Abstract
Defective interfering virus (DI) particles represent a major controlling element of virus replication. They are constantly generated at low levels by infectious virus and only amplify to interfering levels when the parent helper vims is abundant. This autointerference phenomenon, as it was called when first discovered, is achieved by rearrangements and deletions of the standard virus genome such that the resulting “incomplete form” of the virus can preferentially replicate.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Adachi I, Lazzarini RA (1978) Elementary aspects of autointerference and the replication of defective virus particles. Virology 87: 152–163
Adler R, Baneijee AK (1976) Analysis of the RNA species isolated from defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Gen Virol 33: 51–60
Agol VI (1980) Structure, translation, and replication of picornaviral genomes. Prog Med Virol 26: 119–157
Ahmed R, Fields BN (1981) Reassortment of genome segments between reovirus defective interfering particles and infectious virus: Construction of temperature-sensitive and attenuated viruses by rescue of mutations from DI particles. Virology, (in press)
Ahmed R, Graham AF (1977) Persistent infections in L cells with temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. J Virol 23: 250–262
Atabekov JG (1977) Defective and satellite plant viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 11, Plenum Press, New York, pp 143–193
Baltimore D (1971) Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriol Rev 35: 235–241
Baneijee A (1980) The in vitro mRNA transcription process. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdoviruses, vol II, CRC Press, Florida, pp 35–50
Baneijee AK, Abraham G, Colonno RJ (1977) Vesicular stomatitis virus: Mode of transcription. J Gen Virol 34: 1–8
Bay PHS, Reichmann ME (1979) UV inactivation of the biological activity of defective interfering particles generated by vesicular stomatitis vims. J Virol 32: 876–884
Bay PHS, Reichmann ME (1981) In vivo inhibition of primary transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus by a defective interfering particle. In: Bishop DHL, Compans RW (eds) Replication of negative strand viruses. Elsevier North Holland, New York
Bean WJ, Simpson RW (1976) Transcription activity and genome composition of defective influenza virus. J Virol 18: 365–369
Bellett A JD, Cooper PD (1959) Some properties of the transmissible interfering component of VSV preparations. J Gen Microb 21: 498–509
Bishop DHL, Shope RE (1979) Bunyaviridae. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 14. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1–132
Blumberg BM, Leppert M, Kolakofsky D (1981) Interaction of VSV leader RNA and nucleocapsid protein may control VSV genome replication. Cell 23: 831–845
Blumenthal T, Carmichael GG (1979) RNA replication: Function and structure of Qß-replicase. Annu Rev Biochem 48:525–548
Bostian KA, Hopper JE, Rogers DT, Tipper DJ (1980) Translation analysis of the killer-associated virus-like particle ds RNA genome of S. cerevisiae: M ds RNA encodes toxin. Cell 19: 403–414
Brockman WW (1977) Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40. Prog Med Virol 23: 69–95
Bruenn JA (1980) Virus-like particles of yeast. Ann Rev Microbiol 34:49–68
Bruenn JA, Brennan VE (1980) Yeast viral double-stranded RNAs have heterogenous 3’ termini. Cell 19: 923–933
Bruenn J, Kane W (1978) Relatedness of the double-stranded RNAs present in yeast virus-like particles. J Virol 26: 762–772
Bruton CJ, Kennedy SIT (1976) Defective-interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus: Structural differences between standard virus and defective-interfering particles. J Gen Virol 31:383–395
Bruton CJ, Porter A, Kennedy SIT (1976) Defective-interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus: Intracellular events during interference. J Gen Virol 31: 397–416
Canaani E, Aaronson SA (1980) Isolation and characterization of naturally occurring deletion mutants of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Virology 105: 456–466
Carroll D, Hansen JL, Maryon EB, O’Neill F (1981) SV40 defectives selected during low multiplicity passage on A172 human glioblastoma cells. Virology, (in press)
Celma ML, Ehrenfeld E (1975) Translation of poliovirus RNA in vitro: Detection of two initiation sites. J Mol Biol 98:761–780
Chanda PK, Kang CY, Baneijee AK (1980) Synthesis in vitro of the full length complement of defective-interfering particle RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3927–3931
Chen T-C, Ray DS (1978) Replication of bacteriophage M13. XIII. Structure and replication of cloned M13 miniphage. J Mol Biol 125: 107–121
Choppin PW (1969) Replication of influenza virus in a continuous cell line: High yield of infectious virus from cells inoculated at high multiplicity. Virology 39: 130–134
Choppin PW, Compans RW (1975) Reproduction of paramyxoviruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 4. Plenum Press, New York, pp 95–178
Choppin PW, Pons MW (1970) The RNAs of infective and incomplete influenza virions grown in MDBK and HeLa cells. Virology 42: 603
Chow JM, Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME (1977) Expression of genetic information contained in the RNA of a defective interfering particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 77: 579–588
Clerx-Van Haaster CM, Clewly JP, Bishop DHL (1980) Oligonucleotide sequence analyses indicate that VSV LT defective interfering virus particle RNA is made by internal deletion, and evidence for similar transcription polyadenylation signals for the synthesis of all VSV mRNA species. J Virol 33: 807–817
Clewley JP, Bishop DHL (1978) Evolution of rhabdovirus genomes. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, London, pp 599–606
Clewley JP, Bishop DHL, Kang C-Y, Coffin J, Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME, Shope RE (1977) Oligonucleotide fingerprints of RNA species obtained from rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup. J Virol 23: 152–166
Cole CN (1975) Defective interfering (DI) particles of poliovirus. Prog Med Virol 20:180–207
Cole CN, Baltimore D (1973a) Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. II. Nature of the defect. J Mol Biol 76: 325–343
Cole CN, Baltimore D (1973b) Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. III. Interference and enrichment. J Mol Biol 76: 345–361
Cole CN, Baltimore D (1973c) Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. IV. Mechanisms of enrichment. J Virol 12: 1414–1426
Cole CN, Smoler D, Wimmer E, Baltimore D (1971) Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. I. Isolation and physical properties. J Virol 7: 478–485
Colonno RJ, Baneijee AK (1978) Complete nucleotide sequence of the leader RNA synthesized in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 15: 93–101
Colonno RJ, Baneijee AK (1978b) Nucleotide sequence of the leader RNA of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. Nucleic Acids Res 5: 4165–4176
Colonno RJ, Lazzarini RA, Keene JD, Baneijee AK (1977) In vitro synthesis of messenger RNA by a defective interfering particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1884–1888
Cooper PD (1977) Genetics of picornaviruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Com¬prehensive virology, vol 9. Plenum Press, New York, pp 133–207
Cords CE, Holland JJ (1964) Replication of poliovirus RNA induced by heterologous virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51: 1080–1082
Coward JE, Harter DH, Hsu KC, Morgan C (1971) Electron microscopic study of development of vesicular stomatitis virus using ferritin-labeled antibodies. J Gen Virol 13: 27–34
Crumpton WM, Dimmock NJ, Minor PD, Avery RJ (1978) The RNAs of defective-interfering influenza virus. Virology 90: 370–373
Crumpton WM, Clewley JP, Dimmock NJ, Avery RJ (1979) Origin of subgenomic RNAs in defective-interfering influenza virus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 6: 431–434
Crumpton WM, Avery RJ, Dimmock NJ (1981) Influence of the host cell on the genomic and subgenomic RNA content of defective-interfering influenza virus. J Gen Virol 53: 173–177
Darnell MB, Koprowski H (1974) Genetically determined resistance to infection with group B arbo-viruses. II. Increased production of interfering particles in cell cultures from resistant mice. J Infect Dis 129: 248–256
Davis AR, Nayak DP (1979) Sequence relationships among defective interfering influenza viral RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 3092–3096
Davis AR, Hiti AL, Nayak DP (1980) Influenza defective interfering viral RNA is formed by internal deletion of genomic RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 215–219
De BK, Nayak DP (1980) Defective interfering influenza viruses and host cells: Establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in MDBK and HeLa cells. J Virol 36: 847–859
de la Maza LM, Carter B J (1980) Molecular structure of adeno-associated virus variant DNA. J Biol Chem 255: 3194–3203
Dimmock NJ, Kennedy SIT (1978) Prevention of death in Semliki Forest virus infected mice by administration of defective interfering Semliki Forest Virus. J Gen Virol 39: 231–242
Dohner D, Monroe S, Weiss B, Sehlesinger S (1979) Oligonucleotide mapping studies of standard and defective Sindbis virus RNA. J Virol 29:794–798
Domingo E, Sabo D, Taniguchi T, Weissman C (1978) Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of an RNA phage population. Cell 13: 735–744
Dubin DT, Timko K, Gillies S, Stollar V (1979) The extreme 5’ terminal sequences of Sindbis virus 26 and 42s RNA. Virology 98: 131–141
Duesberg PH (1968) The RNA’s of influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59: 930–937
Dutko FJ, Pfau CJ (1978) Arenavirus defective interfering particles mask the cell-killing potential of standard virus. J Gen Virol 38: 195–208
Eaton BT (1975) Defective-interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus generated in BHK cells do not interfere with viral RNA synthesis in Aedes albopictus cells. Virology 68: 534–538
Eaton BT (1977) Evidence for the synthesis of defective particles by Aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with Sindbis virus. Virology 77: 843–848
Eaton BT, Faulkner P (1973) Altered pattern of viral RNA synthesis in cells infected with standard and defective Sindbis virus. Virology 51: 85–93
Emerson SU, Wagner RR (1972) Dissociation and reconstitution of the transcriptase and template activities of vesicular stomatitis B and T virions. J Virol 10: 297–309
Emerson SU, Dierks PM, Parsons JT (1977) In vitro synthesis of a unique RNA species by a T particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 23: 708–716
Enea V, Zinder ND (1975) A deletion mutant of bacteriophage fl containing no intact cistrons. Virology 68: 105–114
Epstein DA, Herman RC, Chien I, Lazzarini RA (1980) Defective interfering particle generated by internal deletion of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome. J Virol 33: 818–829
Estis LF, Temin HM (1979) Suppression of multiplication of avian sarcoma virus by rapid spread of transformation-defective virus of the same subgroup. J Virol 31: 389–397
Fareed GC, Davoli D (1977) Molecular biology of papovaviruses. Annu Rev Biochem 46: 471–522
Faulkner GP, Lazzarini RA (1980) Homologous interference by defective virus particles. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdovirases, vol II, CRC Press, Florida, pp 163–176
Faust EA, Ward DC (1979) Incomplete genomes of the parvovirus minute virus of mice: Selective conservation of genome termini, including the origin for DNA replication. J Virol 32: 276–292
Flamand A (1980) Rhabdovirus genetics. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdovirases, vol II, CRC Press, Florida, pp 115–140
Freeman GJ, Rao DD, Huang AS (1978) Genome organization of vesicular stomatitis virus: Mapping ts G 41 and the defective interfering T particle. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, London, pp 261–270
Frenkel N, Locker H, Vlazny DA (1980) Studies of defective herpes simplex viruses. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 347–370
Frey TK, Jones EV, Cardamone Jr JJ, Youngner JS (1979) Induction of interferon in L cells by defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus: lack of correlation with content of [±] snapback RNA. Virology 99: 95–102
Frey TK, Frielle DW, Youngner JS (1981) Standard vesicular stomatitis virus is required for interferon induction in L cells by defective interfering particles. In: Bishop DHL, Compans RW (eds) Replication of negative strand viruses. Elsevier North Holland, New York
Fried HM, Fink GR (1978) Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis of “killer” double-stranded RNA species from yeast Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 4224–4228
Fried M, Griffin BE (1977) Organization of the genomes of polyoma virus and SV40. Adv Cancer Res 24: 67–113
Friedman RM, Costa JR (1976) Fate of interferon treated cells. Infect Immun 13: 487–493
Furman PA, Hallum JV (1973) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in preparations of a mutant of Newcastle disease virus arising from persistently infected L cells. J Virol 12: 548–555
Gaidamovich SY, Cheredniehenko YN, Zhdanov VM (1978) On the mechanism of the persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the continuous cell line Detroit-6. Intervirology 9: 156–161
Garoff H, Frischauf A-M, Simons K, Lehrach H, Delius H (1980a) Nucleotide sequence of cDNA coding for Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins. Nature 288: 236–241
Garoff H, Frischauf A-M, Simons K, Lehrach H, Delius H (1980b) The capsid protein of Semliki Forest virus has clusters of basis amino acids and prolines in its ammo-terminal region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 6376–6380
Gillies S, Stollar V (1980a) The production of high yields of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus in A, albopictus cells and comparisons with replication in BHK-21 cells. Virology 107: 509–513
Gillies S, Stollar V (1980b) Generation of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus in Aedes albopictus cells. Virology 107: 497–508
Gimenez HB, Compans RW (1980) Defective interfering Tacaribe virus and persistently infected cells. Virology 107: 229–239
Griffith J, Kornberg A (1974) Mini M13 bacteriophage: Circular fragments of M13 DNA are replicated and packaged during normal infections. Virology 59: 139–152
Guild GM, Stollar V (1975) Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. III. Intracellular viral RNA species in chick embryo cell cultures. Virology 67: 24–41
Guild GM, Stollar V (1977) Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. V. Sequence relationships between SVSTD 42S RNA and intracellular defective viral RNAs. Virology 77: 175–188
Guild GM, Flores L, Stollar V (1977) Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. IV. Virion RNA species and molecular weight determination of defective double-stranded RNA. Virology 77: 158–174
Haase AT, Stowring L, Ventura P, Traynor B, Johnson K, Swoaveland P, Smith M, Britten-Darnall MB, Faras A, Narayan O (1977) Role of DNA intermediates in persistent infections caused by RNA viruses. In: Schlessinger D (ed) Microbiology-1977. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp 478–483
Hagen FS, Huang AS (1981) Comparison of ribonucleotide sequences from the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus and two of its defective-interfering particles. J Virol 37: 363–371
Hastie ND, Brennan V, Bruenn JA (1978) No homology between double stranded RNA and nuclear DNA of yeast. J Virol 28: 1002–1005
Henry BE, Newcomb WW, O’Callaghan DJ (1979) Biological and biochemical properties of defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus type 1. Virology 92: 495–506
Herman RC, Adler S, Lazzarini RA, Colonno RJ, Baneijee AK, Westphal H (1978) Intervening polyadenylate sequences in RNA transcripts of vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 15: 587–596
Hill VM, Simonsen CC, Summers DF (1979) Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus replicating complexes isolated in renografm gradients. Virology 99: 75–83
Holland JJ, Villarreal LP (1974) Persistent non-cytocidal vesicular stomatitis virus infections mediated by defective T particles that suppress virion transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 2956–2960
Holland J J, Villarreal LP (1975) Purification of defective interfering T particles of vesicular stomatitis and rabies viruses generated in vivo in brains of newborn mice. Virology 67: 438–449
Holland JJ, Villarreal LP, Breindl M (1976a) Factors involved in the generation and replication of rhabdovirus defective T particles. J Virol 17: 805–815
Holland JJ, Villarreal LP, Breindl M, Semler BL, Kohne D (1976b) Defective interfering virus particles attenuate virus lethality in vivo and in vitro. In: Baltimore D, Huang AS, Fox CF (eds) Animal virology. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol IV. Academic Press, New York, pp 773–786
Holland JJ, Villarreal LP, Welsh RM, Oldstone MBA, Kohne D, Lazzarini R, Scolnick E (1976c) Long-term persistent vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus infection of cells in vitro. J Gen Virol 33: 193–211
Holland JJ, Semler BL, Jones C, Perrault J, Reid L, Roux L (1978) Role of DI, virus mutation, and host response in persistent infections by envelope RNA viruses. In: Stevens JG, Todaro GJ, Fox CP (eds) Persistent viruses. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol XI. Academic Press, New York, pp 57–73
Holland JJ, Grabau EA, Jones CL, Semler BL (1979) Evolution of multiple genome mutations during long-term persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 16: 495–504
Holland JJ, Kennedy SIT, Semler BL, Jones CL, Roux L, Grabau EA (1980) Defective interfering RNA viruses and the host cell response. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol. 16. Plenum Press, New York, pp 137–192
Horodyski FM, Holland JJ (1980) Viruses isolated from cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus show altered interactions with defective interfering particles. J Virol 36: 627–631
Huang AS (1973) Defective interfering viruses. Ann Rev Microbiol 27: 101–117
Huang AS (1977) Viral pathogenesis and molecular biology. Bacteriol Rev 41: 811–821
Huang AS, Baltimore D (1970) Defective viral particles and viral disease processes. Nature 226: 325–327
Huang AS, Baltimore D (1977) Defective interfering animal viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 10. Plenum Press, New York, pp 73–106
Huang AS, Manders EK (1972) Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. IV. Transcription by standard virus in the presence of defective interfering particles. J Virol 9: 909–916
Huang AS, Little SP, Oldstone MBA, Rao D (1978) Defective interfering particles: Their effect on gene expression and replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. In: Stevens JG, Todaro GH, Fox CF (eds) Persistent viruses. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol VI. Academic Press, New York, pp 399–408
Huang AS, Rao DD, Lanman G (1981) Defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus: structure-function relationships. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 238–250
Humphries S, Knauert F, Ehrenfeld E (1979) Capsid protein precursor is one of two initiated products of translation of poliovirus RNA in vitro. J Virol 30: 481–488
Igarashi A, Stollar V (1976) Failure of defective-interfering particles of Sindbis virus produced in BHK or chicken cells to affect viral replication in Aedes albopictus cells. J Virol 19: 398–408
Igarashi A, Koo R, Stollar V (1977) Evolution and properties of Aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with Sindbis virus. Virology 82: 69–83
Jacobson S, Dutko FJ, Pfau CJ (1979) Determinants of spontaneous recovery and persistence in MDCK cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J Gen Virol 44: 113–121
Janda JM, Nayak DP (1979) Defective influenza viral ribonucleoproteins cause interference. J Virol 32: 697–702
Janda JM, Davis AR, Nayak DP, De BK (1979) Diversity and generation of defective interfering influenza virus particles. Virology 95: 45–48
Johnson LD, Lazzarini RA (1977a) The 5’ terminal nucleotide of RNA from vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles. Virology 77: 836–866
Johnson LD, Lazzarini RA (1977b) Replication of viral RNA by a defective interfering vesicular stomatitis virus particles in the absence of helper virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 4387–4391
Johnson LD, Lazzarini RA (1978) Gene expression by a defective interfering particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. In: Stevens JG, Todaro GJ, Fox CF (eds) Persistent virus. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol XI. Academic Press, New York, pp 409–416
Johnson LD, Lazzarini RA (1980) RNA synthesis by defective interfering vesicular stomatitis virus particles. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdovirases, vol II. CRC Press, Florida, pp 177–188
Johnston RE, Tovell DR, Brown DT, Faulkner P (1975) Interfering passages of Sindbis virus: concomitant appearance of interference, morphological variants and truncated viral RNA. J Virol 16: 951–958
Joklik WK (1980) The structure and function of the reovirus genome. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 107–124
Kääriäinen L, Soderlund H (1978) Structure and replication of a viruses. Curr Top Microb Immunol 82: 15–69
Kane WP, Pietras DF, Bruenn J A (1979) Evolution of defective-interfering double-stranded RNAs of the yeast killer virus. J Virol 32: 692–696
Kang CY (1980) Interference induced by defective interfering particles. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdovirases, vol II. CRC Press, Florida, pp 201–220
Kang CY, Allen R (1978) Host function-dependent induction of defective-interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 25: 202–206
Kang CY, Tisehfield JA (1978) Host-gene control in generation of vesicular stomatitis defective interfering virus particles. In: International virology IV. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, p 240
Kang CY, Glimp T, Clewley JP, Bishop DHL (1978a) Studies on the generation of vesicular stomatitis virus ( Indiana serotype) defective interfering particles. Virology 84: 142–152
Kang CY, Glimp T, Allen R (1978b) Host cell function dependent induction of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, London, pp 501–513
Kaplan AS, Ben-Porat T, Rubenstein AS (1976) On the mechanism of herpesvirus DNA replication and the genesis of defective particles. In: Borek C, King DW (eds) Cancer biology, vol III: Epidemiology, molecular events, oncogenicity and therapy. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book, New York, pp 61–86
Kascsak RJ, Lyons MJ (1978) Bunyamvera Virus, II. The generation and n ture of defective interfering particles. Virology 89: 539–546
Kawai A, Matsumoto S (1977) Interfering and noninterfering defective particles generated by a rabies small plaque variant virus. Virology 76: 60–71
Keene JD, Rosenberg M, Lazzarini RA (1977) Characterization of the 3’ terminus of RNA isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus and from its defective interfering particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1353–1357
Keene JD, Schubert M, Lazzarini RA, Rosenberg M (1978) Nucleotide sequence homology at the 3’ termini of RNA from vesicular stomatitis virus and its defective interfering particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3225–3229
Keene JD, Schubert M, Lazzarini RA (1979) Terminal sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA are both complementary and conserved. J Virol 32: 167–174
Keene JD, Schubert M, Lazzarini RA (1980) Intervening sequence between the leader region and the nucleocapsid gene of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA. J Virol 33: 789–794
Keene JD, Pironica-Worms H, Isaac CL (1981a) Structure and origin of terminal complementarity in the RNA of DI-LT(HR) and sequence arrangements at the 5’ ends of VSV RNA. In: Bishop BHL, Compans RW (eds) Replication of negative strand viruses. Elsevier North Holland, New York
Keene JD, Chien IM, Lazzarini RA (1981b) Vesicular stomatitis defective interfering particle containing a muted, internal leader RNA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 18: 2090–2094
Kelly TJ, Nathans D (1977) The genome of simian virus 40. Adv Virus Res 21: 85–173
Kennedy SIT (1976) Sequence relationships between the genome and the intracellular RNA species of standard and defective-interfering Semliki Forest virus. J Mol Biol 108: 491–511
Kennedy SIT (1980) Synthesis of alphavirus RNA. In: Schlesinger RW (ed) The togavirases, biology, structure, replication. Academic Press, New York, pp 351–368
Kennedy SIT, Bruton CJ, Weiss B, Schlesinger S (1976) Defective interfering passages of Sindbis virus: Nature of the defective virion RNA. J Virol 19: 1034–1043
Khan SR, Lazzarini RA (1977) The relationship between autointerference and the replication of a defective interfering particle. Virology 77: 189–201
King CC, King MW, Garry RF, Wan KM, Ulug ET, Waite MRF (1979) Effect of incubation time on the generation of defective-interfering particles during undiluted serial passage of Sindbis virus in Aedes albopictus and chick cells. Virology 96: 229–238
Kingsbury DW (1977) Paramyxoviruses. In: Nayak DP (ed) The molecular biology of animal viruses, vol 1. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 349–382
Kingsbury DW, Portner A (1970) On the genesis of incomplete Sendai virions. Virology 42: 872–879
Kingsbury DW, Portner A, Darlington RW (1970) Properties of incomplete Sendai virions and subgenomic viral RNA’s. Virology 42: 857–871
Kitamura N, Adler C, Wimmer E (1980) Structure and expression of the picornavirus genome. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 183–201
Kolakofsky D (1976) Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs. Cell 8: 547–555
Kolakofsky D (1979) Studies on the generation and amplification of Sendai virus defective-interfering genomes. Virology 93: 589–593
Kowal KJ, Stollar V (1980) Differential sensitivity of infectious and defective-interfering particles of Sindbis virus to ultraviolet irradiation. Virology 103: 149–157
Kowal K, Stollar V, Dubin DT (1980) The 5’-terminal sequences of Sindbis virus defective RNA [Abstr] Am Soc Microb 1980, p 240
Krug RM, Bouloy M, Plotch SJ (1981) The 5’ ends of influenza viral messenger RNAs are donated by capped cellular RNAs. Trends in Biochem Sci 6: 7–10
Lamb RA, Lai C-J (1980) Sequence of interrupted and uninterrupted mRNAs and cloned DNA coding for the two overlapping nonstructural proteins of influenza virus. Cell 21: 475–485
Lazzarini RA, Weber GH, Johnson LD, Stamminger GM (1975) Covalently linked message and anti-message (genomic) RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle. J Mol Biol 97: 289–308
Leamnson RN, Reichmann ME (1974) The RNA of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particles in relation to viral cistrons. J Mol Biol 85: 551–568
Lee TNH, Nathans D (1979) Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40: replication and encapsidation of variant DNA. Virology 92: 291–298
Lenard J, Compans RW (1975) Polypeptide composition of incomplete influenza virus grown in MDBK cells. Virology 65: 418–426
Leppert M, Kolakofsky D (1980) Effect of defective interfering particles on plus and minus strand leader RNAs in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. J Virol 35: 704–709
Leppert M, Kort L, Kolakofsky D (1977) Further characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs: A model for their generatioa. Cell 12: 539–552
Leppert M, Rittenhouse L, Perrault J, Summers DF, Kolakofsky D (1979) Plus and minus strand leader RNAs in negative-strand virus-infected cells. Cell 18: 735–748
Levin JG, Ramseur JM, Grimley PM (1973) Host effect on arbovirus replication: Appearance of defective-interfering particles in murine cells. J Virol 12: 1401–1406
Logan KB (1979) Generation of defective interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus in a clone of Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. J Virol 30: 38–44
Lundquist RE, Sullivan M, Maizel JV (1979) Characterization of a new isolate of poliovirus defective interfering particles. Cell 18: 759–769
Lunger PD, Clark HF (1977) Host effect on vesicular stomatitis virus morphogenesis and “T” particle formation in reptilian, avian, and mammalian cell lines. In Vitro 11: 239–246
Lynch S, Kolakofsky D (1978) Ends of the RNA within Sendai virus defective interfering nucleocapsids are not free. J Virol 28: 584–589
MacDonald RD, Yamamoto T (1978) Quantitative analysis of defective interfering particles in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus preparations. Arch of Virol 57: 77–89
MacDonald RD, Kennedy JC (1979) Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus persistently infects Chinook Salmon embryo cells independent of interferon. Virology 95: 260–264
Marcus PI, Sekellick MJ (1977) Defective interfering particles with covalently linked (±) RNA induce interferon. Nature 266: 815–819
Marcus PI, Sekellick MJ, Johnson LD, Lazzarini RA (1977) Cell killing by viruses. V. Transcribing defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus function as cell-killing particles. Virology 82: 242–246
McClaren LC, Holland JJ (1974) Defective interfering particles from poliovirus vaccine and vaccine reference strains. Virology 60: 549–583
McClure MA, Holland JJ, Perrault J (1980) Generation of defective interfering particles inpicorna-viruses. Virology 100: 408–418
McGeoch DJ (1979) Structure of the gene N: gene NS intercistronic junction in the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 17: 673–681
McGeoch DJ, Dolan A (1979) Sequences of200 nucleotides at the 3’ terminus of the genome RNA of vesicular stomatitis vims. Nucleic Acids Res 6: 3199–3211
McGeoch DJ, Turnbull NU (1978) Analysis of the 3’ terminal nucleotide sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus N protein mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 5: 4007–4024
McGeoch DJ, Dolan A, Pringle CR (1980) Comparison of nucleotide sequences in the genomes of the New Jersey and Indiana serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 33: 69–77
Metzel PS, Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME (1978) Characterization of distinct vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype, isolates with respect to nucleic acid homologies, interference by DI particles and protein structure. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, London, pp 515–526
Mills DR, Peterson RL, Spiegelman S (1967) An extracellular Darwinian experiment with a self-duplicating nucleic acid molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58: 217–224
Moyer SA, Gatchell SH (1979) Intracellular events in the replication and defective interfering partides of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 92: 168–179
Moyer SA, Holmes KS (1981) The formation of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus is limited by the synthesis of the G and M proteins, (personal communication)
Murphy BR, Tolpin MD, Massicot JG, Kim HY, Parrott RH, Chanock RM (1980) Escape of a highly defective influenza A virus mutant from its temperature sensitive phenotype by extragenic suppression and other types of mutation. Ann NY Acad Sci 354: 172–182
Murray BK, Biswal N, Bookout JB, Lanford RE, Courtney RJ, Melnick JL (1975) Cyclic appearance of defective interfering particles of herpes simplex virus and the concomitant accumulation of early polypeptide VP 175. Intervirology 5: 173–184
Nakajima K, Ueda M, Sugiura A (1979) Origin of small RNA in von Magnus particles of influenza virus. J Virol 29: 1142–1148
Nayak DP (1972) Defective virus RNA synthesis and induction of incomplete influenza virus in chick embryo cells. J Gen Virol 14: 63–67
Nayak DP (1980) Defective interfering influenza viruses. Ann Rev Microbiol 34: 619–644
Nayak DP, Tobita K, Janda JM, David AR, De BK (1978) Homologous interference mediated by defective interfering influenza virus derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza virus. J Virol 28: 375–386
Nomoto A, Jacobson A, Lee YF, Dunn J, Wimmer E (1979) Defective interfering particles of polio-virus: Mapping of the deletion and evidence that the deletions in the genomes of DI (1), (2), and (3) are located in the same region. J Mol Biol 128: 179 - 196
Nonoyama M, Graham AF (1970) Appearance of defective virions in clones of reovirus. J Virol 6: 693 - 694
Nonoyama M, Watanabe Y, Graham AF (1970) Defective virions of reovirus. J Virol 6: 226 - 236
Norkin LC (1979) The emergence of simian virus 40 variants in a persistent infection of Rhesus monkey kidney cells, and their interactions with standard simian virus 40. Virology 95: 598–603
Norkin LC, Wojcik JB, Groguen CA (1981) Effect of the host cell on the generation of defective simian virus 40 during undiluted serial passages and persistent infection. Virology 108: 525 - 530
Norval M (1979) Mechanism of persistence of rubella virus in LLC-MK2 cells. J Gen Virol 43: 289 - 298
Nottay BK, Kew OM, Hatch MH, Heyward JT, Objeski JF (1981) Molecular variation of type 1 vaccine-related and wild polio viruses during replication in humans. Virology 108: 405 - 423
O’Neill FJ, Carroll D (1981) Amplification of papovavirus defectives during serial low multiplicity infection of neural and non-neural cells. Virology, (in press)
Otsuki Y, Takebe I, Ohno T, Fukuda M, Okada Y (1977) Reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus rods occurs bidirectionally from an internal initiation region: Demonstration by electron microscopic serology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1913–1917
Ou J-H, Strauss EG, Strauss JH (1981) Comparative studies of the 3’ terminal sequences of several alphavirus RNAs. Virology 109: 281 - 289
Palese P (1977) The genes of influenza virus. Cell 10: 1 - 10
Palma EL, Huang AS (1974) Cyclic production of vesicular stomatitis virus caused by defective interfering particles. J Infect Dis 129: 402 - 410
Palma EL, Perlman SM, Huang AS (1974) Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. VI. Correlation of defective particle RNA synthesis with standard RNA replication. J Mol Biol 85: 127–136
Papamatheakis J, Lee TH, Thayer RE, Singer MF (1981) Recurring defective variants of simian virus 40 containing monkey DNA segments. J Virol 37: 295 - 306
Pedersen IR (1979) Structural components and replication of arenaviruses. Adv Virus Res 24: 277 - 330
Perrault J (1976) Cross-linked double stranded RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle. Virology 70: 360 - 371
Perrault J, Holland JJ (1972a) Variability of vesicular stomatitis virus autointerference with different host cells and virus serotypes. Virology 50: 148 - 158
Perrault J, Holland JJ (1972b) Absence of transcriptase activity and transcription-inhibiting ability in defective interfering particules of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 50: 159 - 170
Perrault J, Leavitt RW (1977a) Characterization of snap-back RNAs in vesicular stomatitis defective interfering virus particles. J Gen Virol 38: 21 - 34
Perrault J, Leavitt RW (1977b) Inverted complementary terminal sequences in single-stranded RNAs and snap-back RNAs from vesicular stomatitis defective interfering virus particles. J Gen Virol 38: 35 - 50
Perrault J, Semler BL (1979) Internal genome deletions in two distinct classes of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 6191 - 6195
Perrault J, Semler BL, Leavitt RW, Holland JJ (1978) Inverted complementary terminal sequences in defective interfering particle RNAs of vesicular stomatitis virus and their possible role in autointerference. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, New York, pp 527 - 538
Petric M, Prevec L (1970) Vesicular stomatitis virus - A new interfering particle, intracellular structures, and virus-specific RNA. Virology 41: 615 - 630
Pettersson RF (1981) 5’ Terminal nucleotide sequence of Semliki Forest virus 18S defective interfering RNA is heterogeneous and different from the genomic 42S RNA. Proc Nat Acid Sci USA 78:115–119
Pettersson RF, Soderlund H, Kaariainen L (1980) The nucleotide sequence of the 5’ terminal T1 oligonucleotides of Semliki Forest virus 42S and 26S RNAs are different. Eur J Biochem 105: 435–443
Pons MW (1980) The genome of incomplete influenza virus. Virology 100: 43–52
Potter KN, Stewart RB (1976) Comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particle synthesis in chick embryo and L cells. Can J Microbiol 22: 1458–1463
Prevec L, Kang CY (1970) Homotypic and heterotypic interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Nature 228: 25–27
Pringle CR (1977) Genetics of rhabdoviruses. Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 9. Plenum Press, New York, pp 239–289
Pringle CP, Cash P, Gimeney HB, Shirodaria PV (1978) Cytocidal and persistent infection of BSC-1 cells by respiratory syncytial virus. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative strand viruses and the host cell. Academic Press, New York, pp 645–652
Ramig RF, Fields BN (1979) Revertants of ts mutants of reovirus: evidence for frequent extragenic suppression. Virology 92: 155–167
Rao DD, Huang AS (1979) Synthesis of a small RNA in cells coinfected by standard and defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 3742–3745
Rao DD, Huang AS (1980) RNA synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. X. Transcription and replication by defective interfering particles. J Virol 36: 756–765
Ravetch JV, Horiuchi K, Zinder ND (1979) DNA sequence analysis of the defective interfering particles of bacteriophage fl. J Mol Biol 128: 305–318
Reichmann ME, Schnitzlein WM (1977) Defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. In: Schlessinger D (ed) Microbiology-1977. Am Soc Microbiol, Washington DC, pp 439–444
Reichmann ME, Schnitzlein WM (1979) Defective interfering particles of rhabdoviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 86: 123–168
Reichmann ME, Schnitzlein WM (1980) Rhabdovirus defective particles: Origin and genome assignments. In: Bishop DHL (ed) Rhabdoviruses, vol II. CRC Press, Florida, pp 189–200
Reichmann ME, Pringle CR, Follett EAC (1971) Defective particles in BHK cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 8: 154–160
Reichmann ME, Villarreal LP, Kohne D, Lesnaw JA, Holland JJ (1974) RNA polymerase activity and poly(A) synthesizing activity in defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 58: 240–249
Reichmann ME, Schnitzlein WM, Bishop DHL, Lazzarini RA, Beatrice ST, Wagner RR (1978) Classification of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus into two subtypes. J Virol 25: 446–449
Reichmann ME, Bishop DHL, Brown F, Crick J, Holland JJ, Kang C-Y, Lazzarini R, Moyer S, Perrault J, Prevec L, Pringle CR, Wagner RR, Youngner JS, Huang AS (1980) Proposal for a uniform nomenclature for defective interfering viruses of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 34: 792–794
Rice CM, Strauss JH (1981) Nucleotide sequence of the 26S mRNA of Sindbis virus and deduced sequence of the encoded virus structural proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 18: 2062–2066
Rima BK, Davidson WB, Martin SJ (1977) The role of defective interfering particles in persistent infection of Vero cells by measles virus. J Gen Virol 35: 89–97
Robb JA, Bond CW (1979) Coronaviridae. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 14. Plenum Press, New York, pp 19–237
Robinson RA, Vance RB, O’Callaghan DJ (1980) Oncogenic transformation by equine herpes-viruses. n. Establishment of persistent infection and oncogenic transformation of hamster embryo cells by equine herpesvirus type 1 preparations enriched for defective interfering particles. J Virol 36: 204–219
Roman JM, Simon EH (1976) Defective interfering particles in monolayer-propagated Newcastle Disease virus. Virology 69: 298–303
Romanova LI, Talskaya EA, Kolesnikova MS, Agol VI (1980) Biochemical evidence for intertypic genetic recombination of polioviruses. FEBS Lett 118: 109–112
Rose JK (1980) Complete intergenic and flanking gene sequences from the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 19: 415–421
Rose JK, Iverson L (1979) Nucleotide sequences from the 3’ ends of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs as determined from cloned DNA. J Virol 32: 404–411
Rose JK, Welch WJ, Sefton BM, Esch FS, Ling NL (1980a) Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is anchored in the viral membrane by a hydrophobic domain near the COOH terminus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3884–3888
Rose JK, Welch WJ, Sefton BM, Iverson LE (1980b) Analysis of VSV glycoprotein structure and genome structure using cloned DNA. In: Fields BN, Jaenisch R, Fox CF (eds) Animal virus genetics. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol XVIII. Academic Press, New York, pp 81–93
Rosenberg M, Court D (1979) Regulatory sequences involved in the promotion and termination of RNA transcription. Ann Rev Genet 13: 319–353
Rowlands DJ (1979) Sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA in the region coding for the leader RNA, N protein mRNA, and their junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4793–4797
Rowlands D, Grabau E, Spindler K, Jones C, Semler B, Holland J (1980) Virus protein changes and RNA termini alterations evolving during persistent infection. Cell 19: 871–880
Roy P, Pepik P, Hefti E, Bishop DHL (1973) Complementary RNA species isolated from vesicular stomatitis ( HR strain) defective virions. J Virol 11: 915–925
Schaffer FL (1979) Caliciviruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive Virology, vol 13. Plenum Press, New York, pp 249–278
Schlesinger S, Weiss, B, Dohner D (1975) Defective particles in alphaviras infections. Med Biol 53: 372–379
Schmaljohn C, Blair CD (1977) Persistent infection of cultured mammalian cells by Japanese encephalitis virus. J Virol 24: 580–589
Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME (1976) The size and the cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference. J Mol Biol 101: 307–325
Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME (1977a) Interference and RNA homologies of New Jersey serotype isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus and their defective particles. Virology 77: 490–500
Schnitzlein WM, Reichmann ME (1977b) A possible effect of viral proteins on the specificity of interference by defective vesicular stomatitis virus particles. Virology 80: 275–288
Schnurr DS, Hardy JL (1980) Autointerference of Tuflock virus in duck embryonic and Culex tarsaris cell cultures by defective interfering particles. Abstracts, Amer Soc Microb 1980, p 262
Scholtissek C (1978) The genome of the influenza virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 80: 139–169
Schubert M, Lazzarini RA (1981) Studies on the structure and origin of a snap back DI particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 37: 661–672
Schubert M, Keene JD, Lazzarini RA, Emerson SU (1978) The complete sequence of a unique RNA species synthesized by a DI particle of VSV. Cell 15: 103–112
Schubert M, Keene JD, Lazzarini RA (1979) A specific internal RNA polymerase recognition site of VSV RNA is involved in the generation of DI particles. Cell 18: 749–757
Schubert M, Keene JD, Herman RC, Lazzarini RA (1980) Site on the vesicular stomatitis virus genome specifying polyadenylation and the end of the L gene mRNA. J Virol 34: 550–559
Schuerch AR, Matsuhisa T, Joklik WK (1974) Temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. VI. Mutant ts447 and ts556 particles that lack either one or two genome segments. Intervirology 3: 36–46
Sekellick MJ, Marcus PI (1978) Persistent infection I. Interferon-inducing defective-interfering particles as mediators of cell sparing: possible role in persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 85: 175–186
Sekellick MJ, Marcus PI (1980) Viral interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus measured in individual cells. Virology 104: 247–252
Semler BL, Holland JJ (1979) Persistent vesicular stomatitis virus infection mediates base substitutions in viral RNA termini. J Virol 32: 420–428
Semler BL, Perrault J, Abelson J, Holland J J (1978) Sequence of a RNA templated by the 3’-OH RNA terminus of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 4704–4708
Semler BL, Perrault J, Holland JJ (1979) The nucleotide sequence of the 5’ terminus of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 6: 3923–3931
Shalitin C, Fischer I (1975) Abundant species of poly(A)-containing RNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 414: 263–272
Shatkin AJ, Sipe JD (1968) RNA polymerase activity in purified reoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci 61: 1462–1469
Shenk TE, Stollar V (1972) Viral RNA species in BHK-21 cells infected with Sindbis virus serially passaged at high multiplicity of infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 49: 60–67
Simpson RW, Inuma M (1975) Recovery of infectious proviral DNA from mammalian cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 3233–3234
Singer MF, Rosenberg M, Rosenberg H, McCutchan T, Wakamiya T, Segal S (1978) Monkey DNA sequences in defective simian virus 40 variants. In: Stevens JG, Todaro GJ, Fox CF (eds) Persistent viruses. ICN-UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, vol XI. Academic Press, New York, pp 445–460
Soria M, Little SP, Huang AS (1974) Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids. I. Complementary 40S RNA molecules in nucleocapsids. Virology 61: 270–280
Spandidos DA, Graham AF (1975) Complementation between temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants of reovirus. J Virol 16: 1444–1452
Spandidos DA, Graham AF (1976) Generation of defective virus after infection of newborn rats with reovirus. J Virol 20: 234–247
Spandidos DA, Krystal G, Graham AF (1976) Regulated transcription of the genomes of defective virions and temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. J Virol 18: 7–19
Stamminger G, Lazzarini RA (1974) Analysis of the RNA of defective VSV particles. Cell 3: 85–93
Stamminger GM, Lazzarini RA (1977) RNA synthesis in standard and autointerfered vesicular stomatitis virus infections. Virology 77: 202–211
Stampfer M, Baltimore D, Huang AS (1969) Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Species of ribonucleic acid found in Chinese hamster ovary cells infected with plaque-forming and defective particles. J Virol 4: 154–151
Stark C, Kennedy SIT (1978) The generation and propagation of defective-interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus in different cell types. Virology 89: 285–299
Stinski MF, Mocarski ES, Thomsen DR (1979) DNA of human cytomegalovirus: size heterogeneity and defectiveness resulting from serial undiluted passage. J Virol 31: 231–239
Stollar V (1979) Defective interfering particles of togaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, vol 86: 35–66
Stollar V (1980) Defective interfering alphaviruses. In: Schlesinger RW (ed) The togaviruses, biology, structure, replication. Academic Press, New York, pp 427–455
Stollar V, Shenk TE, Koo R, Igarashi A, Schlesinger RW (1975) Observations on Aedes albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with Sindbis virus. Ann NY Acad Sci 266: 214–231
Testa D, Chanda PK, Baneijee AK (1980) Unique mode of transcription in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 21: 267–275
Tooker P, Kennedy SIT (1981) Semliki Forest virus multiplication in clones of Aedes albopictus cells. J Virol 37: 589–600
Tzen JC, Somers JM, Mitchell DJ (1974) A ds-RNA analysis of suppressive sensitive mutants of “killer” Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Heredity 33: 132
Ueda M, Nakajima K, Sugiura A (1980) Extra RNAs of von Magnus particles of influenza virus cause reduction of particular polymerase genes. J Virol 34: 1Z–8
Verwoerd DW, Huismans H, Erasmus BJ (1979) Orbiviruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 14. Plenum Press, New York, pp 285–332
Villa-Komaroff L, Guttman N, Baltimore D, Lodish HF (1975) Complete translation of polio virus RNA in a eukaryotic cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 4157–4161
Vodkin M (1977) Homology between double-stranded RNA and nuclear DNA of yeast. J Virol 21: 516–521
Vodkin M, Katterman F, Fink GR (1974) Yeast killer mutants with altered double-stranded ribonucleic acid. J Bacterid 117: 681–686
von Magnus P (1954) Incomplete forms of influenza virus. Adv Virus Res 2: 59–79
Wagner RR (1975) Reproduction of rhabdovirases. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive virology, vol 4, Plenum Press, New York, pp 1–93
Wechsler SL, Rustigian R, Stallcup KC, Byers KB, Winston SH, Fields BN (1979) Measles virus-specified polypeptide synthesis in two persistently infected HeLa cell lines. J Virol 31: 677–684
Weiss B, Schlesinger S (1973) Defective interfering passages of Sindbis virus: chemical composition, biological activity, and mode of interference. J Virol 12: 862–871
Weiss B, Schlesinger S (1981) Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus do not interfere with the homologous virus obtained from persistently infected BHK cells but do interfere with Semliki Forest virus. J Virol 37: 840–844
Weiss B, Goran D, Cancedda R, Schlesinger S (1974) Defective-interfering pa sages of Sindbis virus: Nature of the intracellular defective viral RNA. J Virol 14: 1189–1198
Weiss B, Rosenthal R, Schlesinger S (1980) Establishment and maintenance of persistent infection by Sindbis virus in BHK cells. J Virol 33: 463–474
Wengler G, Wengler G, Gross HJ (1979) Replicative form of Semliki Forest virus RNA contains an unpaired guanosine. Nature 282: 754–756
Wickner RB, Leibowitz MJ (1977) Dominant chromosomal mutation bypassing chromosomal genes needed for killer RNA plasmid replication in yeast. Genetics 87: 453–469
Wimmer E (1979) The genome-linked protein of picornavirases: Discovery, properties and possible functions. In: Perez-Bercoff R (ed) The molecular biology of picornavirases, Plenum Press, New York, pp 175–188
Winship TR, Thacore HR (1979) Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus-defective interfering particle synthesis by Shope fibroma virus. Virology 93: 515–526
Youngner JS, Jones EV, Kelly M, Frielle DW (1981) Generation and amplification of temperature-sensitive mutants during serial undiluted passages of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 108: 87–97
Zhdanov VM (1975) Integration of viral genomes. Nature 256: 471–473
Zhdanov VM, Parfanovich MI (1974) Integration of measles virus nucleic acid into the cell genome. Arch of Virol 45: 225–234
Zhdanov VM, Bogomolova NN, Gavrilov VI, Andyhaparidize DG, Deryabin PG, Astakhova AN (1974) Infectious DNA of tickborne encephalitis virus. Arch of Virol 45: 215–224
Zimmern D (1977) The nucleotide sequence at the origin for assembly on tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Cell 11: 463–482
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Perrault, J. (1981). Origin and Replication of Defective Interfering Particles. In: Shatkin, A.J. (eds) Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68123-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68123-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68125-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68123-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive