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Upper and Lower Extremities

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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of Head and Body

Abstract

The pattern of localized fat accumulation differs between males and females: in the male it is more commonly found over the breast and abdomen, whereas in the female it is more prominent on the inner aspect of the arm, the lateral thoracic wall and especially over the buttocks and thighs. Localized fat accumulation is very often related to disorders of fat metabolism and may be associated with exogenous obesity, in which case fatty deposition is widespread. In many cases there is a pathognomonic pattern of fat distribution suggestive of endocrine abnormality, such as hypothalamic obesity or that occurring in hypophyseal, suprarenal or ovarian disorders. In the majority of cases, however, no glandular dysfunction can be demonstrated: Lipo-dystrophy belongs to this group and although familial and racial pre-disposition are widely accepted, the aetiology of this condition is still unknown.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Rio de Janiero, Brazil

    Professor Ivo Pitanguy M.D., F.B.C.S., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S. (Membro Titular Academia Brasileira de Medicina, Professor of Plastic Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery Department)

  2. Santa Casa de Misericórdia General Hospital, Brazil

    Professor Ivo Pitanguy M.D., F.B.C.S., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S. (Membro Titular Academia Brasileira de Medicina, Professor of Plastic Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery Department)

  3. Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Rua Dona Mariana, 65, Botafogo, Rio de Janiero, Brazil

    Professor Ivo Pitanguy M.D., F.B.C.S., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S. (Membro Titular Academia Brasileira de Medicina, Professor of Plastic Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery Department)

Authors
  1. Professor Ivo Pitanguy M.D., F.B.C.S., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S.
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© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Pitanguy, I. (1981). Upper and Lower Extremities. In: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of Head and Body. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66910-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66910-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66912-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66910-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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