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Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors pp 597–650Cite as

Effect of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Electrical Activity of the Heart

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 54 / 1))

Abstract

The importance of the adrenergic system in the electrical activity of the heart can be briefly summarized by stating that the endogeneous catecholamines liberated by sympathetic excitation may substantially affect those electrophysiologic parameters of the heart which have been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of cardiac rate and rhythm and in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system as well as administration of catecholamines or other sympathomimetic agents closely resembling in structure the naturally occurring adrenergic activators may produce a variety of arrhythmias, from simple extrasystoles to lethal ventricular fibrillation. If the concentration of the adrenergic activators is high enough as in the case of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, or overdosage of these agents, this may alone account for their arrhythmogenic action. On the other hand sensitivity to catecholamines can also be increased as in hyperthyroidism or when some hydrocarbon anesthetics are applied. Sometimes other potentially arrhythmogenic situations such as hypoxia of the heart, local myocardial ischemia due to coronary occlusion, ionic changes, (e.g., hypo- or hyperpotassemia) and high level of free fatty acids may produce manifest arrhythmias, if the cardiac sympathetic tone is increased or adrenergic activators are given. Since the term “cardiac arrhythmia” denotes the irregular activity of the whole cardiac syncitium, none of the electrophysiologic effects alone, even the most impressing changes determined by intracellular recordings or membrane current measurements, can account directly for the arrhythmic action of the adrenergic activators.

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  1. L. Szekeres
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  2. J. Gy. Papp
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  1. Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical School of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary

    Lászlo Szekeres

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Szekeres, L., Papp, J.G. (1980). Effect of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Electrical Activity of the Heart. In: Szekeres, L. (eds) Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 54 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67505-8_17

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