Abstract
In view of a complication rate of at least 10%, standard percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was limited to patients with obstructive jaundice in whom early surgery was planned [3]. In 1974, Okuda and collaborators published their first results with a variation of PTC in which a needle, 15–17 cm long and only 0 7 mm in diameter, was used, which had been developed at the Chiba University in Japan (Fig. 1). The complication rate and mortality approached zero while the biliary duct system was visualized in over 90% of all cases, with a success rate as high as 67.5% in patients with nondilated ducts.
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References
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Rösch, W. (1980). Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography with the Chiba Needle. In: Frühmorgen, P., Classen, M. (eds) Endoscopy and Biopsy in Gastroenterology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67429-7_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67429-7_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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