Abstract
RNA molecules play a central part in cell metabolism, either by directing the synthesis of proteins or functioning as essential components of the proteinsynthesising machinery. A detailed knowledge of their structure and metabolism is, therefore, an essential pre-requisite for an understanding of the control of protein synthesis. Since most RNA molecules arise as direct products of DNA transcription, such studies may also help to unravel the problems related to the differential control of gene expression during development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- p16S RNA :
-
precursor molecule of 16S rRNA
- p23S RNA :
-
precursor molecule of 16S rRNA
- p5S RNA :
-
precursor molecule of 5S RNA
- hnRNA :
-
heterogeneous nuclear RNA
References
Abelson J (1979) RNA processing and the intervening sequence problem. Annu Rev Biochem 48: 1035–1069
Adesnick M, Levinthal C (1969) Synthesis and maturation of ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 46: 281–303
Allet B, Rochaix JD (1979) Structure analysis at the ends of the intervening DNA sequences in the chloroplast 23 S ribosomal genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell 18: 55–60
Altman S, Smith JD (1971) Tyrosine tRNA precursor molecule polynucleotide sequence. Nature New Biol 233: 35–39
Apel K, Kloppstech K (1978) The plastid membranes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) Lightinduced appearance of mRNA coding for the apoprotein of the light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b protein. Eur J Biochem 85: 581–588
Aspart L, Cooke R, Delseny M, Guitton Y (1978) Effect of the protein-synthesis-initiation inhibitor 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide on ribonucleic acid synthesis in radish seedlings. Biochem J 176: 607–611
Bartolf M, Price CA (1979) Synthesis of poly(A)-containing RNA by isolated spinach chloroplasts. Biochemistry 18: 1677–1680
Bastos RN, Aviv H (1977) Globin RNA precursor molecules: biosynthesis and processing in erythroid cells. Cell 11: 641–650
Berger S, Schweiger HG (1975) An apparent lack of non-transcribed spacers in rDNA of a green alga. Mol Gen Genet 139: 269–275
Bohnert HJ, Schmitt JM, Hermann RG (1974) Structural and functional aspects of the plastome. III DNA- and RNA-synthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Portugal Acta Biol 14: 71–90
Bohnert HJ, Driesel AJ, Herrmann RG (1977) Transcription and processing of transcripts in isolated unbroken chloroplasts. In: Bogorad L, Weil JH (eds) Acides nucleiques et synthese des proteines chez les vegetaux. CNRS, Paris, pp 213–217
Bos JL, Heyting C, Borst P, Arnberg AC, Van Brüggen EFJ (1978) An insert in the single gene for the large ribosomal RNA in yeast mitochondrial DNA. Nature (London) 275: 336–338
Brack C, Tonegawa S (1977) Variable and constant parts of the immunoglobulin light chain gene of a mouse myeloma cell are 1250 nontranslated bases apart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5652–5656
Brawerman G (1974) Eukaryotic messenger RNA. Annu Rev Biochem 43: 621–642
Breathnach R, Mandel JL, Chambon P (1977) Ovalbumin gene is split in chicken DNA. Nature (London) 270: 314–319
Brown RD, Haselkorn R (1971) Synthesis and maturation of cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA in Euglena gracilis. J Mol Biol 59: 491–503
Burkhard G, Keller EB (1974) Poly (A) Polymerase and poly ( G) Polymerase in wheat chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 389–393
Busch H, Smetana K (1970) The nucleolus. Academic Press, London New York
Carbon J, Chang S, Kirk LI (1975) Clustered tRNA genes in Escherichia coli: transcription and processing. Brookhaven Symp Biol 26: 23–36
Cashmore AR (1979) Reiteration frequency of the gene coding for the small subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Cell 17: 383–388
Cecchini JP, Miassod R (1976) Ribosomal cistrons in higher plant cells 1. A definitivecistrons in Acer pseudoplatanus L. cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 418: 104–116
Cecchini JP, Miassod R, Ricard J (1972) Processing of precursor ribosomal RNA in suspensions of higher plant cells. FEBS Lett 28: 183–187
Chapman KSR, Ingle J (1976) The stability, polyadenylic acid content and ribonucleoprotein form of nuclear ribonucleic acid in artichoke. Biochem J 159: 585–600
Clarkson SG, Birnstiel ML, Purdom IF (1973) Clustering of transfer RNA genes of Xenopus laevis. J Mol Biol 79: 411–429
Covey SN, Grierson D (1976) Subcellular distribution and properties of poly(A)-containing RNA from cultured plant cells. Eur J Biochem 63: 599–606
Cox BJ, Turnock G (1973) Synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA in cultured plant cells. Eur J Biochem 37: 367–376
Curtiss PJ, Weissman C (1976) Puriflcation of globin messenger RNA from dimethylsulphoxide-induced friend cells and detection of a putative globin messenger RNA precursor. J Mol Bil 106: 1061–1075
Curtiss PJ, Mantei N, Weissmann C (1977) Characterization and kinetics of synthesis of 15S ß-globulin RNA, a putative precursor of ß-globulin mRNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symp 42: 971–984
Dahlberg AE, Dahlberg JE, Lund E, Tokimatsu H, Rabson AB, Calvert PC, Reynolds F, Zahalak M (1978) Processing of the 5’ end of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3598–3602
Darnell JE Jr (1979) Transcription unit for mRNA produetion in eukaryotic cells and their DNA viruses. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 22: 327–353
Darnell JE, Wall R, Tushinski RJ (1971) An adenylic acid-rich sequence in messenger RNA of HeLa cells and its possible relationship to reiterated sites in DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 1321–1325
Detchon P, Possingham JV (1973) Chloroplast ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured spinach leaf tissue. Biochem J 136: 829–836
Deutscher MP (1973) Synthesis and funetions of the C-C-A terminus of transfer RNA. Progr Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 13: 51–92
Doolittle WF (1972) Ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis and maturation in the blue green alga Anacystis. J Bacteriol 111: 316–324
Dudov KP, Debeva MD, Hadjiolov AA (1978) Processing and migration of ribosomal ribonucleic acids in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of rat liver nuclei. Biochem J 171: 375–383
Dugaiczyk A, Woo SLC, Lai EC, Mace MJJr, McReynolds L, O’Malley BW (1978) The natural ovalbumin gene contains seven intervening sequences. Nature (London) 274: 328–333
Dunn JJ, Studier FW (1975) Processing, transcription and translation of bacteriophage T7 messenger RNA. Brookhaven Symp Biol 26: 267–276
Durante M, Cionini PG, Avanzi S, Cremoni R, D’Amato F (1977) Cytological localization of the genes for the four classes of ribosomal RNA (25S, 18S, 5.8S and 5S) in polytene chromosomes of Phaseolus coccineus. Chromosoma 60: 269–282
Early P, Rogers J, Davis M, Calame K, Bond M, Wall R, Hood L (1980) Two mRNAs can be produced from a Single immunoglobulin gene by alternative RNA processing pathways. Cell 20: 313–319
Edmonds M, Vaughan M Jr, Nakazato H (1971) Polyadenylic acid sequences in the heterogeneous nuclear RNA and rapidly-labelled polyribosomal RNA of HeLa cells:possible evidence for a precursor relationship. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 68: 1336–1340
Fakan S, Bernhard W (1971) Localisation of rapidly and slowly labelled nuclear RNA as visualised by high resolution autoradiography. Exp Cell Res 67: 129–141
Faye G, Dennebouy N, Kujawa C, Jacq C (1979) Inserted sequence in the mitochondrial 23S ribosomal RNA gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet 168: 101–110
Friedrich J, Hemleben V, Meagher RB, Key JL (1979) Puriflcation and restriction endonuclease mapping of soybean 18S and 25S ribosomal RNA genes. Planta 146: 467–473
Gebauer HU, Seitz U, Seitz U (1975) Transport and processing of ribosomal RNA in plant cells after treatment with cycloheximide. Z Naturforsch 301: 213–218
Gegenheimer P, Apirion D (1978) Processing of rRNA by RNAase P: spacer tRNAs are linked to 16S rRNA in an RNAase III mutant strain of E. coli. Cell 15: 527–539
Ginsburg D, Steitz JA (1975) The 30S ribosomal precursor RNA from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 250: 5647–5654
Glover DM, Hogness DS (1977) A novel arrangement of the 28S sequences in a repeating unit of Drosophila melanogaster rDNA. Cell 10: 167–176
Goldberg RB (1980) Structural gene expression in tobacco. In: Leaver CJ (ed) Genome Organization and expression in plants. Plenum, New York, London, pp 117–126
Goldenberg CJ, Raskas HJ (1979) Splicing patterns of nuclear precursors to the mRNA for adenovirus 2 DNA binding protein. Cell 16: 131–138
Goodman HM, Olson MV, Hall BD (1977) Nucleotide sequence of a mutant eukaryotic gene: the yeast tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor SUP40. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5453–5457
Gray RE, Cashmore AR (1976) RNA synthesis in plant leaf tissue: the characterization of messenger RNA species lacking and containing polyadenylic acid. J Mol Biol 108: 595–608
Grierson D (1975) The hybridisation of [3H] poly(uridylic) acid to DNA from Phaseolusaureus Roxb. Planta 127: 87–91
Grierson D (1977) The nucleus and the Organisation and transcription of nuclear DNA. In: Smith H (ed) The molecular biology of plant cells. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 213–255
Grierson D, Covey S (1976) The properties and funetion of rapidly-labelled nuclear RNA. Planta 130: 317–321
Grierson D, Hemleben V (1977) Ribonucleic acid from the higher plant Matthiola incana. Molecular weight measurements and DNA-RNA hybridisation studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 475: 424–436
Grierson D, Loening UE (1972) Distinct transcription produets of the ribosomal genes in two different tissues. Nature New Biol 235: 80–82
Grierson D, Loening UE (1974) Ribosomal RNA precursors and the synthesis of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal ribonucleic acid in leaves of Phaseolus aureus. Eur J Biochem 44: 501–507
Grierson D, Smith H (1973) The synthesis and stability of ribosomal RNA in blue-green algae. Eur J Biochem 36: 280–285
Grierson D, Rogers ME, Sartirana ML, Loening UE (1970) The synthesis of ribosomal RNA in different organisms: structure and evolution of the rRNA precursor. Cold Spring Harbor Symp 35: 589–597
Grierson D, Covey SN, Giles AB (1976) The effect of light on RNA metabolism in developing leaves. In: Smith H (ed) Light and plant development. Butterworth, London, pp 229–253
Grierson D, Thompson JR, Garcia-Mora R, Slater RJ (1980) Ribonucleic acid synthesis by isolated mung bean nucleoli. Z Pflanzenphysiol 97: 437–447
Grummt I (1975) Synthesis of RNA molecules larger than 45S by isolated rat-liver nucleoli. Eur J Biochem 57: 159–167
Grummt I, Lindigkeit R (1973) Pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis in isolated rat-liver nucleoli. Eur J Biochem 36: 244–249
Hadjiolov AA, Nikolaev N (1976) Maturation of ribosomal ribonucleic acids and the biogenesis of ribosomes. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 31: 95–144
Haff LA, Bogorad L (1976) Poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA from plastids of maize. Biochemistry 15: 4110–4115
Hartley MR (1979) The synthesis and origin of chloroplast low-molecular-weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid in spinach. Eur J Biochem 96: 311–320
Hartley MR, Ellis RJ (1973) Ribonucleic acid synthesis in chloroplasts. Biochem J 134: 249–262
Hartley MR, Head C (1979) The synthesis of chloroplast high-molecular-weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid in spinach. Eur J Biochem 96: 301–309
Hartley MR, Head C, Gardiner J (1977) The synthesis of chloroplast RNA. In: Bogorad L, Weil JH (eds) Acides nucleiques et synthese des proteines chez les vegetaux, CNRS, Paris, pp 419–423
Haugland RA, Cline MG (1978) Capping structures at the S’-terminus of polyadenylated ribonucleic acid in Avena coleoptiles. Plant Physiol 62: 838–840
Hayes F, Vasseur M (1976) Processing of the 17-S Escherichia coli precursor RNA in the 27-S pre-ribosomal particle. Eur J Biochem 61: 433–442
Hecht NB, Woese CR (1968) Separation of bacterial robosomal ribonucleic acid from its macromolecular precursors by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Bacteriol 95: 986–990
Heizmann P (1974) Maturation of chloroplast rRNA in Euglena gracilis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 56: 112–118
Hemleben V, Grierson D (1978) Evidence that in higher plants the 25S and 18S rRNA genes are not interspersed with genes for 5S rRNA. Chromosoma 65: 353–358
Hepburn AG, Ingle J (1975) Origin of 7S ribosomal RNA in artichoke. Phytochemistry 14: 1157–1160
Higgins TJV, Zwar JA, Jacobsen JV (1976) Gibberellic acid enhances the level of translatable mRNA for a-amylase in barley aleurone layers. Nature (London) 260: 166–168
Highfield PE, Ellis RJ (1978) Synthesis and transport of the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature (London) 271: 420–424
Huez G, Marbaix G, Hubert E, Clenter V, Leclerq M, Chantrenne H, Devos R, Soreq H, Nudel U, Littauer UZ (1975) Readenylation of polyadenylate-free globin m-RNA restores its stability in vitro. Eur J Biochem 59: 589–592
Hyatt EA (1967) Polyriboadenylate synthesis by nuclei from developing sea urchin embryos. 1. Characterisation of the ATP Polymerase reaction. Biochim Biophys Acta 142: 246–253
Ikemura T, Shimura Y, Sakarno H, Ozeki H (1975) Precursor molecules of Escherichiacoli transfer RNAs accumulated in a temperature-sensitive mutant. J Mol Biol 96: 69–86
Ilgen C, Kirk LL, Carbon J (1976) Isolation and characterization of large transfer ribonucleic acid precursors from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 251: 922–929
Ingle J (1973) The regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis. In: Milborrow BV (ed) Biosynthesis and its control in plants. Academic Press, London, New York, pp 69–91
Jackson M, Ingle J (1973) The interpretation of studies on rapidly labeled ribonucleic acid in higher plants. Plant Physiol 51: 412–414
Jacobsen A, Firtel RA, Lodish MF (1974) Synthesis of messenger and ribosomal RNA precursors in isolated nuclei of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. J Mol Biol 82: 213–230
Jeffreys AJ, Flavell RA (1977) The rabbit ß-globin gene contains a large insert in the coding sequence. Cell 12: 1097–1108
Kennedy TD, Lane BG (1979) Wheat embryo ribonucleates XII. methyl-substituted nucleoside constituents and 5’-terminal dinucleotide sequences in bulk poly A-rich RNA from imbibing wheat embryos. Can J Biochem 57: 927–931
Key JL, Silflow C (1975) The occurrence and distribution of poly(A)RNA in soybean. Plant Physiol 56: 364–369
Kimmel AR, Firtel RA (1979) A family of short, interspersed repeat sequences at the 5’ end a set of Dictyostelium single-copy mRNAs. Cell 16: 787–796
Klessig DF (1977) Two Adenovirus mRNAs have a common 5’ terminal leader sequence encoded at least 10 Kb upstream from their main coding regions. Cell 12: 9–21
De Kloet SR, Andrean BAG (1976) Methylated nucleosides in polyadenylate-containing yeast messenger ribonucleic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 425: 401–408
Knapp G, Beckmann JA, Johnson PF, Fuhrman SA, Abelson J (1978) Transcription and processing of intervening sequences in yeast tRNA genes. Cell 14: 221–236
Knapp G, Ogden RC, Peebles CL, Abelson (1979) Splicing of yeast tRNA precursors: structure of the reaction intermediates. Cell 18: 37–45
Kuriyama Y, Luck DJL (1973) Ribosomal RNA synthesis in mitochondria of Neurosporacrassa. J Mol Biol 73: 425–437
Kwan S-P, Wood TG, Lingrel JB (1977) Puriflcation of a putative precursor of globulin messenger RNA mouse nucleated erythroid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 74: 178–182
Leaver CJ, Key JL (1970) Ribosomal RNA synthesis in plants. J Mol Biol 49: 671–680
Lee SY, Mendecki J, Brawerman G (1971) A polynucleotide segment rieh in adenylic acid in the rapidly-labelled polyribosomal RNA component of mouse sarcoma 180 ascites cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 1331–1335
Lerner MR, Boyle JA, Mount SM, Wolin SL, Steitz JA (1980) Are snRNPs involved in splicing? Nature (London) 283: 220–224
Lewin B (1975) Units of transcription and translation: the relationship between heterogeneous nuclear RNA and messenger RNA. Cell 4: 11–20
Lim L, Canellakis ES (1970) Adenine-rich polymer associated with rabbit-reticulocyte messenger RNA. Nature (London) 227: 710–712
Loening UE (1968) Molecular weights of ribosomal RNA in relation to evolution. J Mol Biol 38: 355–365
Lund E, Dahlberg JE (1977) Spacer transfer RNAs in ribosomal RNA transcripts of E. coli: processing of 30S ribosomal RNA in vitro. Cell 11: 247–262
McGloskey JA, Nishimura S (1977) Modified nucleosides in transfer RNA. Acc Chem Res 10: 403–410
Maden BEH (1971) The structure and formation of ribosomes in animal cells. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 22: 127–177
Maden BEH, Salim M, Robertson JS (1974) Progress in the structural analysis of mammalian 45S and ribosomal RNA. In: Nomura M, Tissieres A, Lengyl P (eds) Ribosomes. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, New York
Mangiarotti G, Turco E, Perlo C, Altruda F (1975) Role of precursor 16S RNA in assembly of E. coli 30S ribosomes. Nature (London) 253: 569–571
Mannella CA, Collins RA, Green MR, Lambowitz AM (1979) Defective splicing of mitochondrial rRNA in cytochrome-deflcient nuclear mutants of Neurospora crassa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 2635–2639
Mans RJ, Huff NJ (1975) Utilization of ribonucleic acid and deoxy oligomer primers for polyadenylic acid synthesis by adenosine triphosphate: polynucleotidyl exotransferase from maize. J Biol Chem 250: 3672–3678
Melanson DL, Ingle J (1978) Regulation of ribosomal RNA accumulation by auxin in artichoke tissue. Plant Physiol 62: 761–765
Melton DA, DeRobertis EM, Cortese R (1980) Order and intracellular location of the events involved in the maturation of a spliced tRNA. Nature (London) 284: 143–148
Miller MJ, McMahon D (1974) Synthesis and maturation of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Biochim Biophys Acta 266: 35–44
Miller OL, Beatty BR (1969) Visualization of nucleolar genes. Science 164: 955–957
Morgan EA, Ikemura T, Lindahl L, Fallon AM, Nomura M (1978) Some rRNA operons in E. coli have tRNA genes at their distal ends. Cell 13: 335–344
Munsche D, Wollgiehn R (1973) Die Synthese von ribosomaler RNA in Chloroplasten von Nicotiana rustica. Biochim Biophys Acta 294: 106–117
Nevins JR, Darnell JE (1978) Steps in the processing of AdZ mRNA: poly(A)+ nuclear sequences are conserved and poly(A) addition precedes splicing. Cell 15: 1477–1493
Niessing J, Sekeris CE (1972) A homoribopolynucleotide synthetase in rat liver nuclei associated with ribonucleoprotein particles containing DNA-like RNA. FEBS Lett 22: 83–88
Nikolaev N, Birge CH, Gotoh S, Glazier K, Schiessinger D (1975) Primary processing of high molecular weight pre-ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli and HeLa cells. Brookhaven Symp Biol 26: 175–193
Nikolaev N, Georgiev Ol, Venkov PV, Hadjiolov AA (1979) The 37S precursor to ribosomal RNA is the primary transcript of ribosomal RNA genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 127: 297–308
Pace NR (1973) Structure and synthesis of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid of prokaryotes. Bacteriol Rev 37: 562–603
Pardue ML, Brown DD, Birnstiel ML (1973) Location of the genes for 5S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus laevis. Chromosoma 42: 191–203
Peebles CL, Ogden RC, Knapp G, Abelson J (1979) Splicing of yeast tRNA precursors: a two-stage reaction. Cell 18: 27–35
Perry RP (1976) Processing of RNA. Annu Rev Biochem 45: 605–629
Perry RP, Cheng T-Y, Freed JJ, Greenberg JR, Kelly DE, Tartof KD (1970) Evolution of the transcription unit of ribosomal RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 65: 609–616
Perry RP, Bard E, Harnes BD, Kelley DE, Schibier U (1976) The relationship between hnRNA and mRNA. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 19: 275–292
Posner HB, Rosner A (1975) Effects of chloramphenicol on RNA synthesis in Spirodela chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 16: 361–365
Ragg H, Schröder J, Hahlbrock K (1977) Translation of poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-free messenger RNA for phenylanine ammonia-lyase, a plant specific protein, in a reticulocyte lysate. Biochim Biophys Acta 474: 226–233
Richter G (1973) Vorstufen der ribosomalen RNA in frei suspendierten Calluszellen der Petersilie (Petroselium sativum). Planta 113: 79–96
Robertson HD, Altman S, Smith JD (1972) Purifieation and properties of a specific Escherichia coli ribonuclease which cleaves a tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid precursor. J Biol Chem 247: 5243–5251
Rochaix JD, Malnoe P (1978) Anatomy of the chloroplast ribosomal DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell 15: 661–670
Rogers ME, Loening UE, Fräser RSS (1970) Ribosomal RNA precursors in plants. J Mol Biol 49: 681–692
Rosner A, Posner HB, Gressel J (1973) Synthesis and processing of RNA in Lemna characterization by gel electrophoresis. Plant Cell Physiol 14: 555–564
Ross J, Knecht DA (1978) Precursors of alpha and beta globin messenger RNAs. J Mol Biol 119: 1–20
Rungger D, Crippa M (1977) The primary ribosomal DNA transcript in eukaryotes. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 31: 247–269
Saini MS, Lane BG (1977) Wheat embryo ribonucleates VIII. The presence of 7 methylguanosine ‘cap structure’ in the RNA of imbibing wheat embryos. Can J Biochem 55: 819–824
Sakano H, Shimura Y (1975) Sequential processing of precursor tRNA molecules in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 72: 3369–3373
Scheer U, Trendelenburg MF, Franke WW (1973) Transcription of ribosomal RN Acistrons. Correlation of morphological and biochemical data. Exp Cell Res 80: 175–190
Scott NS (1976) Precursors of chloroplast ribosomal RNA in Euglena gracilis. Phytochemistry 15: 1207–1213
Seidel BL, Somberg EW (1978) Characterization of Neurospora crassa polyadenylated messenger ribonucleic acid: structure of the 5’ terminus. Arch Biochem Biophys 187: 108–112
Seitz U, Seitz U (1972) Kern-Plasma-Transport neusynthetisierter rRNS in Zellen einer Suspensionskultur von Petroselinum sativum. Planta 106: 141–148
Seitz U, Seitz U (1973) Biosynthese der ribosomalen RNS bei der blaugrünen Alge Anacystisnidulans. Arch Mikrobiol 90: 213–222
Seitz U, Seitz U (1979) The molecular weight of rRNA precursor molecules and their processing in higher plant cells. Z Naturforsch 34c: 253–258
Sen S, Payne PI, Osborne DJ (1975) Early ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination of rye (Seeale cereale) embryos and the relationship to early protein synthesis. Biochem J148: 381–387
Shatkin AJ (1976) Capping of eucaryotic mRNAs. Cell 9: 645–653
Shenkin A, Burdon RH (1974) Deoxyadenylate-rich and deoxyguanylate-rich regions in mammalian DNA. J Mol Biol 85: 19–40
Slater RJ, Venis MA, Grierson D (1978) Characterisation of ribonucleic acid synthesis by nuclei isolated from Zea mays. Planta 144: 89–93
Smith JD (1976) Transcription and processing of transfer RNA precursors. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 16: 25–73
Sogin ML, Pace B, Pace NR (1977) Partial puriflcation and properties of a ribosomal RNA maturation endonuclease from Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 252: 1350–1357
Sonenberg N, Trachsel H, Hecht S, Shatkin AJ (1980) Differential Stimulation of capped mRNA translation in vitro by cap binding protein. Nature (London) 285: 331–333
Spohr G, Dettori G, Manzari V (1976) Globin mRNA sequences in polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated nuclear precursor-messenger RNA from avian erythroblasts. Cell 8: 505–512
Spring H, Trendelenburg MF, Scheer U, Franke WW, Herth W (1974) Structural and biochemical studies of the primary nucleus of two green algal species, Acetabulariamediterranea and Acetabularia major. Cytobiologie 10: 1–65
Spring H, Scheer U, Franke WW, Trendelenburg MF (1975) Lambrush-type chromosomes in the primary nucleus of the green alga Acetabularia mediterranea. Chromosoma 50:25-C
Spring H, Krohne G, Franke WW, Scheer U, Trendelenburg MF (1976) Homogeneity and heterogeneity of sizes of transcriptional units and spacer regions in nucleolar genes of Acetabularia. J Microsc Biol Cell 25: 107–116
Sripati CE, Groner Y, Warner JR (1976) Methylated, blocked 5’ termini of yeast mRNA. J Biol Chem 251: 2898–2904
Stahl DA, Walker TA, Meyhack B, Pace NR (1979) Precursor-specific nucleotide sequences can govern RNA folding. Cell 18: 1133–1143
Stark BC, Kole R, Bowman EJ, Altman S (1978) Ribonuclease P: an enzyme with an essential RNA component. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3717–3721
Szekely M (1980) From DNA to protein: the transfer of genetic information. MacMillan, London
Szalay A, Munsche D, Wollgiehn R, Parthier B (1972) Ribosomal ribonucleic acid in Anacystis nidulans. Biochem J 129: 135–140
Thien W, Schopfer P (1975) Stimulations of precursor rRNA synthesis in the cotyledons of mustard seedlings by phytochrome. Planta 124: 215–217
Tilghman SM, Curtis PJ, Tiemeier DC, Leder P, Weissmann C (1978) The intervening sequence of a mouse /?-globin gene is transcribed within the 15S ß-globin RNA precursor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 1309–1313
Trendelenburg MF, Spring H, Scheer U, Franke WW (1974) Morphology of nucleolar cistrons in a plant cell, Acetabularia mediterranea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 3626–3630
Udem SA, Warner JR (1972) Ribosomal RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 65: 227–242
Verma DPS, Nash DT, Schulman H (1974) Isolation and in vitro translation of soybean leghaemoglobin mRNA. Nature New Biol 251: 74–77
Verma DPS, Maclachlan GA, Byrne H, Ewings D (1975) Regulation and translation in vitro of mRNA for cellulase from auxin treated pea epicotyls. J Biol Chem 250: 1019–1026
Weinberg RA, Penman S (1970) Processing of 45S nucleolar RNA. J Mol Biol 47: 169–178
Weinstock R, Sweet R, Weiss M, Cedar H, Axel R (1978) Intragenic DNA spacers interrupt the ovalbumin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 1299–1303
Wheeler AM, Hartley MR (1975) Major mRNA species from spinach chloroplasts do not contain poly(A). Nature (London) 257: 66–67
Wimber DE, Steffensen DM (1970) Localisation of 5S RNA genes on Drosophila chromosomes by DNA-RNA hybridisation. Science 170: 639–641
Wimber DE, Duffey PA, Steffensen DM, Prensky W (1974) Localisation of the 5S RNA genes in Zea mays by RNA-DNA hybridisation in situ. Chromosoma 47: 353–359
Winters MA, Edmonds M (1973) A poly(A) Polymerase from calf thymus. J Biol Chem 248: 4756–4762
Woodcock CLF, Stanchfield JE, Gould RR (1975) Morphology and size of ribosomal cistrons in two plant species: Acetabularia mediterranea and Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Plant Sci Lett 4: 17–23
Young RA, Steitz JA (1978) Complementary sequences 1700 nucleotides apart form a ribonuclease III cleavage site in Escherichia coli ribosomal precursor RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3593–3597
Ziff EB, Evans RM (1978) Coincidence of the promotor and capped 5’ terminus of RNA from the Adenovirus 2 major late transcription unit. Cell 15: 1463–1475
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grierson, D. (1982). RNA Processing and Other Post-Transcriptional Modifications. In: Parthier, B., Boulter, D. (eds) Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Plants II. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 14 / B. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68347-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68347-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68349-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68347-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive