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Pharmacology of Phospholipase A2 from Snake Venoms

  • Chapter
Snake Venoms

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 52))

Abstract

The effects of snake venom Ph on biologic systems have been studied with one of two major goals. In some cases there was the desire to see what the Ph of the venom contributed to the overall venom action, be that action hemolysis of red blood cells, blockade of the neuromuscular junction, inhibition of cytochrome oxidase, or any one of hundreds of other venom actions. In other experiments, snake venom Ph was used as a tool to help understand the phospholipid contribution to the structure or function of a particular membrane, tissue, or organ. In this Chapter, I shall draw upon the results obtained in both of these types of studies. It is not my purpose, however, to present an uncritical encyclopedic listing of all studies in which pharmacologic effects of snake venoms have been attributed to Ph. This would only add a “stamp of approval” to much data which is impossible to interpret or has been incorrectly interpreted by the authors. Rather, I shall place greater emphasis on the more recent studies using pure or at least purified preparations of Ph derived from snake venoms. The state of purity of the preparations used shall be commented upon since the significance of the data to this present Chapter can be evaluated only if the effects can unambiguously be related to Ph. Selected interesting older data shall, however, be mentioned, even if carried out with impure preparations of Ph, or crude venom, as long as there is reason to believe that the effects may be due to the Ph component of the venom.

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Abbreviations

Ph:

= phospholipase

PC:

= phosphatidylcholine

LPC:

= lysophosphatidylcholine; lysolecithin

PE:

= phosphatidylethanolamine

PI:

= phosphatidylinositol

PS:

= phosphatidylserine

ATPase:

= adenosinetriphosphatase

CTX:

= cardiotoxin; direct lytic factor

SRS:

= slow-reacting substance

A.:

= Agkistrodon

B.:

= Bitis

C.:

= Crotalus

E.:

= Enhydrina

H.:

= Hemachatus

L.:

= Laticauda

N.:

= Naja

O.:

= Oxyuranus

P.:

= Pseudechis

T.:

= Trimeresurus

V.:

= Vipera

A. piscivorus:

= cottonmouth moccasin

C. adamanteus:

= eastern diamondback rattlesnake

C. durissus terrificus:

= Brazilian rattlesnake

H. haemachatus:

= Ringhals cobra

N. naja:

= Indian cobra

N. naja atra:

= Formosan cobra

N. nigricollis:

= spitting cobra

Notechis scutatus scutatus:

= Australian tiger snake

P. porphyriacus:

= Australian black snake

V.russellii:

= Russell’s viper

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    Chen-Yuan Lee MD, Professor

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Rosenberg, P. (1979). Pharmacology of Phospholipase A2 from Snake Venoms. In: Lee, CY. (eds) Snake Venoms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 52. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66913-2_12

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