Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 94/95))

Abstract

There are four main reasons to study the factors which in nature regulate the equilibrium between insects and bacteria. Each of these reasons is of such a nature that it could be the subject for a review of its own. However, we will not elaborate but only state the arguments briefly as follows:

  1. 1.

    More than 106 insect species have been described and the number of individuals has been estimated to be as large as 1018 (Wiggelsworth 1968). These high numbers show that during evolution insects have been extremely successful in the competition with other forms of life. Thus, from these numbers alone one would predict that insects are successful in dealing with infections, since otherwise they would not be so numerous.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abu-Hakima R, Faye I (1981) The immune response in Cecropia pupae: an ultrastructurai and autoradiographic study. Cell Tissue Res 217:311–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashbumer M, Bonner JJ (1979) The induction of gene activity inDrosophila by heat shock. Cell 17:241–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaulaton J (1979) Hemocytes and hemocytopoiesis in silkworms. Biochimie 61:157–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boman HG (1981) Insect responses to microbial infection. In: Burges D (ed) Microbial control of insects, mites and plant diseases, 1970–1980. Academic Press, New York, pp 769–784

    Google Scholar 

  • Boman HG, Nilsson I, Rasmuson B (1972) Inducible antibacterial defense system in Drosophila. Nature (London) 237:232–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boman HG, Nilsson-Faye I, Rasmuson T (1974a) Why is insect immunity interesting? In: Richter D (ed) Energy, biosynthesis and regulation in molecular biology. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp 103–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Boman HG, Nilsson-Faye I, Paul K, Rasmuson Jr T (1974b) Insect immunity I. Characteristics of an inducible cell-free antibacterial reaction in hemolymph of Samia cynthia pupae. Infect Immun 10:136–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boman HG, Boman A, Pigon A (1981) Immune and injury responses in Cecropia. RNA isolation and comparison of protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Insect Biochem 11:33–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulla Jr LA, Rhodes RA, St Julian G (1975) Bacteria as insect pathogens. Ann Rev Microbiol 29:163–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick JS (1975) Hemolymph changes with infection or induced immunity in insects and ticks. In: Maramorosch K, Shope RE (eds) Invertebrate immunity. Academic Press, New York, pp 241–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick JS, Aston WP (1978) An overview of insect immunity. In: Gershwin ME, Cooper EL (eds) Animal models of comparative and developmental aspects of immunity and disease. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick JS, Aston WP, Ricketson JR (1980) Further studies on the effect and role of cobra venom factor on protective immunity in Gallerìa mellonella: activity in the response against Proteus mirabilis. Dev Comp Immunol 4:223–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund T, Sidén I, Boman HG (1976) Evidence for two immune inhibitors fromBacillus thuringiensis interfering with the humoral defense system of Saturniid pupae. Infect Immun 14:934–941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faye I (1976) Insect immunity. Fate of injected bacteria and induction of a multi-component defense system. Thesis, University of UmeÃ¥

    Google Scholar 

  • Faye I (1978) Insect immunity: early fate of bacteria injected in Saturniid pupae. J Invertebr Pathol 31:19–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faye I, Pye A, Rasmuson T, Boman HG, Boman IA (1975) Insect immunity. II. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selective synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in dia- pausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia andSamia cynthia. Infect Immun 12:1426–1438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faye I, Wyatt GR (1980) The synthesis of antibacterial proteins in isolated fat body from Cecropia silk moth pupae. Experientia 36:1325–1326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flyg C, Kenne K, Boman HG (1980) Insect pathogenic properties of Serratia marcescens: phage-resistant mutants with a decreased resistance to Cecropia immunity and a decreased virulence to Drosophila. J Gen Microbiol 120:173–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Götz P, Boman A, Boman HG (1981) Interactions between insect immunity and an insect pathogenic nematode with symbiontic bacteria. Proc Royal Soc B 212:333–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AP (ed) (1979) Insect hemocytes. Development, forms, functions, and techniques. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann D (1980) Induction of antibacterial activity in the blood of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria L. J Insect Physiol 26:539–549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann D, Hultmark D, Boman HG (1981) Insect Immunity: Galleria mellonella and other Le-pidoptera have Cecropia-P9-like factors active against gram-negative bacteria. Insect Biochem 11:493–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hultmark D, Steiner H, Rasmuson T, Boman HG (1980) Insect immunity. Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia. Eur J Biochem 106:7–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izumi S, Tojo S, Tornino S (1980) Translation of fat body mRNA from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem 10:429–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarosz J, Spiewak N (1979) Comparative levels of lysozyme activity in larvae and pupae of Galleria mellonella after particulate and soluble materials injection. Cytobios 26:203–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jollès J, Schoentgen F, Croizier G, Croizier L, Jollès P (1979) Insect lysozymes from three species of Lepidoptera: their structural relatedness to the C (chicken) type lysozyme. J Mol Evol 14: 267–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kreil G, Haiml L, Suchanek G (1980) Stepwise cleavage of the pro part of promelittin by dipepti-dylpeptidase. IV. Eur J Biochem 111:49–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lizardi PM, Mahdavi V, Shields D, Candelas G (1979) Discontinuous translation of silk fibroin in a reticulocyte cell-free system and in intact silk gland cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 76:6211–6215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maramorosch K, Shope RE (eds) (1975) Invertebrate immunity. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohrig W, Messner B (1968a) Immunreaktionen bei Insekten. I. Lysozym als grundlegender anti- bacterieller Faktor im humoralen Abwehrmechanismus der Insekten. Biol Zbl 87:439–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohrig W, Messner B (1968b) Immunreaktionen bei Insekten. II. Lysozym als antimikrobielles Agens im Darmtrakt von Insekten. Biol Zbl 87:705–718

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nogge G (1978) Aposymbiotic tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans obtained by feeding on rabbits immunized specifically with symbionts. J Insect Physiol 24:299–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powning RF, Davidson WJ (1973) Studies on insect bacteriolytic enzymes. I. Lysozyme in haemo-lymph of Galleria mellonella and Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 45:669–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powning RF, Davidson WJ (1976) Studies on insect bacteriolytic enzymes, n. Some physical and enzymatic properties of lysozyme from haemolymph of Galleria mellonella. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 55:221–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pye AE, Boman HG (1977) Insect immunity. HI. Purification and partial characterization of immune protein P5 from hemolymph of Hyalophora cecropia pupae. Infect Immun 17:408–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmuson T, Boman HG (1977) The assay and the specificity problem in insect immunity. In: Solomon JB, Horton JD (eds) Developmental immunobiology. Elsevier, North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 83–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmuson T, Boman HG (1979) Insect immunity. V. Purification and some properties of immune protein P4 from haemolymph of Hyalophora cecropia pupae. Insect Biochem 9:259–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sidén I, Dalhammar G, Telander B, Boman HG, Somerville H (1979) Virulence factors in Bacillus thuringiensis: purification and properties of a protein inhibitor of immunity in insects. J Gen Microb 114:45–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner H, Hultmark D, Engström Ã…, Bennich H, Boman HG (1981) Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity. Nature (London) 292:246–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternburg JG, Waldbauer GP, Jeffords MR (1977) Batesian Mimicry: selective advantage of color pattern. Science 195:681–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trager W (1970) Symbiosis. Van Nostrand Reinold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigglesworth VB (1968) The life of insects. The New American Library, New York Wyatt GR, Pan ML (1978) Insect plasma proteins. Ann Rev Biochem 47:779–817

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Boman, H.G., Steiner, H. (1981). Humoral Immunity in Cecropia Pupae. In: Henle, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 94/95. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68120-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68120-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68122-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68120-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics