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The Continental Margin of Morocco: Seismic Sequences, Structural Elements and Geological Development

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Geology of the Northwest African Continental Margin

Abstract

This paper discusses seismic sequences, structural elements and the geological development of the Moroccan continental margin from the North Tarfaya segment in the south, northward to the Tafelney Plateau, the Essaouira segment, the Mazagan Plateau, and the Pre-Rif segment.

The dominating structural unit of the Moroccan continental margin is a NNE-trending zone of salt diapirs. This zone starts southeast of Fuerteventura and continues to the north beneath the Pre-Rif nappes. The age of the salt is probably Late Triassic /earliest Jurassic. In the offshore areas, salt movement started during the Early Cretaceous. The western boundary of the diapiric province is sharp and locally fault-controlled. In the south, within the North Tarfaya segment, the diapiric zone is 10–45 km seaward of the Upper Jurassic carbonate platform edge, an additional prominent structural unit of the continental margin of Morocco. The diapiric zone broadens within the Tafelney Plateau and Essaouira segment and continues into the Southwestern Moroccan Coastal Basin.

The western boundary of the Moroccan salt diapiric province matches well with the eastern boundary of the diapiric zone of Nova Scotia (Canada). This means that before separation of the African and North American plates, one uniform evaporite basin existed. This basin broadened during the early development of the margin when the crust was uplifted, eroded, thinned and stretched by unknown crustal and subcrustal processes. The observed anomalous crust beneath the Moroccan continental lope and deep sea is interpreted to be attenuated continental crust which is contaminated by basaltic intrusions. In our opinion, the distinct western boundary of the Moroccan salt diapiric province marks the site where actual separation of Morocco and Nova Scotia began.

Following the separation (about Sinemurian), carbonates were depo–sited in the uniformly subsiding basin. About 45 million years after deposition of red beds and occur–rence of basaltic volcanism in the Southwestern Moroccan Coastal Basin, more rapid subsidence occur–red in the Middle Jurassic of those parts of the basin underlain by a contaminated thinned continental crust. This, led to the formation of a continental slope, carbonate banks and carbonate platforms. Car–bonate platform formation terminated in the earliest Cretaceous in the North Tarfaya segment, in the Early Cretaceous in the Essaouira segment and in the Late Cretaceous/?Early Tertiary on the Mazagan Plateau.

Subsidence continued until the Middle Cretaceous in the Moroccan continental margin segments with exception of the Mazagan Plateau. The Tafelney Plateau was formed during the Late Cretaceous as a result of the epeirogenetic uplift of the Western High Atlas and intensive salt diapirism. This stage of diapirism, initiated by the epeirogenetic uplift and associated with large-scale gravity glidings, caused the development of complex seismic structures in the outer parts of the Tafelney Plateau and Essaouira segment.

Major erosional events occurred between the Cenomanian and the Eocene as well as during the Oligocene and Miocene.

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  1. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften and Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, 3000, Hannover 51, Germany

    Karl Hinz, Hans Dostmann & Jürgen Fritsch

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    Ulrich von Rad  & Karl Hinz  & 

  2. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität, Olshausenstraße 40/60, 2300, Kiel, Germany

    Michael Sarnthein  & Eugen Seibold  & 

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Hinz, K., Dostmann, H., Fritsch, J. (1982). The Continental Margin of Morocco: Seismic Sequences, Structural Elements and Geological Development. In: von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Sarnthein, M., Seibold, E. (eds) Geology of the Northwest African Continental Margin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68409-8_3

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