Abstract
Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), a major metabolite of retinol or retinyl esters (8, 11, 16), is required to maintain normal growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues (54, 58), but it cannot replace retinal to support the visual function and reproduction (15, 19). Epidemiological study and evidence from experimental animals indicate a close association between retinoic acid deficiency and enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis of the respiratory system, bladder, and colon (30, 42). Retinoic acid has been used in experimental animals to prevent and treat cancers of a variety of epithelial tissues (bronchi and trachea, stomach, intestine, uterus, kidney and bladder, testis, prostate, pancreatic ducts, and skin), the target sites of the origin of cancer (3, 26, 32, 42, 51). The pharmacological use of natural retinoids in chemoprevention of cancer is handicapped by their toxic effects (hypervitaminosis syndromes) (3). Recently, a number of retinoids have been synthesized in an attempt to obtain compounds with less host toxicity and with greater antitumorigenicity, which have been found to be superior in the prevention of cancer of skin, lung, bladder, and breast in animals (3, 33, 41). In addition, retinoids have therapeutic effects in skin diseases such as acne, psoriasis, and ichthyosis (1, 35). Retinoids reverse carcinogen-induced lesions in tissue culture (13, 28) and influence the growth of tumor cell lines (24).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ashton H, Stephenson CJ, Frenk E (1971) Retinoic acid. Br J Dermatol 85: 500–503
Blalock J, Gifford GE (1977) Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) induced transcriptional control of interferon production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5382–5386
Bollag W (1975) Therapy of epithelial tumors with an aromatic retinoic acid analog. Chemotherapy 21: 236–247
Boutwell RK (1974) The function and mechanisms of promoters of carcinogenesis. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 2: 419–443
Boutwell RK (1977) The role of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in tumor promotion. In: Origins of Human Cancer, Book B, Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds). Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1977, pp 773–783
Clark JN, Marchok AC (1979) The effect of vitamin A on cellular differentiation and mucous glycoprotein synthesis in long-term rat tracheal organ cultures Differentiation 14: 175–183
Clark-Lewis I, Murray AW (1978) Tumor promotion and induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity in mechanically stimulated mouse skin Cancer Res 38: 494–497
Crain FD, Lotspeich FJ, Krause RF (1967) Biosynthesis of retinoic acid by intestinal enzymes of rats. J Lipid Res 8: 249–254
DeLuca HF (1979) Retinoic acid metabolism Fed Proc 38: 2519–2523
DeLuca LM, Bhat PV, Sasak W, Adama S (1979) Synthesis of phosphoryl and glycosyl phosphoryl derivatives of vitamin A in biological membranes. Fed Proc 38: 2535–2539
Deshmukh DS, Malathi P, Ganguly J (1965) Rapid conversion of retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) to retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) in the living rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 107: 120–122
Diamond L, O’Brien TG, Baird WM (1980) Tumor promoters and the mechanism of tumor promotion. Adv Cancer Res 32: 1–74
Dickens MS, Custer RP, Sorof S (1979) Retinoids prevent mammary gland transformation by carcinogenic hydrocarbon in whole-organ culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5891–5895
Dicker P, Rozengurt E (1979) Retinoids enhance mitogenesis by tumor promoter and polypeptide growth factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 91: 1203–1210
Dowling JE, Wald G (1960) The biological function of vitamin A acid. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 46: 587–608
Emerick RJ, Zile M, DeLuca HF (1967) Formation of retinoic acid from retinol in the rat. Biochem J 102: 606–611
Forbes PD, Urbach F, Davies RE (1979) Enhancement of experimental photocarcinogenesis by topical retinoic acid. Cancer Lett 7: 85–90
Fürstenberger G, Marks F (1978) Indomethacin inhibition of cell proliferation induced by the phorbol ester TPA is reversed by prostaglandin E2 in mouse epidermis in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 84: 1103–1111
Goodman DS (1979) Vitamin A and retinoids: recent advances, introduction, background, and general overview. Fed Proc 38: 2501–2503
Heller JS, Fong WF, Canellakis ES (1976) Induction of a protein inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase by the end products of its reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 1858–1862
Jänne J, Pösö H, Raina A (1978) Polyamines in rapid growth and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 473: 241–293
Klein-Szântô AJP, Major SK, Slaga TJ (1980) Induction of dark keratinocytes by 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and mezerein as an indicator of promoting efficiency. Carcinogenesis 1: 399–406
Levine L, Ohuchi K (1978) Retinoids as well as tumor promoters enhance deacylation of cellular lipids and prostaglandin production in MDCK cells. Nature 276: 274–275
Lotan R (1979) Different susceptibilities of human melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines to retinoic acid-induced growth inhibition. Cancer Res 39: 1014–1019
Lotan R, Dennert G (1979) Stimulatory effects of vitamin A analogs on induction of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. Cancer Res 39: 55–58
Mayer H, Bollag W, Hänni R, Rüegg R (1978) Retinoids, a new class of compounds with prophylactic and therapeutic activities in oncology and dermatology. Experientia 34: 1105–1119
McCormick AM, Napoli JL, Yoshizawa S, DeLuca HF (1980) 5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid is a physiological metabolite of retinoic acid in the rat. Biochem J 186: 475–481
Merriman RL, Bertram JS (1979) Reversible inhibition by retinoids of 3-methylcholanthreneinduced neoplastic transformation in C3H/10T clone 8 cells. Cancer Res 39: 1661–1666
Moon RC, Grubbs CJ, Sporn MB (1976) Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis by retinyl acetate. Cancer Res 36: 2626–2630
Moore T (1967) Effects of vitamin A deficiency in animals: pharmacology and toxicology of vitamin A. In: The Vitamins, second edition, Vol. 1. Sebrell WH, Harris RS (eds). Academic Press, New York, pp 245–266 and 280–294
Murray AW (1978) Induction of epidermal cell proliferation by a tumor promoter in vitamin B6-deficient mice. Experientia (Basel) 34: 691
Nettesheim P (1980) Inhibition of carcinogenesis by retinoids. Can Med Assoc J 122: 757–765
Newton DL, Henderson WR, Sporn MB (1980) Structure-activity relationships of retinoids in hamster tracheal organ culture. Cancer Res 40: 3413–3425
O’Brien TG (1976) The induction of ornithine decarboxylase as an early, possibly obligatory, event in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 36: 2644–2653
Orfanos CE, Runne U (1976) Systemic use of a new retinoid with and without local dithranol treatment in generalized psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 95: 101–103
Ross AC, Goodman DS (1979) Intracellular binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid: comparison with each other and with serum retinol-binding protein. Fed Proc 38: 2515–2518
Russell DH, Durie BGM (1978) Polyamines as markers of normal and malignant growth. Russell DH (ed). Raven Press, New York
Sani BP, Corbett TH (1977) A retinoic acid-binding protein in normal and experimental tumors. Cancer Res 37: 209–213
Schwartz E (1978) Changes in the relative amounts of iso-accepting arginyl-tRNA in the epidermis of guinea pigs under treatment with retinoic acid. Dermatologica 157 (Suppl 1): 54–56
Shapiro SS, Bishop M, Poon JP, Brown PW (1976) Effect of aromatic retinoids on rat chondrosarcoma glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Cancer Res 36: 3702–3706
Sporn MB, Newton DL (1979) Chemoprevention of cancer with retinoids. Fed Proc 38: 2528–2534
Sporn MB, Dunlop NM, Newton DL, Smith JM (1976) Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by vitamin A and its synthetic analogs (retinoids). Fed Proc 35: 1332–1338
Takigawa M, Inoue H, Gohda E, Asada A, Takeda Y, Mori Y (1977) The role of putrescine in cell proliferation of the skin of mice induced by ethylphenylpropiolate. Exp Mol Path 27: 183–196
Takigawa M, Ishida H, Takano T, Suzuki F (1980) Polyamine and differentiation: induction of ornithine decarboxylase by parathyroid hormone is a good marker of differentiated chondrocytes. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 77: 1481–1485
Tryfiates GP, Krause RF (1971) Altered messenger RNA synthesis in vitamin A deficient rat liver. Life Sci 10: 1097–1103
Verma AK, Boutwell RK (1977) Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), a potent inhibitor of 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced omithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res 37: 2196–2201
Verma AK, Rice HM, Shapas BG, Boutwell RK (1978) Inhibition of 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis by vitamin A analogs (retinoids). Cancer Res 38: 793–801
Verma AK, Shapas BG, Rice HM, Boutwell RK (1979) Correlation of the inhibition of retinoids of tumor promoter-induced mouse epidermal omithine decarboxylase activity and of skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res 39: 419–425
Verma AK, Slaga TJ, Wertz PW, Mueller GC, Boutwell RK (1980) Inhibition of skin tumor promotion by retinoic acid and its metabolite 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid. Cancer Res 40: 2367–2371
Veima AK, Ashendel CL, Boutwell RK (1980) Inhibition by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors of the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, the accumulation of prostaglandin, and tumor promotion caused by 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res 40: 308–315
Verma AK, Boutwell RK (1980) Inhibition of tumor promoter-induced mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and prevention of skin carcinogenesis by vitamin A acid and its analogues (retinoids). In: Polyamines in Biomedical Research. Gaugas JM (ed). John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chapter 12, pp 185–202
Verma AK, Boutwell RK (1980) Effect of dose and duration of treatment with the tumor promoting agent, 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetone on mouse skin Carcinogenesis 1: 271–276
Verma AK, Conrad EA, Boutwell RK (1980) Induction of mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: modulation by retinoic acid and 7,8-benzoflavone. Carcinogenesis 1: 607–611
Walback SB, Howe PR (1925) Tissue changes following deprivation of fat-soluble vitamin A. J Exp Med 42: 753–778
Wilson EL, Reich E (1978) Plasminogen activator in chick fibroblasts: induction of synthesis by retinoic acid; synergism with viral transformation and phorbol ester. Cell 15: 385–392
Wolf G, Kiorpes TC, Masushige S, Schreiber JB, Smith MJ, Anderson RS (1979) Recent evidence for the participation of vitamin A in glycoprotein synthesis. Fed Proc 38: 2540–2542
Yarita T, Nettesheim P, Mitchell TJ (1980) Failure of two retinoids to inhibit tracheal carcinogenesis in hamsters. Carcinogenesis 1: 255–265
Zile M, DeLuca H (1968) Retinoic acid: some aspects of growth promoting activity in the albino rat. J Nutr 94: 302–308
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Verma, A.K. (1981). Biochemical Mechanism of Modulation of Skin Carcinogenesis by Retinoids. In: Orfanos, C.E., Braun-Falco, O., Farber, E.M., Grupper, C., Polano, M.K., Schuppli, R. (eds) Retinoids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68023-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68023-6_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68025-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68023-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive