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Zusammenfassung

DNS eukaryotischer Zellen gleicht strukturell der in prokaryotischen. Sie unterscheidet sich von ihr nur durch die Menge (auf das haploide Genom bezogen, s. Abb. 6.1), die Länge der Moleküle (Abb. 6.2 und 6.3) und die Anordnung spezifischer Nukleotidsequenzen. Die DNS ist in der Regel mit Proteinen assoziiert und bildet einen Nukleoproteinkomplex, das sog. Chromatin (mehr darüber s. Kap. 40). Das Escherichia coli-Genom enthält rund 2000 Strukturgene, wenn man davon ausgeht, daß jedes etwa 1500 Basenpaare lang ist. Das menschliche Genom müßte demnach 3 × 106 enthalten. Tatsächlich rechnet man aber nur mit rund 50 000 Genen, was wiederum heißt, daß größenordnungsmäßig nur etwa 2% der DNS als Träger genetischer Information benötigt wird. Selbst wenn man postuliert, daß die Gengröße bei Eukaryonten zehnmal größer als bei den Prokaryonten sei, wären erst 20% des haploiden Genoms mit Genkarten auszufüllen.

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© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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von Sengbusch, P. (1979). DNS in Eukaryonten. In: Molekular- und Zellbiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67358-0_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67358-0_6

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