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Biochemical Pharmacology of Alcohol

  • Chapter
Psychotropic Agents

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 55 / 3))

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Abstract

During recent years, a large amount of data has been obtained describing the diversity of alcohol actions on biologic systems. While the study of opiate drugs has led to the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides and specific receptors mediating their actions, investigations of alcohol have revealed increasingly complex primary effects and a multitude of secondary biologic consequences. In contrast to opiate alkaloids and endogenous peptides, ethanol is lacking in informational content. Its much simpler molecular structure is less likely to be able to interact specifically with a particular putative receptor. Because of its physical and chemical properties, ethanol can be considered to have dual actions on biologic systems. Like other nonspecific anesthetics, it produces some of its effects because of its particular balance of polar and nonpolar interactions with biologic membranes. The other important property of ethanol is that of an oxidizable substrate, with multiple consequences that include perturbation of normal metabolism and the production of the highly reactive and potentially toxic agent, acetaldehyde.

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  1. J. Ellingboe
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  2. J. H. Mendelson
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  1. Institut für Pharmakologie, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, D-5600, Wuppertal 1, Germany

    F. Hoffmeister

  2. Institut für Arzneimittel des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Stauffenbergstraße 13, D-1000, Berlin 30, Germany

    G. Stille

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Ellingboe, J., Mendelson, J.H. (1982). Biochemical Pharmacology of Alcohol. In: Hoffmeister, F., Stille, G. (eds) Psychotropic Agents. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 55 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67770-0_11

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