Abstract
The ever valid advice “first anatomy, then physiology” cannot be disregarded when attempting to survey the effects of adrenergic activators and inhibitors on the eye. The eyes are multilayered organs, harboring in close proximity to each other quite different strata, in terms of their ontogeny, anatomy, and biochemistry, which — as regards pharmacology — behave as quite different, sometimes antagonistic targets of adrenergic drugs.
Chapter PDF
References
Abdel-Latif, H.A., Smith, J.P.: Effects of D,L-propranolol on the synthesis of glycerolipids by rabbit iris muscle. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25, 1697–1704 (1976)
Alm, A.: The effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood flow through the uvea, retina and optic nerve in monkeys (Macaca irus). Exp. Eye Res. 25, 19–24 (1977)
van Alphen, G.W.H.M.: The adrenergic receptor of the intraocular muscles of the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. 15, 502–505 (1976)
Anton-Tay, F.: Pineal-brain relationships. The pineal gland, a Ciba Foundation symposium, Wolstenholme, G.E.W., Knight, J. (eds.), pp. 213–220. Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone 1971
Axelrod, J.: Neural control of indoleamine metabolism in the pineal. The pineal gland, a Ciba Foundation symposium, Wolstenholme, G.E.W., Knight, J. (eds.), pp. 35–47. Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone 1971
Bausher, L.P., Sears, M.L.: Potentiation of the effects of topical epinephrine on the pupil and intraocular pressere in the sympathetically denervated rabbit eye by a catechol-0-methyl transferase inhibitor. Invest. Ophthalmol. 15, 854–857 (1976)
Becker, B., Shin, D.H.: Response to topical epinephrine, a practical prognostic test in patients with ocular hypertension. Arch. Ophthalmol. 94, 2057–2058 (1976)
Becker, B., Montgomery, S.W., Kass, M.A., Shin, D.H.: Increased ocular and systemic responsiveness to epinephrine in primary open angle glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 789–790 (1977)
Bill, A., Heilman, K.: Ocular effects of clonidin in cats and monkeys. Exp. Eye Res. 21, 481–488 (1975)
Bitensky, M.W., Miki, N., Marcus, F.R., Kleirns, J.J.: The role of cyclic nucleotids in visual excitation. Life Sci. 13, 145–147 (1973)
Bonomi, L., Steindler, P.: Effect of Pindolol on intraocular pressure. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 59, 301–303 (1975)
Brown, J.H., Makman, M.H.: Stimulation by dopamine of adenylate cyclase in retinal homo- genates and of adenosine 3/-5,-cyclic monophosphate formation in intact retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 539–543 (1972)
Brown, J.H., Makman, M.H.: Influence of neuroleptic drugs and apomorphine on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of retina. J. Neurochem. 21, 477–479 (1973)
Bubenik, G.A., Purtill, R.A., Brown, G.M., Grota, L.J.: Melatonin in the retina and the Harderian gland. Exp. Eye Res. 27, 323–333 (1978)
Bucher, M.B., Schorderet, M.: Apomorphine-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP in isolated retinas of the rabbit. Biochem. Pharmacol. 23, 3079–3082 (1974)
Chandra, S.R., Friedmann, E.: Choroidal blood flow. II. The effects of autonomic agents. Arch. Ophthalmol. 87, 67–69 (1972)
Chau-Po Wei, Anderson, J.A., Leopold, I.: Ocular absorption and metabolism of topically applied epinephrine, and a dipivalyl ester of epinephrine. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 315–321 (1978)
Chiou, C.Y., Zimmerman, T.J.: Ocular hypotensive effects of autonomic drugs. Invest. Ophthalmol. 14, 416–417 (1975)
Cohen, S.: Purification of a nerve growth promoting protein from the mouse salivary gland and its neurocytotoxic antiserum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 46, 302–311 (1960)
Colasanti, B.K., Barany, E.H.: Reduction by indomethacin of the degeneration increase in outflow facility after superior cervical ganglionectomy in the rabbit. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 802–805 (1978)
Diamon, J.G.: 6-hydroxydopamine in treatment of open angle glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 94, 41–47 (1976)
Duke-Elder, S., Gloster, J.: The physiology of the eye and of vision. System of ophthalmol. Duke-Elder, S. (Ed.), Vol. IV, pp. 426-427. London: Kimpton 1968 Editorial: A sympathetic approach to open-angle glaucoma. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 59, 295 (1975)
Ehinger, B., Falck, B.: Morphological and pharmacohistological characteristics of adrenergic retinal neurons of some mammals. Graefes Arch. Ophthalmol. 178, 295–305 (1969)
Ehinger, B., Floren, I.: Quantitation fo the uptake of indolamines and dopamine in the rabbit retina. Exp. Eye Res. 26, 1–11 (1978)
Elliot, M.J., Cullen, P.M., Phillips, C.I.: Ocular hypotensive effect of atenolol. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 59, 296–300 (1975)
Felix, R.H., Ive, F.A., Dahl, M.G.C.: Cutaneous and ocular reactions to practolol. Br. Med. J. 4, 321–324 (1974)
Flach, A., Wood, I.: An electron microscopic study of degeneration of nerve terminals after administration of epinephrine. Exp. Eye Res. 27, 377–385 (1978)
Froomberg, D., Voaden, M.J.: An investigation of mitotic control in the rabbit lens epithelium. Exp. Eye Res. 5, 1–9 (1966)
Gloster, J., Greaves, D.P.: Effect of diencephalic stimulation upon intraocular pressure. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 41, 513–532 (1957)
Guy, J., Quigley, H.A., Andersen, D.R.: The effect of biogenic monoamines on rapid axonal transport in the rabbit optic nerve. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 296–300 (1978)
Halasa, A.H., Rutkowski, P.C.: Thymoxamine therapy for angle closure glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 90, 177–179 (1973)
Holland, M.G., Mims, J.L.: Anterior segment chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxy-dopamine. Invest. Ophthalmol. 10, 120–143 (1971)
Iversen, L.L., Hendry, I.A., Mackay, A.V.P.: Assay of nerve growth factor (NGF) in mouse tissue and the role of NGF and depolarizing stimuli in the long-term regulation of tyrosine- hydroxylase activity in adrenergic neurons. Dynamics of degeneration and growth in neurons. Fuxe, K., Olson, L., Zotterman, Y. (eds.), pp. 329-345. Oxford: Pergamon 1974
Johnson, S.J., Brubaker, R.F., Trautman, J.C.: Absence of an effect of timolol on the pupil. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 924–926 (1978)
Jones, D.E.P., Norton, D.A., Harvey, J., Davies, D.J.G.: Effect of adrenaline and guanethidine in reducing intraocular pressure in rabbits’ eyes. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 59, 304–307 (1975)
Joó, I., Kahán, Á.: The porphyrin content of Harderian glands is rats and the melatonine-melanocyte stimulating hormone-system. Endokrinologie 65, 308–312 (1975)
Junemee, H.C., Zwieten, P.A.: The central ocular hypotensive effect of Clonidine. Graefes Arch. Ophthalmol. 210, 93–102 (1979)
Kahán, Á.: The role of blood in the pathogeny and therapy of retinal disorders. Thesis, Acad. Sci. Hung. 1971
Kahán, Á., Oláh, M.: Catecholamine-contents of the retina and uvea and their significance. Szemeszet 112, 182–185 (1975)
Klyce, S.D., Neufeld, A.H., Zadunaisky, J.A.: Actions of epinephrine and other cAMP mediator agents on the chloride transport of the frog cornea. Invest. Ophthalmol. 11, 644–650 (1972)
Knyihár, K., Ristovky, G., Csillik, B.: Chemical sympathectomy: Histochemical and submicro-scopical consequences of 6-hydroxy-dopamine treatment in the rat iris. Experientia 25, 518–520 (1969)
Kramer, S.G.: Dopamine: a retinal neurotransmitter. I. Retinal uptake, storage, and light-stimulated release of H 3-dopamine in vivo. Invest. Ophthal. 10, 438–452 (1971)
Kramer, S.G., Potts, A.M.: Catecholamine metabolite formation in the iris and ciliary body in vivo. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 72, 939–946 (1971)
Kramer, S.G., Potts, A.M., Mangnall, Y.: Dopamine: A retinal neurotransmitter. II. Autoradiographic localization of H 3-dopamine in the retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. 10, 617–624 (1971)
Kramer, S.G., Potts, A.M., Mangnall, Y.: Autoradiographic localization ofcateholamines in the uveal tract. I. Light-microscopic study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 74, 129–134 (1972)
Krejci, L., Harrison, R.: Epinephrine effects on corneal cells in tissue culture. Arch. Ophthalmol. 83, 451–454 (1957)
Lahav, M., Melamed, E., Dafna, Z., Alas, D.: Localization of beta-receptors in the anterior segment of the rat eye by a fluorescent analogue of propranolol. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 645–651 (1978)
Lamble, J.W.: Some factors affecting the intraocular hypotensive and mydriasis responses of the rabbit to topically administered L-adrenaline bitartrate. Exp. Eye Res. 17, 473–482 (1973)
Langham, M.E., Diggs, E.: Beta-adrenergic responses in the eyes of rabbits, primates, and man. Exp. Eye Res. 19, 281–295 (1974)
Langham, M.E., Krieglstein, G.K.: Die Wirkung wiederholter Adrenalin-Applikation auf intraokularen Druck und Pupille beim Kaninchen. Graefes Arch. Ophthalmol. 196, 267–277 (1975)
Langham, M.E., Rosenthal, R.: Role of cervical sympathetic nerve in regulating intraocular pressure and circulation. Am. J. Physiol. 210, 786–794 (1966)
Laties, A.L., Neufeld, A.H., Veggs, T., Sears, L.: Differential reactivity of rabbit iris and ciliary process to topically applied prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone). Arch. Ophthalmol. 94, 1966–1971 (1976)
Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D.: Pigment cell regulatory factors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 32, 211–221 (1959)
Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D., Heinzelman, R.V.: Structure of melatonin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 6084–6085 (1959)
Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D., Takayaski, Y.: Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindol-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands. J. Biol. Chem. 235, 1992–1997 (1960)
Levi-Montalcini, R., Angeletti, P.U.: Nerve growth factor. Physiol. Rev. 48, 534–569 (1968)
Macri, F.J.: Vasoconstriction produced in the iris-ciliary body of the cat by stimulation of local ganglion-like receptors. Invest. Ophthalmol. 10, 581–588 (1971)
Miller, W.H., Gorman, R.E., Bitensky, M.W.: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate function in photoreceptors. Science 174, 295–297 (1971)
Moszkovska, A., Kordon, C., Ebels, I.: Biochemical fractions and mechanisms involved in the pineal modulation of pituitary gonadotropin release. The pineal gland, a Ciba Foundation symposium, Wolstenholme, G.E.W., Knight, J. (eds.), pp. 241–256.
Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone 1971 Neetens, A., Bernard, P.J.: The influence of adrenergic drugs on intra-ocular pressure in the anaesthetized dog. Exp. Eye Res. 17, 427–433 (1973)
Neufeld, A.H., Page, E.D.: In vitro determination of the ability of drugs to bind to adrenergic receptors. Invest. Ophthalmol. 16, 1118–1124 (1977)
Neufeld, A.H., Jampol, L.M., Sears, M.L.: Aspirin prevents the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye. Nature 238, 158–159 (1972 a)
Neufeld, A.H., Jampol, L.M., Sears, M.L.: Cyclic-AMP in the aqueous humor. The effects of adrenergic agents. Exp. Eye Res. 14, 242–250 (1972 b)
Neufeld, A.H., Zawistowski, K.A., Page, E.D., Bromberg, B.B.: Influences on the density of beta adrenergic receptors in the cornea and iris-ciliary body of the rabbit. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 1069–1075 (1978)
Palmberg, P.F., Hajek, S., Cooper, D., Becker, B.: Increased ocular and systemic responsiveness to epinephrine in primary open angle glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 789–790 (1977 a)
Palmberg, P.F., Hajek, S., Cooper, D., Becker, B.: Increased cellular responsiveness to epinephrine in primary open angle glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 855–856 (1977 b)
Pannbacker, R.., Fleischman, D.E., Reed, D.W.: Cyclic nucleotide diesterase: high activity in mammalian photoreceptors. Science 175, 757–758 (1972)
Patil, P.N.: Cocaine-binding by the pigmented and the nonpigmented iris and its relevance to the mydriatic effect. Invest. Ophthalmol. 11, 739–746 (1972)
Radius, R., Langham, M.E.: Cyclic AMP and the ocular response to norepinephrine. Exp. Eye Res. 17, 219–229 (1973)
Rahi, A.H.S., Chapman, C.M., Garner, A., Wright, P.: Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 60, 312–323 (1976)
Rentzhog, L.: Synthesis of catecholamines in the eye after local injection of 3H-precursors. Acta Physiol. Scand. 94, 459–466 (1975)
Roth, J.A.: Guanethidine and adrenaline used in combination in chronic simple glaucoma. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 57, 507–510 (1973)
Schümann, H.J.: Formation of adrenergic transmitters. Adrenergic mechanisms. Ciba Foundation symposium. Vane, J.J., Wolstenholme, G.E.W., O’Connor, M. (eds.), pp. 6–16. London: Churchill Livingstone 1960
Scott, A.B., Collins, C.C.: Division of labor in human extraocular muscle. Arch. Ophthalmol. 90, 319–327 (1973)
Sears, M.L.: Adrenergic supersensitivity of the scorbutic iris. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 71, 536–557 (1973)
Sears, M.L.: Perspectives in glaucoma research. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 6–20 (1978)
Sears, M.L., Neufeld, A.H.: Adrenergic modulation of the outflow of aqueous humor. Invest. Ophthalmol. 14, 83–86 (1975)
Seidehamel, R.J., Dungan, K.W., Hickey, T.E.: Specific hypotensive and antihypertensive ocular effects of D-isoproterenol in rabbits. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 79, 1018–1025 (1975)
Sonntag, R., Brindley, G.O., Shields, M.B.: Effect of timolol therapy on outflow facilities. Invest. Ophthalmol. 17, 293–296 (1978)
Udenfriend, S., Weissbach, H., Bogdanski, P.F.: Increase in tissue serotonin following administration of its precursor 5-hydroxy-tryptophan. J. Biol. Chem. 224, 803–810 (1957)
Varon, S., Nomura, J., Shooter, E.M.: The isolation of the mouse nerve growth factor protein in a high molecular weight form. Biochemistry 6, 2202 - 2209 (1967)
Varon, S., Nomura, J., Shooter, E.M.: Reversible dissociation of the mouse nerve growth factor protein into different subunits. Biochemistry 7, 1296–1303 (1968)
Voaden, M.J.: A chalone in the rabbit lens. Exp. Eye Res. 7, 326–331 (1968)
Voaden, M.J., Froomberg, D.: Topography of a mitotic inhibitor in the rabbit lens. Exp. Eye Res. 6, 213–218 (1967)
Waitzmann, M.B., Woods, W.D., Cheek, W.V.: Effects of prostaglandins and norepinephrine on ocular pressure and pupil size in rabbits following bilateral cervical ganglionectomy. Invest. Ophthalmol. 18, 52–60 (1979)
Waltman, S.R., Yarian, D., Hart, W., Becker, B.: Corneal endothelial changes with long term topical epinephrine therapy. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 1357–1358 (1977)
Wettrell, K., Pandolfi, M.: Effect of oral administration of various beta-blocking agents on the intraocular pressure in healthy volunteers. Exp. Eye Res. 21, 451–456 (1975)
Wettrell, K., Pandolfi, M.: Effect of topical atenolol on intraocular pressure. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 61, 334–338 (1977)
Whitelocke, R.A.F., Eakins, K.E.: Vascular changes in the anterior uvea of the rabbit produced by prostaglandins. Arch. Ophthalmol. 89, 495–499 (1973)
Wirth, A., Stirpe, M.: The electroretinogram in thyroid dysfunction. Current topics in thyroid research. New York: Academic Press 1965 Zadunaisky, J.A., Lande, M.A., Chalfie, M., Neufeld, A.H.: Ion pumps in the cornea and its stimulation by epinephrine and cAMP. Exp. Eye Res. 15, 577–584 (1973)
Zimmerman, T., Kaufman, H.E.: Timolol. A beta-adrenergic blocking agent for the treatment of glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 601–605 (1977 a)
Zimmerman, T., Kaufman, H.E.: Timolol. Dose, response and duration of action. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95, 605–607 (1977 b)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kahán, Á. (1981). Miscellaneous Effects: Effects of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Eye. In: Szekeres, L. (eds) Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 54 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67584-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67584-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67586-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67584-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive