Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cyclic Nucleotides pp 153–183Cite as

Coupling of Receptors to Adenylate Cyclases

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 58 / 1))

Overview

Hormone- and neurotransmitter-sensitive adenylate cyclases are information-transfer systems that are dependent for their activities on Mg and are stimulated synergistically by guanine nucleotides and agonists. Three separate membranebound entities are responsible for the transmembrane signalling: receptor (R), the catalytic moiety of adenylate cyclase bearing the site that converts ATP to cAMP (C), and a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (N) that affects receptor and catalytic component behavior, is a GTPase that hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, and acts as the actual coupler or transducer of the information transfer.

Studies on the kinetics of cAMP formation by isolated membrane particles containing functionally active hormone- and nucleotide-responsive adenylate cyclase systems have revealed that the basic readout system, i.e. the nucleotide-affected adenylate cyclase or CN complex, constitutes a hysteritic enzyme where binding of guanine nucleotide proceeds rapidly but the ensuing activation is slow, and that occupied hormone receptors are anti-hysteretic conferring to the system the capacity to respond rapidly to stimulatory nucleotides.

Kinetic studies on hormone and neurotransmitter binding to receptors have revealed, on the other hand, that guanine nucleotides promote a decrease in the apparent KD of the receptor-agonist interaction, indicating that receptors can exist in both a low affinity and a high afinity state. The latter is seen under conditions where its anti-hysteretic action is not observed and the former appears concomitantly with its anti-hysteretic effect.

N components can be extracted from membranes with detergents and shown to interact with C in solution or with C and R after reinsertion into N-deficient membranes such as provided by the so-called cyc - variant of S 49 lymphoma cells. Reconstitution studies of R and C regulation in cyc - membranes showed that guanine nucleotides including GTP, GDP, and analogs such as GMP-P(NH)P and GTPγS, not only affect C through interaction with N, but also affect the high to low affinity state transition of receptors through interaction with N. However, while GTP and its analogs stimulate basal adenylate cyclase activity and GDP and its analogs either do not affect it or inhibit it, both GTP and GTP-like as well as GDP and GDP-like compounds promote equally the appearance of so-called “low affinity” states of receptors.

This chapter describes and contrasts various schools of thought on the role that guanine nucleotides and the regulatory component N may have in regulating R and C. We discuss whether it is the high affinity or the low affinity form of the receptor that is the active one responsible for N-mediated activation of C, whether R does or does not form part of the hormone-affected activated adenylate cyclase complex and if so whether one or two N components need to form part of it, and whether the role of hormone-occupied receptors may be merely one of “facilitating” the activation of C by N.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L (1979) Prostacyclin activation of adenylyl cyclase in rabbit corpus luteum membranes: Comparison with 6-keto Prostaglandin F1alpha and prostaglandin E1. Biol Reprod 21:609–616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abramowitz J, Iyengar R, Birnbaumer L (1980) On the mode of action of catecholamines on the turkey erythrocyte adenylyl cyclase: Evaluation of basic activity states after removal of endogenous GDP and interpretation of nucleotide regulation and hormone activation in terms of a two-state model. J Biol Chem 255:8259–8265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aktories K, Schultz G, Jakobs KH (1980) Inhibition of hamster fat cell adenylate cyclase by Prostaglandin E1 and epinephrine: Requirement for GTP and sodium ions. FEBS Letters (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrie CP, Birdsall NJM, Burgen ASV, Hulme EC (1979) Guanine nucleotides modulate muscarin receptor binding in the heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 87:1000–1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat MK, Riser ME, Birnbaumer L (1981 a) Evidence for association-dissociation reactions between components of the rat liver adenylyl cyclase system: Effects of guanine nucleotides and glucagon. J Biol Chem (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat MK, Iyengar R, Abramowitz J, Riser ME, Birnbaumer L (1980 b) Identification of naturally soluble component(s) which confer(s) guanine nucleotide and fluoride sensitivity to adenylyl cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:3836–3840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L, Pohl SL (1973) Relation of glucagon-specific binding sites to glucagon-dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity in plasma membranes of rat liver. J Biol Chem 248:2056–2061

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L, Yang PCh (1974) Studies on receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclases. III. Regulation by purine nucleotides of the activation of adenylyl cyclases from target organs for Prostaglandins, luteinizing hormone neurohypophyseal hormones and catecholamines. Tissue and hormone-dependent variations. J Biol Chem 249:7867–7873

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L, Pohl SL, Rodbell M, Sundby F (1972) The glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase system in plasma membranes of rat liver. VII. Hormonal stimulation: Reversibility and dependence on concentration of free hormone. J Biol Chem 247:2038–2043

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L, Swartz TL, Abramowitz J, Mintz PW, Iyengar R (1980 a) Transient and steady state kinetics of the interaction of nucleotides with the adenylyl cyclase system from rat liver plasma membranes: Interpretation in terms of a simple two-state model. J Biol Chem 255:3542–3551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer L, Bearer CF, Iyengar R (1980 b) A two-state model of an enzyme with an allosteric regulatory site capable of metabolizing the regulatory ligand: Simplified mathematical treatments of transient and steady state kinetics of an activator and its competitive inhibition as applied to adenylyl cyclases. J Biol Chem 255:3552–3557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bird SJ, Maguire ME (1979) The agonist-specific effect of magnesium ion on binding by beta-adrenergic receptors in S 49 lymphoma cells. J Biol Chem 253:8826–8834

    Google Scholar 

  • Blume AJ (1978) Interaction of ligands with the opiate receptors of brain membranes: Regulation by ions and nucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:1713–1717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blume AJ, Foster CJ (1975) Mouse neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 250:5003–5008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blume AJ, Lichtshtein D, Boone G (1979) Coupling of opiate receptors to adenylate cyclase: Requirement for Na+ and GTP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5626–5630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourne HR, Coffino P, Tomkins GM (1975) Selection of a variant lymphoma cell deficient in adenylate cyclase. Science 187:750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun S, Levitzki A (1979) Adenosine receptor permanently coupled to turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase. Biochemistry 18:2134–2138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Selinger Z (1976) Catecholamine-stimulated GTPase activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 452:538–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Selinger Z (1977 a) Mechanism of adenylate cyclase activation by cholera toxin: Inhibition of GTP hydrolysis at the regulatory site. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3307–3311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Selinger Z (1977 b) Activation of turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase and blocking of the catecholamine-stimulated GTPase by guanosine 5′-(γ-thio) triphosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 77:868–873

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Selinger Z (1978) Mechanism of adenylate cyclase activation through the beta-adrenergic receptor: Catecholamine-induced displacement of bound GDP by GTP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:4155–4159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Pfeuffer T (1978) Mechanism of cholera toxin action: Covalent modification of the guanyl nucleotide-binding protein of the adenylate cyclase system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2669–2673

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel D, Eckstein F, Lowe M, Selinger Z (1979) Determination of the turn-off reaction for the hormone-activated adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 254:9835–9838

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RB (1978) Adenylylimidodiphosphate: Effect of contaminants on adenylate cyclase activity. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 4:259–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creese I, Usdin TB, Snyder SH (1979) Dopamine receptor binding regulated by guanine nucleotides. Mol Pharmacol 16:69–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DMF, Rodbell M (1979) ADP is a potent inhibitor of human platelet plasma membrane adenylate cyclase. Nature 282:517–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuatrecasas P, Jacobs S, Bennett V (1975) Activation of adenylate cyclase by phosphoramidate and phosphonate analogs of GTP: Possible role of covalent enzyme-substrate intermediates in the mechanism of hormonal activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:1739–1743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein F, Cassel D, Levkovitz H, Lowe M, Selinger Z (1979) Guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodi-phosphate). An inhibitor of adenylate cyclase stimulation by guanine nucleotides and fluoride ions. J Biol Chem 254:9829–9834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glossmann H, Baukal AJ, Catt KJ (1974) Properties of angiotensin II receptors in the bovine and rat adrenal cortex. Modification of angiotensin II binding by guanyl nucleotides. J Biol Chem 249:825–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goltzman D, Callahan EN, Tregear GW, Potts JT Jr (1978) Influence of guanyl nucleotides on parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in renal cortical membranes. Endocrinology 103:1352–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haga T, Ross EM, Anderson HJ, Gilman AG (1977 a) Adenylate cyclase permanently uncoupled from hormone receptors in a novel variant of S 49 mouse lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:2016–2020

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haga T, Haga K, Gilman AG (1977 b) Hydrodynamic properties of the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase from wild type and variant S 49 lymphoma cells. J Biol Chem 252:5776–5782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanoune J, Lacombe ML, Pecker F (1975) The epinephrine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of rat liver plasma membranes. Role of guanyl nucleotides. J Biol Chem 250:4569–4574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanski E, Rimon G, Levitzki A (1979) Adenylate cyclase activation by the beta-adrenergic receptors as a diffusion-controlled process. Biochemistry 18:846–853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howlett AC, Sternweis PC, Macik BA, VanArsdale PM, Gilman AG (1979) Reconstitution of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Association of a regulatory component of the enzyme with membranes containing the catalytic protein and beta-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 254:2287–2295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar R, Birnbaumer L (1979) GDP promotes coupling and activation of cyclizing activity in the glucagon-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system of rat liver plasma membranes. Evidence for two levels of regulation in adenylyl cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:3189–3193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar R, Swartz TL, Birnbaumer L (1979) Coupling of glucagon receptor to adenylyl cyclase: Requirement of a receptor-related guanyl nucleotide binding site for coupling of receptor to enzyme. J Biol Chem 254:1119–1123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar R, Abramowitz J, Riser M, Birnbaumer L (1980 a) Hormone receptor-mediated Stimulation of the rat liver plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase system: Nucleotide effects and analysis in terms of a two-state model for the basic receptor-affected enzyme. J Biol Chem 255:3558–3564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar R, Abramowitz J, Bordelon-Riser ME, Blume AJ, Birnbaumer L (1980 b) Regulation of hormone-receptor coupling to adenylyl cyclases. Role of GTP and GDP in amplification and dampening of receptor signal. J Biol Chem 255:10312–10321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobs KH, Schultz G (1980) Different inhibitory effect of adrenaline on platelet adenylate cyclase in the presence of GTP plus cholera toxin and of stable GTP analogs. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobs KH, Aktories K, Schultz G (1980) Muscarimic receptor-mediated inhibition of myocardial adenylate cyclase. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 236:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GL, Kaslow HR, Bourne HR (1978) Reconstitution of cholera toxin activated adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:3113–3117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GL, Bourne HR, Gleason MK, Coffino P, Insel PA, Melmon KL (1979) Isolation and characterization of S 49 lymphoma cells deficient in beta-adrenergic receptors: Relation of receptor number to activation of adenylate cyclase. Mol Pharmacol 15:16–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GS, Mukku VR (1979) Evidence in intact cells for an involvement of GTP in the activation of adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 254:95–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow HR, Farfel Z, Johnson GL, Bourne HR (1979) Adenylate cyclase assembled in vitro: Cholera toxin substrates determines different patterns of regulation by isoproterenol and guanosine 5′-triphosphate. Mol Pharmacol 15:472–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow HR, Johnson GL, Brothers VM, Bourne HR (1980) A regulatory component of adenylate cyclase from human erythrocyte membranes. J Biol Chem (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaumann AJ, Birnbaumer L (1974) Studies on receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclases. IV. Characteristics of the adrenergic receptor coupled to myocardial adenylyl cyclase: Stereospecificity for ligands and determination of apparent affinity constants for beta-blockers. J Biol Chem 249:7874–7885

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaumann AJ, Birnbaumer L, Wittman R (1978) Heart beta-adrenoceptors. In: Receptors and hormone action, vol 3. O’Malley BW, Birnbaumer L (eds). Academic Press, New York, pp 134–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent RS, DeLean A, Lefkowitz RJ (1980) A quantitative analysis of beta-adrenergic receptor interactions: Resolution of high and low affinity states of the receptor by computer modeling of ligand binding data. Mol Pharmacol 17 (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimura N, Nagata N (1979) Mechanism of glucagon stimulation of adenylate cyclase in the presence of GDP in rat liver plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 254:3451–3457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishna G, Harwood JP, Barber AJ, Jamieson GA (1972) Requirement for guanosine triphosphate in the prostaglandin activation of adenylate cyclase of platelet membranes. J Biol Chem 247:2253–2254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert M, Svoboda M, Chrystophe J (1979) Hormone-stimulated GTPase activity in rat pancreatic plasma membranes. FEBS Letters 99:303–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG (1975) Characteristics of 5′-guanylyl imidodiphosphate-activated adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 250:4418–4422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz RJ, Mullikin D, Wood CL, Gore TB, Mukherjee C (1977) Regulation of prostaglandin receptors by prostaglandins and guanine nucleotides in frog erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 252:5295–5303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson SL, Blume AJ (1977) Altered guanine nucleotide hydrolysis as basis for increased adenylate cyclase activity after cholera toxin treatment. J Biol Chem 252:3766–3774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtshtein D, Boone G, Blume A (1979) Muscarinic receptor regulation of Ng 108-15 adenylate cyclase requirement for Na+ and GTP. J Cycl Nucl Res 5:367–375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limbird LE, Lefkowitz RJ (1977) Resolution of beta-adrenergic receptor binding and adenylate cyclase activity by gel exclusion chromatography. J Biol Chem 252:799–802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limbird LE, Hickey AR, Lefkowitz RJ (1979) Unique uncoupling of the frog erythrocyte adenylate cyclase system by manganese. Loss of hormone and guanine nucleotide-sensitive enzyme activities without loss of nucleotide-sensitive high affinity agonist binding. J Biol Chem 254:2677–2683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin MC, Lin CS, Whitlock JP Jr (1979) Reduction of GTP activation of adenylate cyclase system by its coupling to hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 254:4684–4688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Londos C, Salomon Y, Lin MC, Harwood JP, Schramm M, Wolff J, Rodbell M (1974) 5-Guanylylimidodiphosphate, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase systems in eukaryotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:3087–3090

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Londos C, Lin MC, Welton AF, Lad PM, Rodbell M (1977) Reversible activation of hepatic adenylate cyclase by guanyl-5′-yl-(α,β-methylane) diphosphonate and guanyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate. J Biol Chem 252:5180–5182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire ME, Van Arsdale PM, Gilman AG (1976) An agonist-specific effect of guanine nucleotides on binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 12:335–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monod J, Changeux J-P, Jacob F (1963) Allosteric proteins and cellular control systems. J Mol Biol 6:306–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monod J, Wyman J, Changeux J-P (1965) On the nature of allosteric transitions: A plausible model. J Mol Biol 12:88–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee C, Caron MG, Coverstone M, Lefkowitz RJ (1975) Identification of adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors in frog erythrocytes with (−)-[3H]alprenolol. J Biol Chem 250:4869–4876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukku VR, Anderson WB, Johnson GS (1979) Enhancement of hormonal stimulation in intact cells. Potentiation of GTP-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 254:5588–5590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakahara T, Birnbaumer L (1974) Studies on receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclases. V. Transient kinetics of the activation of beef renal medullary adenylyl cyclase by neurohypophyseal hormones. Estimation of apparent rate constants of the receptor hormone interaction. J Biol Chem 249:7886–7891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northup JK, Mansour TE (1978) Adenylate cyclase from fasciola hepatica. 2. Role of guanine nucleotides in coupling adenylate cyclase and serotonin receptors. Mol Pharmacol 14:820–833

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northup JK, Renard MF, Grove JR, Mansour TE (1979) Serotonin-activated adenylate cyclase from fasciola hepatica. Properties of the solubilized enzyme. J Biol Chem 254:11861–11867

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orly J, Schramm M (1976) Coupling of catecholamine receptor from one cell with adenylate cyclase from another cell by cell fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:4410–4414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeuffer T (1977) GTP-binding proteins in membranes and the control of adenylate cyclase activity. J Biol Chem 252:7224–7234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeuffer T (1979) Guanine nucleotide-controlled interactions between components of adenylate cyclase. FEBS Letters 101:85–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike LJ, Lefkowitz RJ (1980) Parallel activation and desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor coupled GTPase and adenylate cyclase of frog and turkey erythrocyte membranes. J Biol Chem 255 (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike LJ, Limbird LE, Lefkowitz RJ (1979) Beta-adrenoceptors determine affinity but not intrinsic activity of adenylate cyclase stimulants. Nature 280:502–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rendell MS, Rodbell M, Berman M (1977) Activation of hepatic adenylate cyclase by guanyl nucleotides. Modeling of the transient kinetics suggests an “excited” state of GTPase is a control component of the system. J Biol Chem 252:7909–7912

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodbell M, Birnbaumer L, Pohl SL, Krans HMJ (1971 a) The glucagon-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system in plasma membranes of rat liver. V. An obligatory role of guanylnucleotides in glucagon action. J Biol Chem 246:1877–1882

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodbell M, Krans HMJ, Pohl SL, Birnbaumer L (1971 b) The glucagon-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system in plasma membranes of rat liver. IV. Effects of guanylnucleotides on binding of 125-glucagon. J Biol Chem 246:1872–1876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodbell M, Lin MC, Salomon Y (1974) Evidence for interdependent action of glucagon and nucleotides on the hepatic adenylate cyclase system. J Biol Chem 249:59–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robberecht P, DeNeef P, Lammens M, Deschodt-Lanckman M, Christophe JP (1978) Specific binding of vasoactive intestinal peptide to brain membranes from the guinea pig. Eur J Biochem 90:147–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger LB, Yamamura HI, Roeske WR (1980) Cardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding is regulated by Na+ and guanyl nucleotides. J Biol Chem 255:820–823

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross EM, Gilman AG (1977) Resolution of some components of adenylate cyclase necessary for catalytic activity. J Biol Chem 252:6966–6969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross EM, Maguire ME, Sturgill TW, Biltonen RL, Gilman AG (1977) Relationship between the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase. Studies of ligand binding and enzyme activity in purified membranes of S 49 lymphoma cells. J Biol Chem 252:5761–5775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross EM, Howlett AC, Ferguson KM, Gilman AG (1978) Reconstitution of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity with resolved components of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 253:6401–6412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabol SL, Nirenberg M (1979) Regulation of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma × glioma cells by alpha-adrenergic receptors. I. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase mediated by alpha-receptors. J Biol Chem 254:1913–1920

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salomon Y, Lin MC, Londos C, Rendell B, Rodbell M (1975) The hepatic adenylate cyclase system. I. Evidence for transition states and structural requirements for guanine nucleotide activation. J Biol Chem 250:4239–4245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel W, Kempner ES, Rodbell M (1979) Activation of adenylate cyclase in hepatic membranes involves interactions of the catalytic unit with multimeric complexes of regulatory proteins. J Biol Chem 254:5168–5176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm M (1979) Transfer of glucagon receptor from liver membranes to a foreign adenylate cyclase by a membrane fusion procedure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:1174–1178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm M, Rodbell M (1975) A persistent active state of the adenylate cyclase system produced by the combined actions of isoproterenol and guanylyl imidodiphosphate in frog erythrocyte membranes. J Biol Chem 250:2232–2237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sevilla N, Steer ML, Levitzki A (1976) Synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by guanylyl imidophosphate and epinephrine. Biochemistry 15:3493–3499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stadel JM, DeLean A, Lefkowitz RJ (1980) A high affinity agonist — beta-adrenergic receptor complex is an intermediate for catecholamine stimulation of adenylate cyclase in frog and turkey erythrocyte membranes. J Biol Chem 255 (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternweis PC, Gilman AG (1979) Reconstitution of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Reconstitution of the uncoupled variant of S 49 lymphoma cell. J Biol Chem 254:3333–3340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda M, Christophe J (1979) Effect of hormone and guanyl nucleotide pretreatment on the activation energy of pancreatic adenylate cyclase. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 5:377–384

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolkovsky AM, Levitzki A (1978 a) Mode of coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocytes. Biochemistry 17:3795–3810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolkovsky AM, Levitzki A (1978 b) Coupling of a single adenylate cyclase to two receptors: adenosine and catecholamine. Biochemistry 17:3811–3817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U’Prichard DC, Snyder SH (1978) Guanyl nucleotide influences on 3H-ligand binding to alpha-noradrenergic receptors in calf brain membranes. J Biol Chem 253:3444–3452

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welton AF, Lad PM, Newby AC, Yamamura H, Nicosia S, Rodbell M (1977) Solubilization and separation of glucagon receptor and adenylate cyclase in guanine nucleotide-sensitive states. J Biol Chem 252:5947–5950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welton AF, Lad PM, Newby AC, Yamamura H, Nicosia S, Rodbell M (1978) The characteristics of lubrol-solubilized adenylate cyclase from rat liver plasma membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 522:625–629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams LT, Lefkowitz RJ (1977) Slowly reversible binding of catecholamine to a nucleotide-sensitive state of the beta-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 252:7202–7213

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. L. Birnbaumer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Iyengar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    J. A. Nathanson

  2. Biochemical Neuropharmacology Unit, NINCDS National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20205, USA

    J. W. Kebabian

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Birnbaumer, L., Iyengar, R. (1982). Coupling of Receptors to Adenylate Cyclases. In: Nathanson, J.A., Kebabian, J.W. (eds) Cyclic Nucleotides. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 58 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68111-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68111-0_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68113-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68111-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation