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Beeinflussung nozizeptiver Mechanismen auf spinaler Ebene

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Schmerzforschung Schmerzmessung Brustschmerz
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Zusammenfassung

Eine Gewebsschädigung, beispielsweise eine Verletzung der Haut, ruft eine Vielzahl von Reaktionen hervor, die unter Beteiligung des Zentralnervensystems Zustandekommen. Folge der schädigenden Reizungen sind Änderungen des Wachzustandes und vegetativer Funktionen (Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz, Atmung, Schweißsekretion etc.), Flucht-oder nozizeptive Reflexe, zu denen auch die Schonhaltungen zu zählen sind, und nicht zuletzt die Schmerzempfindung. Die Gewebsschädigung löst einen Einstrom repetitiver Impulse über afferente Nervenfasern (A-δ- und C-Fasern) aus, die über die Hinterwurzeln (oder entsprechende Hirnnerven) bestimmte Interneurone im Rückenmark (bzw. in der Medulla oblongata) erreichen. Im Rückenmark erfolgt eine synaptische Überleitung der einlaufenden Impulse auf die nachgeschalteten Neurone (Abb. 1). Die Impulsüberleitung kann segmental-spinal innerhalb motorischer Reflexbögen erfolgen, wobei ipsilateral Flexormotoneurone, und kontralateral Extensormotoneurone aktiviert werden. Die Aktivierung der beiden Motoneuronentypen bildet die Grundlage der nozizeptiven Reflexe, die der Vermeidung weiterer Schäden dienen. Die Impulsüberleitung erfolgt außerdem auf Interneurone, die ihre Axone hirnwärts senden. Hierbei handelt es sich vor allem um Interneurone vom sog. Lamina-V-Typ.

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© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Jurna, I. (1981). Beeinflussung nozizeptiver Mechanismen auf spinaler Ebene. In: Struppler, A., Geßler, M. (eds) Schmerzforschung Schmerzmessung Brustschmerz. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68057-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68057-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-10721-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68057-1

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