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Disequilibrium

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Lasers and Chemical Change

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics ((CHEMICAL,volume 10))

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Abstract

Our concern in this volume is with molecular systems that have been displaced from thermal equilibrium, often to a considerable extent. Lasers and chemical lasers in particular operate because such displacements are feasible and are used, in turn, as means for driving other systems away from equilibrium. The first task is thus to examine those concepts and theoretical constructs of chemical physics that provide the framework for a discussion of disequilibrium on the molecular level. This chapter will center attention on the means for describing the system, means for the characterization of the phenomena in a compact fashion. The need for such a chapter stems from the traditional concern of physical chemistry with the simpler case of systems in thermal equilibrium. When disequilibrium was introduced it was often discussed as a macroscopic phenomenon. An extension of the traditional conceptual machinery is now required. In particular, the two mainstays of physical chemistry, chemical kinetics and chemical thermodynamics, need to be discussed from a molecular or state-to-state point of view.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel

    Professor Dr. Avinoam Ben-Shaul, Professor Dr. Yehuda Haas & Professor Dr. Raphael D. Levine

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Laserforschung, D-8046, Garching, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    Professor Dr. Karl Ludwig Kompa

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Avinoam Ben-Shaul
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  2. Professor Dr. Yehuda Haas
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  3. Professor Dr. Raphael D. Levine
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  4. Professor Dr. Karl Ludwig Kompa
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© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Ben-Shaul, A., Haas, Y., Levine, R.D., Kompa, K.L. (1981). Disequilibrium. In: Lasers and Chemical Change. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67826-4_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67826-4_2

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