Avoidancereaktion lange andauert, während der α-MSH-Effekt von kurzer Dauer ist (de Wied u. Bohus 1966), legte die Vermutung nahe, daß der Hypophysenhinterlappen, Speicherorgan der im Hypothalamus gebildeten neurosekretorischen Peptide (Vasopressin und Oxytozin), ein Peptid bzw. Peptide enthält, die das Adaptationsverhalten in anderer Weise beeinflussen als die Peptide des Hypophysenvorderlappens. Da die Pitressinaktivität weitaus länger anhielt als das exogen zugeführte Peptid bzw. die Peptide anwesend waren, nahm man an, daß Pitressin auf die Bildung des Langzeitgedächtnisses einwirkt. In der Folge zeigte sich, daß Vasopressin für die langanhaltende Dauer der Avoidancereaktionen bei der Ratte verantwortlich ist (Bohus 1971 a, b; de Wied 1971). Die Wirkung ist unabhängig von den klassischen endokrinen Effekten, die Antidiurese und Blutdrucksteigerung. Durch Entfernung der C-terminalen Glycinamidaminosäurereste, was zu einer fast vollständigen Ausschaltung der endokrinen Effekte führt, wird das Aktivitätsverhalten nicht beeinflußt (Abb. 1 und de Wied et al. 1972). Später wurde auch von anderen Forschungslabors berichtet, daß Vasopressin und verschiedene Analoge dieses Peptids einen Einfluß auf die Fortdauer von Avoidancereaktionen ausüben (Kovács et al. 1977; Kovács et al. 1978; Krejci et al. 1979).
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Bohus, B. (1982). Neuropeptide und Gedächtnis. In: Bente, D., Coper, H., Kanowski, S. (eds) Hirnorganische Psychosyndrome im Alter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68557-6_12
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