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The Banks and the Steel Industry in the Ruhr Developments in Relations from 1873 to 1914

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German Yearbook on Business History 1981

Part of the book series: German Yearbook on Business History 1981 ((BUSINESS,volume 1981))

Abstract

The growth of the iron and steel industry before the First World War is seen in literature as closely related to the development of the major German banks. Helmut Böhme pointed out a few years ago, however, that modern research is largely based on theoretical work as the factual basis is uncertain.1 The difficulty of obtaining adequate source material raises a number of problems in an attempt to establish the significance of the banks for the development of enterprises in the iron and steel industry in the Ruhr. The records of the major banks for the period up to 1914 appear to be lost. There are virtually no public records for this field. It is therefore only possible to make statements concerning the relation between the banks and enterprises in the iron and steel industry on the basis of the archives of the enterprises themselves.

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  43. Plans to take up a loan by the Deutscher Kaiser mining company which was to be managed by the Deutsche Bank led to differences of opinion with the Disconto-Gesellschaft, which felt that “an old tradition was being infringed” and the Deutsche Bank. In a letter to Carl Klönne on 12.11.1903 August Thyssen pointed out that in addition to the Deutsche Bank, the Disconto-Gesellschaft, the Dresdner Bank and the Rheinische Bank the Schaaffhausen’sche Verein must certainly join in. “As you know, the Dresdner Bank and Schaaffhausen have always shown the greatest confidence in me. Neither of the banks has ever kept us short of credit, although in our most difficult period we, that is Thyssen & Co., owed up to 3 million and more.” Cf. GDK archives: Personenarchiv August Thyssen No. 1. The rivalry of the banks also became apparent over the 50 million loan for Krupp in 1908. A. Gwinner of the Deutsche Bank first declared: “The Deutsche Bank cannot join in a transaction which is being managed by the Dresdner Bank.” Then on 11.6.1908 Gwinner withdrew his objections to working under the Dresdner Bank’s management “in view of the close relations maintained with Krupp”. The consortium finally consisted of: the Dresdner Bank, the Bank für Handel und Industrie, the Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, the Deutsche Bank, the Disconto-Gesellschaft and Delbrück & Co. The Seehandlung, which had managed the big loan of 1874, was not to participate owing to doubts on the part of the Finance Ministry. Cf. Krupp archives WA IV 1264; FAHIV C 116. For the views of the contemporary press on the relations between the banks and heavy industry see: ZSTA Merseburg, Ministerium für Handel und Gewerbe, Rep. 120 C VIII 1 No. 72, Adh. 8, p.205f.

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  92. It was not until 1903 that the firm of Krupp was turned into a joint stock company. However, the capital held by the various members of the family amounted to between 80 and 90 million Marks before this date.

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  93. See the table in the Appendix. On concentration generally; Hans Pohl: Die Konzentration in der deutschen Wirtschaft seit dem 19. Jahrhundert. Supplement 11 to the Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte, ed. Wilhelm Treue and Hans Pohl. Wiesbaden, 1978, p.4ff.

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Feldenkirchen, W. (1981). The Banks and the Steel Industry in the Ruhr Developments in Relations from 1873 to 1914. In: Engels, W., Pohl, H. (eds) German Yearbook on Business History 1981. German Yearbook on Business History 1981, vol 1981. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68372-5_3

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