Abstract
No laboratory model using animals can be a perfect duplicate of a human disease. There are always differences of some kind. For a practical result to be achieved, however, such as finding a drug for clinical use, it is not required that the animal model should even remotely resemble the human disease in its superficial aspects. As examples, morphine can be assayed by the curling of a mouse’s tail; digitalis by the vomiting of a pigeon; anesthetics by the membrane resistance of isolated cells; and anti-epileptic drugs by antagonism of electroshock-induced convulsions. Practically, it does not matter whether one measures a side-effect in an assay rather than the desired effect, so long as these vary together in a known manner.
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Van Arman, C.G. (1979). Oedema and Increased Vascular Permeability. In: Vane, J.R., Ferreira, S.H. (eds) Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 50 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66891-3_3
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