Abstract
Bone marrow cells differentiate into well-defined lineages, producing erythroid, myeloid, monocytic, megakaryocytic, and lymphoid cells (see reviews by Metcalf and Moore, 1971; Quesenberry and Levitt, 1979 a, b, c). The stem cells in the bone marrow have the potential of giving rise to cells of different lineages. The stem cells have been only partially identified in man, but a cell clearly capable of reconstituting bone marrow has been identified in the mouse (Metcalf, 1977). The stem cell committment to differentiation is best described by a stochastic model (Till et al, 1964). A stem cell, at random, either becomes committed to a particular lineage and gives rise to morphologically recognizable progenitor cells of that lineage, or it remains uncommitted and retains the ability to generate other stem cells. Asymmetric cell division, in which a stem cell gives rise both to differentiated progenitor and undifferentiated cells is not thought to contribute significantly to maintaining the stem cell pool. The progenitor cells then divide further to form the terminally differentiated cells characteristic of each lineage. The end cells are incapable of further proliferation. They express differentiated functions and are capable of exerting feedback regulations on the bone marrow precursor cells (Moore, 1977; Moore et al., 1978).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrahm, J., Rovera, G.: The effect of tumor promoting phorbol diesters on terminal differentiation of cells in culture. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 31, 165–175 (1980).
Adesnik, M., Snitkin, H.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cells by bromodeoxyuridine. J. Cell. Physiol. 95, 307–311 (1978).
Andersson, L.C, Jokinen, M., Gahmberg, CG.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in the human leukemia cell line K 562. Nature 278, 364–365 (1979a).
Andersson, L.C., Nilsson, K., Gahmberg, CG.: K 562 a human erythroleukemic cell line. Int. J. Cancer 23, 143–147 (1979 b).
Bernstein, A., Hunt, D.M., Crichley, V., Mak, T.W.: Induction by ouabain of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend erythroleukemia cells. Cell 9, 375–381 (1976).
Bick, M.D., Cullen, B.R.: Bromodeoxyuridine inhibition of Friend leukemia cell induction by butyric acid: time course of inhibition, reversal and effect of other base analogs. Somatic Cell Gen. 2, 545–558 (1978).
Boyer, S.H., Woo, K.D., Noyes, A.N., Young, R., Scher, W., Friend, C, Preisler, H.D., Bank, A.: Hemoglobin biosynthesis in murine virus induced leukemic cells in vitro: structure and amounts of globin chains produced. Blood 40, 823–835 (1972).
Breitman, T.R., Selonick, S.E., Collins, S.I.: Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell line (HL 60) by retinoic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2936–2940 (1980).
Christman, J.K., Price, P., Pedrinan, L., Acs, G.: Correlation between hypomethylation of dNA and expression of globin genes in Friend erythroleukemia cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 81, 53–61 (1977).
Cline, M.J., Golde, D.W.: Controlling the production of blood cells. Blood 53, 157–165 (1979).
Collins, S.J., Gallo, R.C., Gallagher, R.E.: Continuous growth and differentiation of human myeloid leukemic cells in suspension culture. Nature 270, 347–349 (1977).
Collins, S.J., Ruscetti, F.W., Gallagher, R.E., Gallo, R.C.: Terminal differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide and other polar compounds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2458–2462 (1978).
Dabney, B.J., Beaudet, A.L.: Increase in globin chains and globin mRNA in erythroleukemia cells in response to hemin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 179, 106–112 (1977).
Dube, S.K., Gaedick, G., Kluge, N., Weismann, B.J., Melderis, H., Steinheider, G., Crozier, T., Beckmann, H., Ostertag, W.: Hemoglobin synthesizing mouse and human erythroleukemic cell lines as model systems for the study of differentiation and control of gene expression. Proc. 4th Int. Symp. of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, Tokyo, University Park Press, 99–132 (1974).
Ebert, P.S., Malinin, G.I.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in Friend murine erythroleukemic cells by inorganic selenium compounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86, 340–349 (1979).
Ebert, P.S., Wars, I., Buell, D.N.: Erythroid differentiation in cultured Friend leukemia cells treated with metabolic inhibitors. Cancer Res. 36, 1809–1813 (1976).
Eisen, H., Bach, R., Emery, R.: Induction of spectrin in erythroleukemia cells transformed by Friend virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3898–3902 (1977).
Fialkow, P.J., Denman, A.M., Jacobson, R.J., Lowenthal, M.N.: Chronic myeloid leukemia. Origin of some lymphocytes from leukemic stem cells. J. Clin. Invest. 62, 815–823 (1978).
Fibach, E., Landau, T., Sachs, L.: Normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells induced by a differentiation inducing protein. Nature New Biol. 23, 276–278 (1972).
Fibach, E., Reuben, R.C., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Effect of hexamethylene bisaceta-mide on the commitment to differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res. 37, 440–444 (1977).
Fibach, E., Gambari, R., Shaw, P.A., Maniatis, G., Reuben, R.C., Sassa, S., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Tumor promoter-mediated inhibition of cell differentiation: suppression of expression of erythroid functions in murine erythroleukemia cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1906–1910 (1979).
Friend, C: Differentiation and neoplasia. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1980 (in press).
Friend, C., Scher, W., Holland, J.G., Sato, T.: Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus induced leukemia cells in vitro: stimulation of erythroid differentiation by DMSO. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 378–382 (1971).
Gallagher, R., Collins, S., Trujillo, J., McCredie, K., Ahearn, M., Tsai, S., Metzgar, R., Au-lakh, G., Ting, R., Ruscetti, F., Gallo, R.: Characterization of the continuous differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 54, 713–733 (1979).
Gambari, R., Terada, M., Bank, A., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Synthesis of globin mRNA in relation to the cell cycle during induced murine erythroleukemia differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 3801–3804 (1978).
Gazitt, Y., Friend, C: Polyamine biosynthesis enzymes in the induction and inhibition of FL cell differentiation. Cancer Res. (1980).
Geller, R., Levenson, R., Housman, D.: Significance of the cell cycle in commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells to erythroid differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 95, 213–222 (1978).
Gilbert, H.S., Mendelsohn, N., Acs, G., Christman, J.K.: Evidence for the myelomonocytic character of uninduced HL-60 cells. Blood 54 (Suppl. 1), 170a (1979).
Greenberger, J.S.: Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits normal hemopoiesis but stimulates leu-kemogenesis in long term bone marrow cultures. Blood 54 (Suppl. 1), 171 a (1979).
Gusella, J.F., Housman, D.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in vitro by purines and purine analogues. Cell 8, 263–269 (1976).
Gusella, G., Geller, R., Clarke, B., Weeks, V., Housman, D.: Commitment to erythroid differentiation by Friend erythroid leukemia cells: a stochastic analysis. Cell 9, 221–229 (1976).
Harrison, P.R.: The biology of the Friend cell. in: International review of biochemistry. Biochemistry of cell differentiation. Paul, J. (ed.), vol. 15, pp. 227–267. Baltimore: University Park Press 1977.
Harrison, P.R.: New human myeloid leukaemia cell line undergoes red shift. Nature 281, 632–633 (1979).
Harrison, P.R., Rutherford, T., Conkie, D., Affara, N., Sommerville, J., Hissey, P., Paul, J.: Analysis of erythroid differentiation in Friend cells using non-induced variants. Cell 14, 61–70 (1978).
Honma, Y., Kasukabe, T., Okabe, J., Hozumi, M.: Glucocorticoid binding and mechanisms of resistance in some clones of mouse myeloid leukemic cells resistant to induction of differentiation by dexamethasone. J. Cell. Physiol. 93, 227–235 (1977a).
Honma, Y., Kasukabe, T., Okabe, J., Hozumi, M.: Glucocorticoid-induced differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells. Gann 68, 241–246 (1977b).
Honma, Y., Kasukabe, T., Okabe, J., Hozumi, M.: Prolongation of survival time of mice inoculated with myeloid leukemia cells by inducers of normal differentiation. Cancer Res. 39, 3167–3171 (1979).
Housman, D., Gusella, J., Geller, R., Levenson, R., Weil, S.: Differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells: the control role of the commitment event. in: Differentiation of normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. Clarkson, B., Marks, P., Till, J. (eds.), pp. 193–207. New York: Cold Spring Harbor 1978.
Huberman, E., Callahan, M.F.: Induction of terminal differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells by tumor-promoting agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1293–1297 (1979).
Ichikawa, Y.: Differentiation of a cell line of mouse myeloid leukemia. J. Cell. Physiol. 74, 223–234 (1969).
Ikawa, Y., Aida, M., Inoue, Y.: Isolation and characterization of high and low differentiation-inducible Friend leukemia lines. Gann 67, 767–770 (1976a).
Ikawa, Y., Inoue, A., Aida, M., Kameji, R., Shibata, C., Sugano, H.: Phenotypic variants of differentiation-inducible Friend leukemia lines: Isolation and correlation between inducibility and virus release. Bibl. Haematol. 43, 37–47 (1976b).
Keppel, F., Allet, B., Eisen, H.: Appearance of a chromatin protein during the erythroid differentiation of Friend virus transformed cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 653–656 (1977).
Koeffler, H.P., Bar-Eli, M., Territo, M.: Heterogeneity of human myeloid leukemia cell response to phorbol diester. Blood 54, (Suppl. 1), 174 a (1979).
Krystosek, A., Sachs, L.: Control of lysozyme induction in the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. Cell 9, 675–684 (1976).
Lacour, F., Harel, L., Friend, C., Huynh, T., Holland, J.G.: Induction of differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells by aminonucleoside of puromycin and its inhibition by purines and purine derivatives. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2740–2742 (1980).
Leder, A., Leder, P.: Butyric acid: a potent inducer of erythroid differentiation in cultured erythroleukemia cells. Cell 5, 319–322 (1975).
Leder, A., Orkin, S., Leder, P.: Differentiation of erythroleukemia cells in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Science 190, 893–894 (1975).
Levenson, R., Kernen, J., Mitrani, A., Housman, D.: DNA synthesis is not required for the commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells. Devel. Biol. 74, 224–230 (1980).
Levy, J., Terada, M., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in Friend virus infected cells by dimethylsulfoxide: relationship to the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 28–32 (1975).
Lo, S.C., Aft, R., Ross, F., Mueller, G.C.: Control of globin gene expression by steroid hormones in differentiating Friend leukemia cells. Cell 15, 447–453 (1978).
Lotem, J., Sachs, L.: Different blocks in the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 3507–3511 (1974).
Lotem, J., Sachs, L.: Induction of specific changes in the surface membrane of myeloid leukemic cells by steroid hormones. Int. J. Cancer 15, 731–740 (1975a).
Lotem, J., Sachs, L.: Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. VI. Inhibition of cell multiplication and the formation of macrophages. J. Cell. Physiol. 85, 587–596 (1975b).
Lotem, J., Sachs, L.: Regulation of normal differentiation in mouse and human myeloid leukemic cells by phorbol esters and the mechanism of tumor promotion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 5158–5162 (1979).
Lozzio, C.B., Lozzio, B.B.: Human chronic myelogenous leukemic cell line with positive Philadelphia chromosome. Blood 45, 321–334 (1975).
Mager, D.L., MacDonald, M.E., Bernstein, A.: Growth in high-K+ medium induces Friend cell differentiation. Devel. Biol. 70, 268–273 (1979).
Marks, P.A., Rifkind, R.A.: Erythroleukemic differentiation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 47, 419–448 (1978).
Matarese, G.P., Rossi, G.B.: Effect of interferon on growth and division cycle of Friend erythroleukemic murine cells in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 75, 344–354 (1977).
McClintock, P.R., Papaconstantinou, J.: Regulation of hemoglobin synthesis in a murine erythroblastic leukemic cell: the requirement for replication to induce hemoglobin synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 4551–4555 (1974).
Metcalf, D.: Haemopoietic colonies. Recent Res. Cancer Res. 61, 1–213 (1977).
Metcalf, D., Moore, M.A.S.: Haemopoietic cells. Amsterdam: North Holland 1971.
Miao, R.M., Fieldsteel, A.H.: Regulation of erythroid differentiation: characterization of Rauscher and Friend virus-transformed proerythroid cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 160, 24–27 (1979).
Miao, R.M., Fieldsteel, A.M., Fodge, D.W.: Opposing effects of tumor promoters on erythroid differentiation. Nature 274, 271–272 (1978).
Moore, M.A.S.: Regulation of leukocyte differentiation and leukemia as a disorder of differentiation. In: Recent advances in cancer research: Cell biology and tumor virology. Gallo, R.C. (ed.). pp. 79–103. Cleveland: CRC Press 1977.
Moore, M.A.S., Kurland, J., Broxmeyer, H.E.: Regulatory interactions in normal and leukemic myelopoiesis. in: Differentiation of normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. Clarkson, B., Marks, P. and Till, J. (eds.), pp. 393–404. New York: Cold Spring Harbor 1978.
Nakayasu, M., Terada, M., Tamura, G., Sugimura, T.: Induction of differentiation of human and murine myeloid leukemia cells in culture by tunicamycin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 400–413 (1980).
Ohta, Y., Tanaka, M., Terada, M., Miller, O.J., Bank, A., Marks, P.A., Rifkind, R.A.: Erythroid cell differentiation: murine erythroleukemia cell variant with unique pattern of induction by polar compounds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 1232–1236 (1976).
Okabe, J., Honma, Y., Hozumi, M.: Differentiation of a resistant clone of mouse myeloid leukemia cells with dimethyl sulfoxide and ascitic fluid. Gann 68, 151–157 (1977).
Okabe, J., Honma, Y., Hayashi, M., Hozumi, M.: Actinomycin D restores in vivo sensitivity to differentiation induction of non-differentiating mouse myeloid leukemia cells. Int. J. Cancer 24, 87–91 (1979).
Papac, R.J., Browna, A.E., Sartorelli, A.C.: Induction of differentiation of human myeloid cells in vitro by 6-thioguanine. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 20, 419 (1979).
Patuleia, M.C., Friend, C.: Tissue culture studies on murine virus induced leukemia cells: isolation of single cells in agar liquid medium. Cancer Res. 27, 726–730 (1967).
Paul, J., Hickey, I.: Hemoglobin synthesis in inducible, uninducible and hybrid Friend cell clones. Exp. Cell Res. 87, 20–30 (1974).
Pegoraro, L., Abrahm, J., Cooper, R.A., Levis, A., Lange, B., Meo, P., Rovera, G.: Differentiation of human leukemias in response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in vitro. Blood 55, 859–862 (1980).
Preisler, H.D., Giladi, M.: Differentiation of erythroleukemic cells in vitro: irreversible induction by dimethyl sulfoxide. J. Cell. Physiol. 85, 537–545 (1975).
Preisler, H.D., Lyman, G.: Differentiation of erythroleukemic cells in vitro: Properties of chemical inducers. Cell Differ. 4, 179–185 (1975).
Preisler, H.D., Housman, D., Scher, W., Friend, C.: Effects of 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine on production of globin messenger RNA in dimethyl sulfoxide-stimulated Friend leukemia cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 2956–2959 (1973).
Preisler, H.D., Bjornsson, S., Mori, M., Lyman, G.H.: Inducers of Friend leukemia cell differentiation in vitro — effects of in vivo administration. Br. J. Cancer 33, 634–645 (1976 a).
Preisler, H.D., Christoff, G., Taylor, E.: Cryoprotective agents as inducers of erythroleukemic cell differentiation in vitro. Blood 47, 363–368 (1976b).
Preisler, H.D., Shiraishi, Y., Mori, M., Sandberg, A.A.: Clones of Friend leukemia cells: differences in karyotypes and responsiveness to inducers of differentiation. Cell Differ. 5, 207–216 (1976 c).
Quesenberry, P., Levitt, L.: Hematopoietic stem cells. New Engl. J. Med. 301, 755–760 (1979a).
Quesenberry, P., Levitt, L.: Hematopoietic stem cells. New Engl. J. Med. 301, 819–823 (1979b).
Quesenberry, P., Levitt, L.: Hematopoietic stem cells. New Engl. J. Med. 301, 868–872 (1979 c).
Reuben, R.C., Wife, R.L., Breslow, R., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Identification of a new group of potent inducers of differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 862–866 (1976).
Reuben, R.C., Khanna, P.L., Gazitt, Y., Breslow, R., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Inducers of erythroleukemic differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 4214–4218 (1978).
Ross, J., Sautner, D.: Induction of globin mRNA accumulation by heme in cultured erythroleukemic cells. Cell 8, 513–520 (1976).
Rossi, G.B., Dolei, A., Cioe, L., Benedetto, A., Matarese, G.P., Belardelli, F.: Inhibition of transcription and translation of globin messenger RNA in dimethyl sulfoxide-stimulated Friend erythroleukemic cells treated with interferon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 2036–2040 (1977a).
Rossi, G.B., Matarese, G.P., Grappelli, C., Belardelli, F.: Interferon inhibits dimethyl sulfoxide-induced erythroid differentiation of Friend leukaemia cells. Nature 267, 50–52 (1977b).
Rovera, G., Bonaiuto, J.: The phenotypes of variant clones of Friend mouse erythroleukemic cells resistant to dimethylsulfoxide. Cancer Res. 36, 4057–4061 (1976).
Rovera, G., Surrey, S.: Isolation and characterization of a subline of Friend erythroleukemia cells that differentiate in tissue culture in the absence of inducers. Cancer Res. 37, 4211–4219 (1977).
Rovera, G., Surrey, S.: Use of resistant or hypersensitive variant clones of Friend cells in analysis of the mode of action of inducers. Cancer Res. 38, 3737–3744 (1978).
Rovera, G., O’Brien, T., Diamond, L.: Tumor promoters inhibit spontaneous differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 2894–2898 (1977).
Rovera, G., O’Brien, T.G., Diamond, L.: Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells by tumor promoters. Science 204, 868–870 (1979a).
Rovera, G., Santoli, D., Damsky, C.: Human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture differentiate into macrophage-like cells when treated with phorbol diesters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 2779–2783 (1979b).
Rovera, G., Olashaw, N., Meo, P.: Terminal differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemic cells in the absence of DNA synthesis. Nature 284, 69–70 (1980).
Rutherford, T.R., Clegg, J.B., Weatherall, D.J.: K 562 human leukemic cells synthesize embryonic hemoglobin in response to hemin. Nature 280, 164–165 (1979).
Sachs, L.: Control of normal cell differentiation and the phenotypic reversion of malignancy in myeloid leukemia. Nature 274, 535–539 (1978).
Santoro, M.G., Benedetto, A., Jaffe, B.M.: Hydrocortisone inhibits DMSO-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85, 1510–1518 (1978).
Scher, W., Friend, C.: Breakage of DNA and alterations in folded genomes by inducers of differentiation in Friend erythroleukemic cells. Cancer Res. 38, 841–849 (1978).
Scher, W., Preisler, H.D., Friend, C.: Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus-induced leukemic cells in vitro. Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. J. Cell. Physiol. 81, 63–79 (1973).
Scher, W., Tsuei, D., Sassa, S., Price, P., Gabelman, N., Friend, C.: Inhibition of DMSO-stimulated Friend cell erythrodifferentiation by hydrocortisone and other steroids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 3851–3855 (1978).
Selonick, S.E., Breitman, T.R., Collins, S.J.: Retinoic acid induces differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL 60). Proc. Am. Fed. Clin. Res. 180 a (1980).
Silagi, S., Bruce, S.A.: Suppression of malignancy and differentiation in melanotic melanoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 66, 72–78 (1970).
Stockdale, F., Okazaki, K., Nameroff, M., Holtzer, H.: 5-bromodeoxy-uridine: effect on myogenesis in vitro. Science 146, 533–535 (1964).
Stuart, R.K., Hamilton, J.: Tumor promoting phorbol esters stimulate hemopoietic colony formation in vitro. Blood 54 (Suppl. 1) 176a (1979).
Sugano, H., Furusawa, M., Kawaguchi, T., Ikawa, Y.: Enhancement of erythrocytic maturation of Friend virus induced leukemic cells in vitro. Bibl. Hematol. 39, 943–954 (1973).
Tabuse, Y., Furasawa, M., Eisen, H., Shibata, K.: Prostaglandin E1, and inducer of erythroid differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. Exp. Cell Res.108, 41–45 (197
Takahashi, E., Yamada, M., Saito, M., Kuboyama, M., Ogasa, K.: Differentiation of cultured Friend leukemic cells induced by short-chain fatty acids. Gann 66, 577–580 (1975).
Tanaka, M., Levy, J., Terada, M., Breslow, R., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Induction of erythroid differentiation in murine virus infected erythroleukemia cells by highly polar compounds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 1003–1006 (1975).
Terada, M., Epner, E., Nudel, U., Salmon, J., Fibach, E., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Induction of murine erythroleukemia differentiation by Actinomycin D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2795–2799 (1978 a).
Terada, M., Marks, P.A., Rifkind, R.A.: Erythroid cell differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 21, 33–41 (1978 b).
Terada, M., Nudel, U., Fibach, E., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Changes in DNA associated with induction of erythroid differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res. 38, 835–840 (1978 c).
Terada, M., Fujiki, H., Marks, P.A., Sugimura, T.: Induction of erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells by nicotinamide and related compounds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 6411–6414 (1979).
Till, J.E., McCulloch, E.A., Siminovitch, L.: A stochastic model of stem cell proliferation based on the growth of spleen colony-forming cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51, 29–36 (1964).
Tomida, M., Yamamoto, Y., Hozumi, M.: Induction by synthetic polyribonucleotide Poly (I) of differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Differ. 7, 305–312 (1978).
Tsiftsoglou, A.S., Gusella, J.F., Volloch, V., Housman, D.E.: Inhibition by dexamethasone of commitment to erythroid differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res. 39, 3849–3855 (1979).
Weiss, B., Sachs, L.: Indirect induction of differentiation in myeloid leukemic cells by lipid A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1374–1378 (1978).
Whang, J., Frei, E. III, Tjio, J.H., Carbone, P.C., Brecher, G.: The distribution of the Philadelphia chromosome in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 22, 664–673 (1963).
Wiens, A.W., McClintock, P.R., Papaconstantinou, J.: The dependence of erythroid differentiation on cell replication in dimethyl sulfoxide treated Friend leukemia virus infected cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 70, 824–831 (1976).
Yamasaki, H., Fibach, E., Weinstein, I.B., Nudel, U., Rifkind, R.A., Marks, P.A.: Tumor promoters inhibit spontaneous and induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3451–3455 (1977).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Abrahm, J., Rovera, G. (1981). Inducers and Inhibitors of Leukemic Cell Differentiation in Culture. In: Baserga, R. (eds) Tissue Growth Factors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 57. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67986-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67986-5_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67988-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67986-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive