Abstract
Murein or peptidoglycan is the rigid layer of the cell walls of almost all bacteria. Cell walls of gram-positive bacteria consist of a murein layer with a thickness of about 30 nm. In this case the murein is combined with Polysaccharides, teichoic acids, and teichuronic acids [18]. Cell walls of gram-negative bacteria contain proteins, lipoproteins, lipopolysaceharides and a thin murein layer with a thickness of about 2 nm [6,16,19].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnickel G, Labischinski H, Bradaczec H, Giesbrecht P (1979) Conformational energy calculation on the peptide part of murein. Eur J Biochem 95: 157–165
Braun V, Gnirke H, Henning U, Rehn K (1973) Model for the structure of the shape-maintaining layer of the Escherichia coli cell envelope. J Bacteriol 114: 1264–1270
Burge RE, Fowler AG, Reaveley DA (1977) Structure of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls I. J Mol Biol 117: 927–953
Burge RE, Adams R, Balyuzi HHM, Reaveley DA (1977) Structure of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls II. J Mol Biol 117: 955–974
Carlström D (1957) The crystal structure of α-chitin. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3: 669–683
Petris de S (1967) Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and chemical nature of its constituent layers. J Ultrastruct Res 19: 45–83
Dietrich J, Formanek H, Fox F, Knapek E, Weyl R (1979) Reduction of radiation damage in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system. Nature (London) 277: 380
Formanek H, Formanek S (1970) Specific staining for electron microscopy of murein sacculi of bacterial cell walls. Eur J Biochem 17: 78–84
Formanek H, Formanek S, Wawra H (1974) A three-dimensional model of the murein layer of bacteria. Eur J Biochem 46: 279–294
Formanek H, Schleifer KH, Seidl HP, Lindemann R, Zundel G (1976) Three dimensional structures of peptidoglycans of bacterial cell walls: Infrared investigations. FEBS Lett 70: 150–154
Formanek H (1978) A three dimensional model of the digestion of peptidoglycan by lysozyme. Biophys Struct Mech 4: 1–14
Formanek H (1978) Preparation of the rigid layer of bacterial cell walls (murein) for high resolution electron microscopy. Proc 9th Int Congr Electron Microsc, vol II, pp 344–345. Toronto
Formanek H (1979) Preparation of hydrophilic, Single crystalline specimen supports of graphitic oxide. Ultramicroscopy 4: 227–332
Formanek H, Rauscher G (1980) Electron diffraction studies of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. Ultramicroscopy in press
Fox F, Knapek E, Weyl R (1978) High resolution imaging of the rigid layer of bacterial cell walls at liquid helium temperature. Proc 9th Int Congr Electron Microsc, vol II, pp 342–343. Toronto
Frank H, Dekegel D (1967) Electron microscopical studies on the localization of the different components of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. Folia Microbiol 12: 227–233
Giesbrecht P, Wecke J, Reinicke B (1976) On the morphogenesis of the cell wall of Staphylococci. Int Rev Cytol 44: 225–318
Glauert AM, Thornley MJ (1969) The topography of the bacterial cell wall. Annu Rev Microbiol 23: 159–198
Hofschneider PH, Martin HH (1968) Diversity of surface layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis, J Gen Microbiol 51: 23–33
Kandier O, Formanek H (1974) The possible tertiary structure of peptidoglycan. Proc Ist Intersect Congr Int Ass Microbiol Soc Tokyo, pp 491–495
Kelemen MV, Rogers HJ (1971) Three-dimensional molecular models of bacterial cell wall mueopeptides (peptidoglycans). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 922–996
Labischinski H, Barnickel G, Bradczec H, Giesbrecht P (1979) On the secondary and tertiary structure of murein. Eur J Biochem 95: 147–155
Oldmixon EH, Glauser S, Higgins ML (1974) Two proposed general configuration for bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans shown by space-filling molecular models. Biopolymers 13: 2037–2060
Ramachandran GN, Ramakrishnan C, Saisekharan V (1963) In: Ramachandran GN (ed) Aspects in protein structure, pp 121–135. Academic Press, London New York
Wawra H (1976) Eine Röntgenkleinwinkelkamera mittleren Auflösungsvermögens ohne Spaltlängsverschmierung. Z Naturforsch 3lc: 635–640
Weidel W, Pelzer H (1964) Bagshaped macromolecules — a new outlook on bacterial cell walls. Adv Enzymol 26: 192–232
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Formanek, H. (1980). High-Resolution Electron Microscopy on Peptidoglycan. In: Baumeister, W., Vogell, W. (eds) Electron Microscopy at Molecular Dimensions. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67688-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67688-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67690-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67688-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive