Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences ((AGRICULTURAL,volume 12))

  • 197 Accesses

Abstract

Although a major portion of this text is devoted to the discussion of the three major fertilizer elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, there are nine other essential plant food nutrients which are considered as fertilizer elements and Warrant some attention. These nine elements are eonveniently placed into two groups according to quantities taken up by plants. The flrst group, termed secondary nutrients, consists of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which are required by plants in the quantitites of the same order of magnitude as the major fertilizer elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The term secondary nutrient is justified only from the view of fertilizer application and is not in accordance with the importance or essentiality of these nutrients for plant growth. The secondary nutrients are, as a general rule, not as often deficient in soils as the major nutrients. In addition, they are often applied to soils along with major fertilizer elements. Elements of the second group, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, and molybdenum, are required by plants in minute quantitites. Therefore, they are appropriately termed the micronutrients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahmed F (1976) Relationship between plant-extraetable zinc and soil zinc in calcareous soils in Turkey. Geoderma 16: 71–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson OE, Ohki K (1977) Manganese — the dependent element. Fert Solutions 21 (6): 30–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew CS (1977) The effect of sulphur on the growth, sulphur and nitrogen concentrations, and critical sulphur concentrations of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes. Aus J Agric Res 28: 807–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anter F, Rasheed MA, El-Salam MA, Metwally AI (1978) Effect of foliar apphcation of manganese, iron, and metallic chelating Compounds on the fibre quality of cotton plants grown on calcareous soils. Beitr Trop Landwirtsch Veterinaermed 16: 73–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold GH (1978) Potassium regime, dry-matter yield and magnesium content of grass. 7th Gen Meeting Eur Grassld Fed pp 9. 42–9. 53

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora BR, Sekhon GS (1977) Evaluation of soil tests for the estimation of available sulphur. J Agric Sei 88: 203–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer A (1971) Considerations in the development of soil tests for “available” zinc. Commun Soil Sei Plant Anal 2: 161–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham FT, Marsh AW, Branson R (1972) Reclamation of salt affected high boron soils in Western Kern County. Hilgardia 41: 195–211

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JC (1978) Mechanism of iron uptake by plants. Plant Cell Environ 1: 249–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan RPS, Powar SL (1978) Tolerance of wheat and pea to boron in irrigation water. Plant Soil 50: 145–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colwell JD, Grove TS (1976) Assessments of potassium and sulphur fertilizer requirements of wheat in Western Australia. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 16: 748–754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courpron C, Juste C (1975) The effeet of the incorporation of certain forms of organic matter on the development of chlorosis in plants on a clacareous soil. Ann Agron 26: 215–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox FR, Kamprath EJ (1972) Micronutrient soil tests. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds). Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 289–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungarwal HS, Mathur PN, Sing HG (1974) Comparative efflcacy of sulphuric acid and sequestrine 138 Fe foliar sprays in the prevention of chlorosis in com. Plant Soil 41: 207–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egmond F van, Aktas M (1977) Iron-nutritional aspects of the ionic balance of plants. Plant Soil 48: 685–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Kobbia T, Hamdi T, Abd-Elhady A (1971) Effect of boron fertilization on yield of sugar beet grown in calcareous soils. U A R J Soil Sei 11: 53–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis R Jr (1977) Zinc — one key to profit. Fert Solutions 21 (5): 18–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Elrashidi MA, Shehata A, Wahab M (1977) Copper in some saline alkali soil of Egypt. Agrochimica 21: 226–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elseewi AA, Elmalky AE (1979) Boron distribution in soils and waters of Egypt. Soil Sei Soc Am J 43: 297–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fine LO, Shannon DG (1976) Growth and composition of Sudangrass on high-calcium, low-magnesium soil. Agron J 68: 671–674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foroughi M, Marschner H, Döring HW (1973) Occurrence of boron deflciency in Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange) in the Caspian Sea area ( Iran ). Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd 136: 220–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox RL, Kang BT, Wilson GF (1979) A comparative study of the sulfur nutrition of banana and plantain. Fruits 34: 525–534

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilkes RJ, Lim-Nunez R (1979) The insoluble copper phosphates in copper superphosphate and their availability to plants. Aust J Soil Res 17: 325–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano PM, Mortvedt JJ (1972) Agronomie effectiveness of micronutrients in macronutrient fertilizers. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds). Micronutrients in agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc Madison Wisc pp 505–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman BA, Cheshire MV (1976) The occurrence of copper-porphyrin complexes in soil humic acids. J Soil Sei 27: 337–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grunes PL, Stout PR, Brownell JR (1970) Grass tetany in ruminants. Adv Agron 22: 331–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagstrom GR (1977) A closer look at molybdenum. Fert Solutions 21 (4): 18–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Hergert GW, Reuss JC (1976) Sprinkler application of P and Zn fertilizers. Agron J 68: 5–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hester B (1979) Sulphur — the fourth major nutrient. Fert Solutions 23 (6): 44–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill WE, Morrill LG (1975) Boron, calcium and potassium interactions in Spanish peanuts. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 39: 80–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hochberg M, Lahav N (1976) Soluble iron in several soils fertilized by sequestrene 138 Fe. Agrochimica 20: 213–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Holevas CD (1971) Foliar sprays with magnesium salts for the control of magnesium deficiency of orange trees. Ann Inst Phytopathol Benaki 10: 171–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Il’in VB, Anikina AP (1974) Boron salinization of soils. Soviet Soil Sei 6 (l): 68–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar BRV, Deb DL (1978) Effect of different forms of zinc on the availability and uptake of zinc in some Indian soils. Fert Techn 15: 132–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JB Jr (1972) Plant tissue analysis for micronutrients. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 319–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones MB, Ruekman JE (1973) Longterm effects of phosphorus, sulfur, and molybdenum on a subterranean clover pasture. Soil Sei 115: 343–348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones WF, Nelson LE (1979) Manganese concentration in soybean leaves as affected by cultivars and soil properties. Commun Soil Sei Plant Anal 10: 821–830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones WW, Embleton TW, Opitz KW (1971) Effects of foliar applied Mg on yield, fruit quality and macronutrients of “Washington” navel orange. J Am Soc Hortic Sei 96: 68–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbasi M, Racz GJ, Lewen-Rudgers LA (1978) Reaction produets and solubility of applied zinc Compounds in some Manitoba soils. Soil Sei 125: 55–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keisling TC, Lauer DA, Walker ME, Henning RJ (1977) Visual, tissue, and soil faetors associated with Zn toxicity in peanuts. Agron J 69: 765–769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A (1979) Distribution of DTPA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu in soil particle-size fractions. Commun Soil Sei Plant Anal 10: 1211–1218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Zende GK (1977) The site for Zn-P interactions in plants. Plant Soil 46: 259–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MIA, Ryan J (1978) Manganese availabihty of calcareous soils of Lebanon. Agron J 70: 411–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan ZD, Ryan J, Berger KC (1979) Available boron in calcareous soils of Lebanon. Agron J 71: 688–690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss AS (1979) Germination Stimulation by magnesium, and the mechanism of action. Acta Agron Acad Sei Hung 28: 384–390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota J, Allaway WH (1972) Geographie distribution of trace element problems. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc pp 525–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav N, Zipori I (1978) Fixation of iron apphed as Fe EDTA: effect of calcium concentration and soil solid phase. Soil Sei Soc Am J 42: 255–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL (1972 a) Zinc in soils and plant nutrition. Adv Agron 24: 147–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL ( 1972 b) Inorganic phase equilibria of micronutrients in soils. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 41–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sei Soc Am J 42: 421–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locascio SJ (1978) Copper as a micronutrient. Fert Solutions 22 (l): 30–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RE, Knezek BD (1972) Climatic and soil conditions promoting micronutrient deficiencies in plants. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giardano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 265–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Mashhady AA, Rowell DL (1978) Soil alkalinity. II. The effects of Na2CO3 on iron and manganese supply to tomatoes. J Soil Sei 29: 367–372

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathers AC (1970) Effect of ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid on grain sorghum yields. Agron J 62: 555–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayland HF, Granes DL (1974) Magnesium concentration in Agropyron desertorum fertilized with Mg and N. Agron J 66: 79–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mengel K, Kirkby EA (1978) Principles of plant nutrition. Potash Inst, Bern Switzerland, pp 433–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Mengel K, Scherer HW, Malissiovas N (1979) Chlorosis with respeet to soil ehemistry and the nutrition of vines. Mitt Klosterneuburg 29: 151–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JH (1976) Soil analysis as a guide to predicting zinc deficiency in sugarbelt soils. Proc Air Sugar Technol Assoc 50: 135–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortvedt JJ, Cunningham HH (1971) Production, marketing and use of other secondary and micronutrient fertilizers. In: Olson RA (ed) Fertilizer technology and use. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 413–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortvedt JJ, Wallace A, Curley RD (1977) Iron — the elusive micronutrient. Fert Solutions 21 (1): 26–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss GL, Higgins ML (1974) Magnesium influences on the fruit quality of sweet orange. Plant Soil 41: 103–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy LS, Walsh LM (1972) Correction of micronutrient deficiencies with fertilizers. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 347–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrot J, Ravikovitch S (1968) Zinc availability in calcareous soils. II. Relation between available zinc and response to zinc fertilization. Soil Sei 105: 184–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann PM, Prinz R (1975) Foliar iron spray potentiates growth of seedlings on iron-free media. Plant Physiol 55: 988–990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nor YM, Tabatabai MA (1977) Oxidation of elemental sulfur in soils. Soil Sei Soc Am J 41: 736–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohki K, Anderson OE, Jones LS (1976) Residual Zn availability related to growth and nutrient

    Google Scholar 

  • gradients in com. Agron J 68: 612–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohki, K, Boswell FC, Parker MB, Shuman LM, Wilson DO (1979) Critical manganese deficiency level of soybean related to leaf position. Agron J 71: 233–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SR (1972) Micronutrient reactions. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay WL (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Sei Soc Am Inc, Madison Wisc, pp 243–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Orphanos PI (1975) Spray application of zinc to young apple trees. Hortic Res 15: 23–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozbek N (1969) The diagnosis of trace element deficiencies in orange orchards in citrus areas according to Visual symptoms, leaf and soil analysis. Ist Proc Int Citr Symp, California 3: 1513–1519

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsa AA, Wallace A, Martin JP (1979) Enhancement of iron availability by some organic materials. J Agric Sei 93: 115–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul R (1976) Translocation of sulphur of atmospheric origin in plants. Bull Soc R Bot Belg 109: 13–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkerton A, Person PN (1974) Effects of foliar application of magnesium sulphate on the quality and magnesium content of fluecured tobacco. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 14: 677–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prather RJ (1977) Sulfuric acid as an amendment for reclaiming soils high in boron. Soil Sei Soc Am J 41: 1098–1101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Procopiou J, Wallace A, Alexander GV (1976) Microelement composition of plants grown with low to high levels of sulfur applied to calcareous soil in a glasshouse. Plant Soil 44: 359–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabuffetti A, Kamprath EJ (1977) Yield, N, and S content of corn as affected by N and S fertilization on Coastal Piain soils. Agron J 69: 785–788

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramig RE, Rasmussen PE, Allmaras RR, Smith CM (1975) Nitrogen-sulfur relations in soft white winter wheat. I. Yield response to fertilizer and residual sulfur. Agron J 67: 219–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen PE, Ramig RE, Allmaras RR, Smith CM (1975) Nitrogen-sulfur relations in soft white winter wheat. II. Initial and residual effects of sulfur application on nutrient concentration, uptake, and N/S ratio. Agron J 67: 224–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Remon J, Goodale T, Ward J, Whitcomb CE (1977) Effects of sulfur on reducing the pH of an alkaline soil. Res Rept Agric Exp Sta, Oklahoma State Univ P 760: 18–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuter DJ, Heard TG, Aiston AM (1973) Correction of manganese deflciency on barley crops on calcareous soils. I. Manganous sulphate applied at sowing and as foliar sprays. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 13: 434–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan J, Stroehlein JL (1979) Sulfuric acid treatment of calcareous soils: Effects on phosphorus solubility, inorganic phosphorus forms, and plant growth. Soil Sei Am J 43: 731–735

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla UC, Prasad KG (1976) Available zinc status of arid brown soils of Haryana. Indian J Agric Chem 9: 31–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AP, Sakal R, Thakur KN, Sinha H (1980) Response of wheat to zinc and its critical level in old alluvium soils. J Agric Sei 95: 175–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MW, Storey JB (1979) Zinc concentration of peean leaflets and yield as influenced by zinc source and adjuvants. J Am Soc Hortic Sei 104: 474–477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soliman MF, Soliman NF, Farah NA, Antar JM (1979) Response of barley plants to nitrogen and zinc fertilization in calcareous soils. Agrochimica 23: 288–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart-Jones W (1977) The use of ferrous sulphate for treatment of chlorosis in sorghum at Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. Publ Joint Agric Res Develop Proj Univ Coli North Wales Bangor and Min Agric and Water Saudi Arabia No 98: 16 pp Sulphur Institute (1977) Agri-Sul starts production in Canada. Sulphur Inst J 12: 2–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Takkar PN, Mann MS, Bansal RL, Randhawa NS, Hardev S (1976) Yield and uptake response of corn to zinc, as influenced by phosphorus fertilization. Agron J 68: 942–946

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terman GL, Allen SE, Giordano PM (1973) Dry matter yield-N and S concentration relationships and ratios in young corn plants. Agron J 65: 633–636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trierweiler FJ, Lindsay WL (1969) EDTA — ammonium carbonate soil test for zinc. Soil Sei Soc Am Proc 33: 49–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Romney EM, Alexander GV (1976) Banding of sulfur and sulfuric acid in soil in which iron-inefflcient plants were grown. Commun Soil Sei Plant Anal 7: 7–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Wood RA, Soufi SM (1976) Cation-anion balance in lime-induced chlorosis. Commun Soil Sei Plant Anal 7: 15–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermann DT (1974) Indexes of sulphur deflciency in alfalfa. I. Extractable soil S04-S. Agron J 66: 578–581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermann DT (1975) Indexes of sulfur deflciency in alfalfa. II. Plant analyses. Agron J 67: 265–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hagin, J., Tucker, B. (1982). Secondary and Micronutrients. In: Fertilization of Dryland and Irrigated Soils. Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68327-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68327-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68329-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68327-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics