Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Expression of RNA Tumor Viruses at Translation and Transcription Lebels

  • Chapter
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 79))

Abstract

RNA tumor viruses have been studied extensively in the last 15 years. Some of these viruses cause well-defined neoplasms, and a detailed study of viral infection may elucidate the process involved in malignant transformation. In addition, other RNA tumor viruses are transmitted as normal host cell genes and can be expressed during normal development and differentiation of the animal. Therefore these viruses also provide an interesting model system for studying the regulation and expression of normal cellular genes. Much of the regulation of expression for both exogenous and endogenous RNA tumor viruses occurs at the level of virus-specific protein and RNA synthesis, which is the subject of this review.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aaronson, S.A., Dunn, C.Y.: High frequency C-type virus induction by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Science 183, 422–424 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aaronson, S.A., Stephenson, J.R.: Differential cellular regulation of three distinct classes of type-C RNA viruses endogenous to mouse cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 1129–1137 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronson, S., Todaro, G.J., Scolnick, E.M.: Induction of murine C-type viruses from clonal lines of viruses-free BALB/3T3 cells. Science 174, 155–159 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronson, S.A., Anderson, G.R., Dunn, C.Y., Robbins, K.C.: Induction of type-C RNA virus by cycloheximide: increased expression of virus-specific RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 3941–3945 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abelev, G.I., Elgart, D.A.: Group-specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses in mice of low-leukemic strains. Int. J. Cancer 6, 145–152 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G.R., Robbins, K.C.: Rat sequences of the Kirsten and Harvey murine sarcoma virus genomes: nature, origin and expression in rat tumor RNA. J. Virol. 17, 335–351 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arcement, L.J., Karshin, W.L., Naso, R.B., Jamjoom, G., Arlinghaus, R.B.: Biosynthesis of Rauscher leukemia viral proteins: presence of p30 and envelope p15 sequences in precursor polyproteins. Virology 69, 763–774 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arlinghaus, R.B., Naso, R.B., Jamjoom, G.A., Arcement, L.J., Karshin, W.L.: Biosynthesis and processing of Rauscher leukemia viral precursor polyproteins. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • August, J.T., Bolognesi, D.P., Fleissner, E., Gilden, R.V., Nowinski, R.C.: A proposed nomenclature for the virion proteins of oncogenic RNA viruses. Virology 60, 595–601 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bader, J.P., Brown, N.R.: Induction of mutations in an RNA tumor virus by an analogue of a DNA precursor. Nature [New Biol] 234, 11–12 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore, D.: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumor viruses. Nature 226, 1209–1211 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore, D.: Tumor viruses: 1974. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 1187–1200 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore, D., McCaffrey, R., Smoler, D.: Properties of reverse transcriptase. In: Virus Research. New York: Academic Press (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbacid, M., Stephenson, J.R., Aaronson, S.: gag gene of mammalian type-C RNA tumor viruses. Nature 262, 554–559 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beemon, K.: Oligonucleotide fingerprinting with RNA tumor virus RNA. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beemon, K., Hunter, T.: In vitro translation yields a possible Rous sarcoma virus src gene product. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Benveniste, R.E., Todaro, G.J., Scolnick, E.M., Parks, W.P.: Partial transcription of murine type-C viral genomes in BALB/c cell lines. J. Virol. 12, 711–720 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besmer, P., Smotkin, D., Haseltine, W., Fan, H., Wilson, A.T., Paskind, M., Weinberg, R., Baltimore, D.: Mechanism of induction of RNA tumor viruses by halogenated pyrimidines. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 1103–1107 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Biquard, J.M., Vigier, P.: Characteristics of a conditional mutant of Rous sarcoma virus defective in ability to transform cells at high temperature. Virology 47, 444–455 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnstiel, M.L., Sells, B.H., Purdom, J.F.: Kinetic complexity of RNA molecules. J. Mol. Biol. 63, 21–39 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J.M., Deng, C.-T., Mahy, B.W.J., Quintrell, N., Stavneger, E., Varmus, H.E.: Synthesis of viral RNA in cells infected by avian sarcoma viruses. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswal, N., Benyesh-Melnick, M.: Complementary nuclear RNAs of murine sarcoma-leukemia virus complex in transformed cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 64, 1372–1379 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabradilla, C.D., Robbins, K.C., Aaronson, S.A.: Induction of mouse type-C virus by translational inhibitors: evidence for transcriptional derepression of a specific class of endogenous virus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 4541–4545 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhyay, S.E., Lowy, D.R., Teich, N.M., Levine, A.S., Rowe, W.P.: Qualitative and quantitative studies of AKR-type murine leukemia virus sequences in mouse DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 1085–1101 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J.H., Hanafusa, H.: Detection of a protein of avian leukoviruses in uninfected chick cells by radioimmunoassay. J. Virol. 13, 340–346 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J.H., Hayward, W.S., Hanafusa, H.: Avian tumor virus proteins and RNA in uninfected chicken embryo cells. J. Virol. 14, 1419–1429 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cioli, D., Lennox, E.S.: Immunoglobulin nascent chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. Biochem. 12, 3211–3217 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin, J.M., Temin, H.M.: Hybridization of Rous sarcoma virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase product and ribonucleic acids from chicken and rat cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus. J. Virol. 9, 766–775 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin, J.M., Parsons, J.T., Rymo, L., Haroz, R.K., Weissman, C.: A new approach to the isolation of RNA-DNA hybrids and its application to the quantitative determination of labeled tumor virus RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 86, 373–396 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, P.J., Weissmann, C.: Purification of globin messenger RNA from dimethylsulfoxide-induced Friend cells and detection of a putative globin messenger RNA precursor. J. Mol. Biol. 106, 1061–1075 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devillers-Thiery, A., Kindt, T., Scheele, G., Blobel, G.: Homology in amino-terminal sequence of precursors to pancreatic secretory proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 5016–5020 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, R.M., DiStefano, H.S.: Lack of relationship between infection with avian leukosis virus and presence of COFAL antigen in chick embryos. Virology 29, 586 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesberg, P.H., Vogt, P.K.: RNA species obtained from clonal lines of avian sarcoma and from avian leukosis virus. Virology 54, 207–219 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesberg, P.H., Wang, L.H., Beemon, K., Mellon, P., Vogt, P.K., Kawai, S., Hanafusa, H.: Deriving a genetic map of Rous sarcoma virus. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Famulari, N.G., Buckhagen, D.K., Klenk, H.D., Fleissner, E.: Presence of murine leukemia virus envelope proteins gp70 and p15(E) in a common polyprotein of infected cells. J. Virol. 20, 501–508 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H.: RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus: size analysis of nuclear pulse-labeled virus-specific RNA. Cell 11, 297–305 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H., Baltimore, D.: RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus: detection of virus-specific RNA sequences in infected and uninfected cells and identification of virus-specific messenger RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 80, 93–117 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H., Besmer, P.: RNA metabolism of murine leukemia viruses. II. Endogenous virus-specific RNA in the uninfected BALB/c cell line, JLS-V9. J. Virol. 15, 836–842 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H., Mueller-Lantzsch, N.: RNA metabolism of murine leukemia viruses. III. Identification and quantitation of endogenous virus-specific messenger RNA in the uninfected BALB/c cell line, JLS-V9. J. Virol. 18, 401–410 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, A.E., Fischinger, P. J.: Neucleotide sequences in mouse DNA and RNA specific for Moloney sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 3705–3709 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, A.E., Fischinger, P.J.: Rate of divergence of cellular sequences homologous to segments of Moloney sarcoma virus. J. Virol. 21, 153–160 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, A.E., Neubauer, R.L., Fischinger, P. J.: Fractionation of DNA nucleotide transcripts from Moloney sarcoma virus and isolation of sarcoma virus-specific complementary DNA. J. Virol. 18, 481–490 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garapin, A.-C., Varmus, H.E., Faras, A.J., Levinson, W.E., Bishop, J.M.: RNA-directed DNA synthesis by virions of Rous sarcoma virus: further characterization of the templates and the extent of their transcription. Virology 52, 264–274 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W., Verma, I.M.: Studies on the reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Structural relatedness of two subunits of avian RNA tumor viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 4991–4994 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gielkens, A.L.J., Salden, M.H.L., Bloemendal, H.: Virus-specific messenger RNA on free and membrane-bound polyribosomes from cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 1093–1097 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gielkens, K.A.L.J., van Zaane, D., Bloemers, H.P.J., Bloemendal, H.: Synthesis of Rauscher murine leukemia virus-specific polypeptides in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 356–360 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, D., Spiegelman, S.: A quantitative assay for DNA-RNA hybrids with DNA immobilized on a membrane. J. Mol. Biol. 12, 829–842 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, M., Baltimore, D.: The effect of HeLa cell cytoplasm on the rate of sedimentation of RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56, 999 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, M., Rokutarda, H., Rokutarda, M.: Virus-specific RNA in cells transformed by RNA tumor viruses. Nature [New Biol] 230, 229–232 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, M.S., Bolognesi, D.P., Lewandowski, L.J.: Isolation of the major viral glycoprotein and putative precursor from cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 2342–2346 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampar, B., Aaronson, S.A., Derge, J.G., Chakrabarty, M., Showalter, S.D., Dunn, C.Y.: Activation of an endogenous mouse type-C virus by ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 646–650 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa, T., Hanafusa, H., Miyamoto, T.: Recovery of a new virus from apparently normal chick cells by infection with avian tumor viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67, 1797–1803 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa, H., Aoki, T., Miyamoto, T., Wilsnack, R.E.: Presence of antigen common to avian tumor viral envelope antigen in normal chick embryo cells. Virology 56, 22–32 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafusa, H., Hanafusa, T., Kawai, S., Luginbuhl, R.E.: Genetic control of expression of endogenous virus genes in chicken cells. Virology 58, 439 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, W.S., Hanafusa, H.: Detection of avian tumor virus RNA in uninfected chicken embryo cells. J. Virol. 11, 157–167 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, W.S., Hanafusa, H.: Independent regulation of endogenous and exogenous avian RNA tumor virus genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2259–2263 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilgers, J., DeCleve, A., Galesloot, J., Kaplan, H.: Murine leukemia virus group-specific antigen expression in AKR mice. Cancer Res. 34, 2553–2561 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, R.J., Armstrong, D., Okuyan, M., Sarma, P.S., Turner, H.C.: Specific complement fixing viral antigens in hamster and guinea pig tumors induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of avian sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51, 741–750 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, R.J., Kelloff, G.J., Sarma, P.S., Lane, W.T., Turner, H.C., Gilden, R.V., Oroszlan, S., Meier, H., Myers, D.D., Peters, R.L.: Group-specific antigen expression during embryogenesis of the genome of the C-type RNA tumor virus: implications for autogenesis and oncogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67, 366–376 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, M.F., Baltimore, D.: Polypeptide cleavages in the formation of poliovirus proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61, 77–84 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaquet, M., Groner, Y., Monroy, J., Horwitz, J.: The in vitro synthesis of avian myeloblastosis viral RNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 3045–3049 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamjoom, G.A., Naso, R.B., Arlinghaus, R.B.: Further characterization of intracellular precursor polyproteins of Rauscher leukemia virus. Virology (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Joho, R.H., Stoll, E., Friis, R.R., Bille ter, M. A., Weissmann, C.: A partial genetic map of Rous sarcoma virus RNA: location of polymerase, envelope and transformation markers. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolicoeur, P., Baltimore, D.: Effect of Fv-1 gene product on synthesis of N-tropic and B-tropic murine leukemia viral RNA. Cell 7, 33–39 (1976 a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolicoeur, P., Baltimore, D.: Effect of Fv-1 gene product on proviral DNA formation and integration in cells infected with murine leukemia viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2236–2240 (1976b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, S., Hanafusa, H.: The effects of reciprocal changes in temperature on the transformed state of cells infected with a Rous sarcoma virus mutant. Virology 46, 470 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, I.M., Olshevsky, U., Lodish, H.F., Baltimore, D.: Translation of murine leukemia virus RNA in cell-free systems from animal cells. J. Virol. 18, 627–635 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, S.-P., Wood, T.G., Lingrel, J.B.: Purification of a putative precursor of globin messenger RNA from mouse nucleated erythroid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 178–182 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leong, J.A., Garapin, A.C., Jackson, N., Fanshier, L., Levinson, W.E., Bishop, J.M.: Virus-specific ribonucleic acid in cells producing Rous sarcoma virus: detection and characterization. J. Virol. 9, 891–902 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R., Wilson, C., Del Villano, B., McConahey, P., Dixon, F.: Endogenous oncomaviral gene expression in adult and fetal mice: quantitative, histologic, and physiologic studies of the major viral glycoprotein, gp70. J. Exp. Med. 143, 151–166 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J.G., Grimley, P.M., Ramseru, J.M., Berezesky, I.K.: Deficiency of 60 to 70S RNA in murine leukemia virus particles assembled in cells treated with actinomycin D.J. Virol. 14, 152–161 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, B.: Units of transcription and translation: the relationship between heterogeneous nuclear RNA and messenger RNA. Cell 4, 11–20 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindell, T.H., Weinberg, F., Morris, P.W., Roeder, R.G., Rutter, W.J.: Specific inhibition of nuclear RNA polymerase II by α-amanitin. Science 170, 447–449 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowy, D.R., Rowe, W.P., Teich, N., Hartley, J.W.: Murine leukemia virus: high-frequency activation in vitro by 5-iodeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Science 174, 155–156 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell, J.P., Garapin, A.C., Levinson, W.E., Qintrell, N., Fanshier, L., Bishop, J.M.: DNA polymerases of Rous sarcoma virus: delineation of two reactions with actinomycin. Nature 228, 433–435 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, G.S., Schimke, R.T.: Ovalbumin messenger RNA: Evidence that the initial product of transcription is the same size as polysomal ovalbumin messenger. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 4327–4331 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manly, K., Smoler, D.F., Bromfeld, E., Baltimore, D.: Forms of DNA produced by virions of the RNA tumor viruses. J. Virol. 7, 106–111 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J.S.: ‘Rous sarcoma virus: a function required for the transformed state’. Nature 227, 1021–1023 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, T.G., Lodish, H.F.: Site of synthesis of membrane and non-membrane proteins of VSV. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6955–6962 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Lantzsch, N., Fan, H.: Monospecific immunoprecipitation of murine leukemia virus polyribosomes: identification of p30 protein-specific messenger RNA. Cell 9, 579–588 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Lantzsch, N., Hatlen, L., Fan, H.: Immunoprecipitation of murine leukemia virus-specific polyribosomes: identification of virus-specific messenger RNA. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Naso, R.B., Arcement, L.J., Arlinghaus, R.B.: Biosynthesis of Rauscher leukemia viral proteins. Cell 4, 31–36 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naso, R.B., Arcement, L.J., Wood, T.G., Saunders, T.E., Arlinghaus, R.B.: The cell-free translation of Rauscher leukemia virus RNA into high molecular weight polypeptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 383, 195 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naso, R.B., Arcement, L.J., Karshin, W.L., Jamjoom, G.A., Arlinghaus, R.B.: A fucose-deficient glycoprotein precursor to Rauscher leukemia virus gp69/71. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2326–2330 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nermut, M.V., Frank, H., Schäfer, W.: Properties of mouse leukemia virus III. Electron microscopic appearance as revealed after conventional preparation techniques as well as freeze-drying and freeze-etching. Virology 49, 345–358 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panet, A., Baltimore, D., Hanafusa, T.: Quantitation of avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase by radioimmunoassay. J. Virol. 16, 146–152 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, W.P., Livingston, D.M., Todaro, G.J., Benveniste, R.E., Scolnick, E.M.: Radioimmunoassay of mammalian type-C viral proteins. III. Detection of viral antigen in normal murine cells and tissues. J. Exp. Med. 137, 622–635 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, J.T., Coffin, J.M., Harog, R.K., Bromley, R.K., Weissman, C.: Quantitative determination and location of newly synthesized virus-specific ribonucleic acid in chicken cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus. J. Virol. 11, 161–114 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawson, T., Martin, G.S., Smith, A.E.: Cell-free translation of virian RNA from nondefec-tive and transformation-defective Rous sarcoma viruses. J. Virol. 19, 950–967 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, L.N., Chubb, R.C.: Studies on the nature and genetic control of an antigen in normal chick embryos which reacts in the COFAL test. J. Gen. Virol. 3, 379–391 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelham, H.R.B., Jackson, R.J.: An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. Eur. J. Bioch. 67, 247–256 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolleston, F.S.: Membrane-bound and free ribosomes. Subcell Biochem. 3, 91–117 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, J.: A precursor of globin messenger RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 106, 403–420 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, W.P., Hartley, J.W., Lander, M.L., Pugh, W.E., Teich, N.: Noninfectious AKR mouse embryo cell lines in which each cell has the capacity to be activated to produce infectious murine leukemia virus. Virology 46, 866–876

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Burman, P., Klement, V.: Derivation of mouse sarcoma virus (Kirsten) by acquisition of genes from heterologous host. J. Gen. Virol. 28, 193–198 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rymo, L., Parsons, J.T., Coffin, J.M., Weissman, C.: In vitro synthesis of Rous sarcoma virus is catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 2782–2786 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salden, M.H.L., Bloemendal, H.: Translation of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA in a reticulocyte cell-free system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 68, 249–255 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salden, M.H.L., Gielkens, A.L.J., Bloemendal, H.: Translation of Rauscher leukemia virus RNA in heterologous cell-free systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 425, 208–219 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheele, C.M., Hanafusa, H.: Proteins of helper-dependent RSV. Virology 45, 401–410 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schincariol, A.L., Joklik, W.K.: Early synthesis of virus-specific RNA and DNA in cells rapidly transformed with Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 56, 532–548 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scolnick, E.M., Howk, R.S., Anisowicz, A., Peebles, P.T., Scher, C.D., Parks, W.P.: Separation of sarcoma virus-specific and leukemia virus-specific genetic sequences of Moloney sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4650–4654 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scolnick, E.M., Goldberg, R.J., Williams, D.: Characterization of rat genetic sequences of Kirsten sarcoma virus: distinct class of endogenous rat type-C viral sequences. J. Virol. 18, 559–566 (1976a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scolnick, E.M., Williams, D., Maryak, J., Vass, W., Goldberg, R.J., Parks, W.P.: Type-C particle-positive and type-C particle-negative rat cell lines: characterization of the coding capacity of endogenous sarcoma virus-specific mRNA. J. Virol. 20, 570–582 (1976b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefton, B.M.: Immediate glycosylation of Sindbis virus membrane proteins. Cell. 10, 659–668 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam, G., Vechio, J., Attradi, D., Green, M.: Immunological studies on viral polypeptide synthesis in cells replicating murine sarcoma-leukemia virus. J. Virol. 10, 447–455 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, D.J., Taylor, J.M., McKnight, J.S., Palacios, R., Gonzalez, C., Kiely, M.L., Schimke, R. T.: Isolation of hen oviduct ovalbumin and rat liver albumin polysomes by indirect immunoprecipitation. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 3665–3671 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.Z., Strand, M., August, J.T.: High molecular weight precursor polypeptides to structural proteins of Rauscher leukemia virus. J. Mol. Biol. 107, 459–477 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegert, W., Kornings, R., Bauer, H., Hof Schneider, P.E.: Translation of avian myeloblastosis virus in a cell-free lysate of E. coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 888–891 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stavnezer, E., Ringold, G., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M.: RNA complementary to the genome of RNA tumor viruses in virions and virus-producing cells. J. Virol. 20, 342–347 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehelein, D., Guntaka, R.V., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M.: Purification of DNA complementary to nucleotide sequences required for neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses. J. Mol. Biol. 101, 349–365 (1976a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stehelin, D., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M., Vogt, P.K.: DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature 260, 170–173 (1976 b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, J.R., Aaronson, S.A.: Expression of endogenous RNA C-type virus group-specific antigens in mammalian cells. J. Virol. 12, 564–569 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, J.R., Wilsnack, R.E., Aaronson, S.A.: Radioimmunoassay for avian C-type virus group-specific antigen: detection in normal and virus-transformed cells. J. Virol. 11, 893–899 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, J.R., Tronick, S.R., Reynolds, R.K., Aaronson, S.A.: Isolation and characterization of C-type viral gene products of virus-negative mouse cells. J. Exp. Med. 139, 427–438 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand, M., Lilly, F., August, J.T.: Genetic control of the expression of murine leukemia virus proteins in tissues of normal, young adult mice. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 1117–1122 (1974a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, M., Lilly, F., August, J.T.: Host control of endogenous murine leukemia virus expression: concentrations of viral proteins in high and low leukemia mouse strain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 3682–3686 (1974b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand, M., August, J.T., Jaenisch, R.: Oncornavirus gene expression during embryonal development of the mouse. Virology (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stromberg, K., Hurley, N.E., Davis, N.L., Rueckert, R.R., Fleissner, E.: Structural studies of avian myeloblastosis virus: comparison of polypeptides in virion and core component by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Virol. 13, 513–528 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sveda, M.M., Soeiro, R.: Host restriction of Fried leukemia virus: synthesis and integration of the provirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2356–2360 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temin, H.M., Mizutani, S.: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 226, 1211–1213 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchida, N., Gilden, R. V., Hatanaka, M.: Sarcoma-virus-related RNA sequences in normal rat cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 4503–4507 (1974b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchida, N., Robin, M.S., Green, M.: Viral RNA subunits in cells transformed by RNA tumor viruses. Science 176, 1418–1421 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchida, N., Shih, M., Gilden, R.V., Hatanaka, M.: Mutants of nonproducer cell lines transformed by murine sarcoma virus III. Detection and characterization of RNA specific for helper and sarcome viruses. J. Exp. Med. 140, 218–224 (1974a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zaane, D., Gielkens, A.L.J., Dekker-Michelsen, M J.A., Bloemers, H.P.J.: Virus-specific precursor polypeptides in cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus. Virology 67, 544–552 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Varmus, H.E., Guntaka, R.V., Deng, C.T., Bishop, J.M.: Synthesis, structure and function of avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA in permissive and nonpermissive cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39, 987–996 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Varmus, H.E., Stehelin, D., Spector, D., Tal, J., Fujita, D., Padgett, T., Roulland-Dussoix, D., Kung, H.-J., Bishop, J.M.: Distribution and function of defined regions of avian tumor virus genomes in viruses and uninfected cells. In: Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, I.: The reverse transcriptase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Cancer Rev.) 472, (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, P.: RNA tumor viruses. In: Comprehensive Virology. New York: Academic Press (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, V.M., Eisenman, R.: Identification of a large polypeptide precursor of avian oncornavirus proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 1734–1738 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, V.M., Eisenman, R., Diggelman, H.: Generation of avian myeloblastosis virus structural proteins by proteolytic cleavage of precursor polypeptide. J. Mol. Biol. 96, 471–493 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von der Helm, K., Duesberg, P.H.: Translation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA in a cell-free system from ascites Krebs II cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 614–718 (1975)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, R.A.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Cancer Rev.) (in press) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, R.A., Payne, L.N.: The hereditable nature of the factor in chicken cells which acts as a helper virus for Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 45, 508–515 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyke, J.: The selective isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. Virology 52, 587–590 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zybler, E.A., Penman, S.: Products of RNA polymerases in HeLa cell nuclei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 2861–2865 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tumor Virology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, P.O. Box 1809, San Diego, California, 92112, USA

    Hung Fan

Authors
  1. Hung Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basle, Switzerland

    W. Arber  & F. Melchers  & 

  2. Philadelphia, USA

    W. Henle , P. Koldovský  & H. Koprowski ,  & 

  3. Martinsried, Germany

    P. H. Hofschneider

  4. London, UK

    J. H. Humphrey

  5. Dallas, USA

    J. Klein

  6. Copenhagen, Denmark

    O. Maaløe

  7. Gießen, Germany

    R. Rott

  8. Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    H. G. Schweiger

  9. Prague, Czech Republic

    L. Syruček

  10. Los Angeles, USA

    P. K. Vogt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fan, H. (1978). Expression of RNA Tumor Viruses at Translation and Transcription Lebels. In: Arber, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 79. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66853-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66853-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66855-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66853-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation