Skip to main content

Actions on the Heart and Circulation

  • Chapter
Ergot Alkaloids and Related Compounds

Abstract

Numerous publications have confirmed Dale’s initial observation that the effect of ergotoxine on blood pressure in normotensive or spinal animals is universally pressor (Dale, 1906; Barger and Dale, 1907). The substance is considerably more potent than might appear from the experiments of early workers, who consistently used doses which must be regarded as toxic. A marked pressor effect can be obtained in the anesthetised cat with an intravenous dose as low as 50 μg/kg (Lands et al., 1950). Blood pressure increases in response to each of the components of ergotoxine (23, 24, 25, 26)* (Rothlin, 1946; Schlientz et al., 1968).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abel, F.L., Pierce, J.H., Guntheroth, W.G.: Baroreceptor influence on postural changes in blood pressure and carotid blood flow. Amer. J. Physiol. 205, 360–364 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abramson, D.I., Lichtman, S.S.: Influence of ergotamine tartrate upon peripheral blood flow in subjects with liver disease. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 37, 262–267 (1937)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abreu, B.E., Liddle, G.W., Handley, C.A., Elliott, H.W.: Preliminary observations on the influence of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on cerebral blood flow in the dog. Fed. Proc. 6, 304 (1947)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abreu, B.E., Liddle, G.W., Burks, A.L., Simon, A., Sutherland, V., Gordan, G.S.: Effects of amphetamine, dihydroergotamine and methadon on human cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake. Fed. Proc. 7, 201 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achari, G., Ahmad, M.: Antiarrhythmic activity of cyproheptadine and methysergide. Indian Heart J. 18, 4–16 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H.: Periphere Kreislaufwirkungen von Ergotamin, Dihydroergotamin und 1-Methylergotamin an der innervierten, perfundierten Hinterextremitat des Hundes. Helv. physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 25, 374–396 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H.: Venoconstrictor effect of dihydroergotamine in superficial hand veins. Europ. J. clin. Pharmacol. 7, 137–139 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H.: Venentonisierende Wirkung von Ergotalkaloiden, untersucht an oberflachlichen Handvenen in situ. Cardiology 61 (Suppl.), 302–308 (1976a)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H.: Influence of ergot compounds on compliance of superficial hand veins in man. Postgrad. med. J. 52 (Suppl. 1), 21–23 (1976b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H.: Clinical pharmacological experiments with pizotifen (Sanomigran®) on superficial hand veins in man. In: Current Concepts in Migraine Therapy. Green, R. (ed.), pp. 53–62. New York: Raven Press 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H., Berde, B.: Studies of the effect of natural and synthetic polypeptide type ergot compounds on a peripheral vascular bed. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 36, 561–570 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aellig, W.H., Nuesch, E.: Comparative pharmacokinetic investigations with tritium-labelled ergot alkaloids after oral and intravenous administration in man. Int. J. clin. Pharmac. 15, 106–112 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlquist, R.P.: A study of the adrenergic receptors. Amer. J. Physiol. 153, 586–599 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R.S.: The participation of the venomotor system in pressor reflexes. Circulat. Res. 2, 405–409 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C.R., Stutzman, J.W., Meek, W.J.: The production of ventricular tachycardia by adrenaline in cyclopropane anaesthesia. Anesthesiology 1, 158–166 (1940)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C.R., Stutzman, J.W., Slocum, H.C., Orth, O.S.: Protection from cyclopropane-epinephrine tachycardia by various drugs. Anesthesiology 2, 503–514 (1941)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altura, B.M.: Chemical and humoral regulation of blood flow through the precapillary sphincter. Microvasc. Res. 3, 361–384 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Amsler, C.: Über inverse Adrenalinwirkung. Arch. Physiol. 185, 86–92 (1920)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrus, E.C., Martin, L.E.: The action of the sympathetic upon the excitatory process in the mammalian heart. J. exp. Med. 14, 1017–1024 (1927)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, M.: Patterns of plasma free fatty acid and prostaglandin E1 changes in migraine and stress. Sixth Migraine Symposium. London, England, Sept., p. 4, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, M., Hinterberger, H., Lance, J.W.: Plasma serotonin in migraine and stress. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 16, 544–552 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antonaccio, M.J., Coté, D.: Centrally mediated antihypertensive and bradycardic effects of methysergide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 36, 451–454 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antonaccio, M.J., Kelly, E., Halley, J.: Centrally mediated hypotension and bradycardia by methysergide in anaesthetised dogs. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 33, 107–117 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antonaccio, M.J., Taylor, D.G.: Reduction in blood pressure, sympathetic nerve discharge and centrally evoked pressor responses by methysergide in anaesthetized cats. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 42, 331–338 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arcari, G., Dorigotti, L., Fregnan, G.B., Glässer, A.H.: Vasodilating and alpha-receptor blocking activity of a new ergoline derivative. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 34, 700P (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arcari, G., Bernardi, L., Bosisio, G., Coda, S., Fregnan, G.B., Glässer, A.H.: 10-Methoxyergoline derivatives as α-adrenergic blocking agents. Experientia (Basel) 28, 819–820 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariëns, E.J., Simonis, A.M.: Receptors and receptor mechanisms, in: Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents. Saxena, P.R., Forsyth, R.P. (eds.). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Aschke, J., Trieb, G., Nusser, E.: Die dynamische Labilitat der Blutdruckregulation und ihre therapeutische Beeinflussung. Munch. med. Wschr. 114, 97–102 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assali, N.S., Dasgupta, K., Kolin, A.: Measurement of uterine blood flow and uterine metabolism. VI. Effects of oxytocic, vasopressor and vasodepressor drugs on the blood flow to the postpartum uterus in unanaesthetised sheep. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 78, 313–321 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Athanasiou, D.J.: Die pharmakologische Beeinflussung des Valsalva-Versuches bei fortlaufender Blutdruckregistrierung. Z. klin. Med. 145, 340–345 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J., Brady, R.O., Witkop, B., Evarts, E.V.: Metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide. Nature (Lond.) 178, 143–144 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmann, K., Graf, N., Heynen, H.-P.: Regulationsstorungen des Kreislaufs und ihre Behandlung mit Dihydroergotamin. Fortschr. Med. 86, 535–537 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacq, Z.M., Brouha, L., Heymans, C.: Recherche sur la physiologie et la pharmacologic du système nerveux autonome. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 48, 429–456 (1934)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacq, Z.M., Bremer, F., Brouha, L., Heymans, C.: Reflexes vasomoteurs chez le chat sympathectomisé non anaesthésié. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 62, 460–473 (1939)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldy-Moulinier, M.: Influence de l’hydergine sur les variations physiologiques et pathologiques de debit sanguin du cortex cerebral. Path. et Biol. 16, 759–764 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bálint, G.: Effect on blood pressure of drug combinations containing phenothiazine derivatives and hydergine. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. hung. 26, 361–368 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baráth, E.: Untersuchungen über die Ergotaminwirkung bei Menschen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf seine klinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bei inneren Erkrankungen. Z. klin. Med. 104, 712–718 (1926)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbey, K., Brecht, K.: Venentonus, Venenkapazität und ihre Messung. Med. Welt 1, 727–732 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barcroft, H., Konzett, H., Swan, H.J.C.: Observations on the action of the hydrogenated alkaloids of the ergotoxine group on the circulation in man. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 112, 273–291 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barger, G., Dale, H.H.: Ergotoxine and some other constituents of ergot. Biochem. J. 2, 240–299 (1907)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, D.T.: Some features of the pharmacological actions of yohimbine and ergotamine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 55, 385–401 (1937)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann, D.P., Jerram, D.C., Seager, L.D.: Mechanism of bradycardia induced by hydrogenated ergot alkaloids. Fed. Proc. 13, 334–335 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Becattini, U., Cangi, G., Termini, F.: Azione dell’Hydergina sul flusso sanguigno degli arti inferiori. Settim. Med. 52, 703–707 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., Conway, E.L., Lang, W.J.: Ergometrine and apomorphine as selective antagonists of dopamine in the canine renal vasculature. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 52, 591–595 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., Conway, E.L., Lang, W.J., Padanyi, R.: Vascular dopamine receptors in the canine hindlimb. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 55, 167–172 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benfey, B.G., Kunos, G., Nickerson, M.: Dissociation of cardiac inotropic and adenylate cyclase activating adrenoceptors. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 51, 253–257 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, W.D., Dhuner, K.-G., Orth, O.S.: A comparison of the effectiveness of dihydroergotamine (DHE-45) and dihydroergocornine (DHO-180) in the prevention of cardiac irregularities during cyclopropane anesthesia. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 95, 287–292 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, A., Magnaes, B., Sandler, M., Sjaastad, O.: Prostaglandins and headache. Sixth Migraine Symposium, London, Sept., p12, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergenwald, L., Ecklund, B., Kaijser, L., Klingenström, P.: Haemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine during spinal anaesthesia in man. Acta anaesthesiol. scand. 16, 235–239 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, R. van den: L’influence de quelques medicaments usuels sur la vasomotricity carotidienne. Acta neurol. belg. 56, 459–475 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne, R.M.: Effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on coronary circulation. Circulat. Res. 6, 644–655 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernsmeier, A.: Die chemische Blockierung des adrenergischen Systems am Menschen. Acta neuroveg., Suppl. 5. Wien: Springer 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevegård, S., Castenfors, J., Lindblad, L.E.: Haemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine in patients with postural hypotension. Acta med. scand. 196, 473–477 (1974)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bianco, P.L. del, Fanciullacci, M., Franchi, G., Sicuteri, F.: Human 5-hydroxytryptamine venomotor receptors. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 7, 395–408 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Biber, B., Fara, J., Lundgren, O.: A pharmacological study of intestinal vasodilator mechanisms in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 90, 673–683 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bidart, Y., Maury, M.: Effets de la dihydroergotamine sur l’adaption vaso-motrice à l’orthostatisme chez les paraplégiques. Ann. Méd. phys. 17, 235–242 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bircher, R., Cerletti, A.: Pharmakodynamische Grundlagen der Therapie von Kreislaufstörungen mit den dihydroalkaloiden des Mutterkorns. Helv. med. Acta, Suppl. XXII, 13–26 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, W.D.: Some effects of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids on renal haemodynamics, water and electrolyte excretion in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 173, 337–344 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluntschli, H.J.: Über die Wirkung eines Ergot-Derivates (Dihydroergocornin) auf Blutdruck, Respiration und Elektrokardiogramm der Katze nach Querschnittsdurchtrennung des Rückenmarks im Bereich der Thoracal-Segmente. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 6, C50–C51 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluntschli, H.J., Goetz, R.H.: The effect of ergot derivatives on the circulation in man with special reference to two new hydrogenated compounds (dihydroergotamine and dihydroergocornine). Amer. Heart J. 35, 873–894 (1948)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluntschli, H.J., Eyband, M., Staub, H.: Über Blutdruckwirkungen von Angiotonin und hydrierten Ergotoxinderivaten (Dihydroergocornin, Hydergin) an der Katze. Helv. physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 7, 406–409 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bocci, U., Bignotti, N., Luzi, T.: L’azione normotensiva della diidroergotamina nelle alterazioni pressorie da psicofarmaci. Riv. sper. Freniat. 94, No. 2 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boer, J. de, Van Dongen, K.: Experiments with dihydroergotamine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 77, 434–441 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boismare, F., Derrey, D., Adisio, M., Brocheriou, J.: Hypotension posturale provoquée par les neuroleptiques: étude rhéographique de l’effet de correcteurs (néosynéphrine, dihydroergotamine et chlorhydrate d’heptaminol). Thérapie 29, 435–446 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boismare, F., Hacpille, L., Belliard, J.P.: Etude rhéographique des effets de la dihydroergotamine sur l’hemodynamique encéphalique et périphérique chez les sujets sains. Thérapie 30, 149–156 (1975a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boismare, F., Hacpille, L., Belliard, J., Colin, C.: Effects of dihydroergotamine on postural hypotension induced by levomepromazine. J. Pharmacol. (Paris) 6, 391–400 (1975b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bojanovsky, J., Toelle, R.: Dihydroergotamin gegen die Kreislaufwirkungen der Thymoleptika. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 99, 1064–1069 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouckaert, J.J., Grimson, K.S., Heymans, C., Samaan, A.: Sur la méchanisme de l’influence de l’hypoxémie sur la respiration et la circulation. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 65, 63–100 (1941)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broghammer, H., Takagi, K., Schaefer, H.: Die Wirkung von Lysergsäure-Diäthylamid (LSD) und Urethan auf die Tätigkeit eines sympathischen Ganglions. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 230, 358–366 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooke, O.G., Robinson, B.F.: Effect of ergotamine and ergometrine on forearm venous compliance in man. Brit. med. J. 1, 139–142 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, G.A., Jordan, C.C.: Temperature modulation of α-and β-adrenoceptors in the isolated frog heart. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 38, 394–398 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buñag, R.D., Walaszek, E.J.: Blockade of depressor responses to serotonin and tryptamine by lysergic acid derivatives in the chicken. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 135, 142–151 (1962)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buttermann, G., Hör, G., Pabst, H.W.: Progress in prevention of postoperative thromboembolism — a controlled clinical trial using radio-fibrinogen-uptake-test and lung-perfusion-scan. 4th Mediterranean congress on thromboembolism. Athens, Greece, May 2–6, Abstr. 25 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttermann, G., Theisinger, W., Oechsler, H., Hör, G.: Untersuchungen über die postoperative Thromboembolieprophylaxe nach einem neuen medikamentösen Behandlungsprinzip. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 41, 2065–2069 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairoli, V., Reilly, J., Ito, R., Roberts, J.: The relation of the digitalis-induced arrhythmia to catecholamine release. Fed. Proc. 21, 127 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Capps, R.T., Suckle, H.M., Orth, O.S.: A comparison of protective action of the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids to cyclopropane-epinephrine ventricular tachycardia. Amer. J. Physiol. 163, 702–703 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L.A., Ekelund, L.G., Oro, L.: Clinical and metabolic effects of different doses of prostaglandin E in man. Acta med. scand. 183, 423–430 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpi, A., Virno, M.: The action of ergotamine on the intracranial venous pressure and on the cerebral venous outflow of the dog. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 12, 232–239 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, P.R., Ebeling, P.W., Glover, W.E.: The responses of the human temporal and rabbit ear artery to 5-hydroxytryptamine and some of its antagonists. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 52, 813–823 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castenfors, J., Lindblad, L.E., Mortasawi, A.: Effect of dihydroergotamine on peripheral circulation during epidural anaesthesia in man. Acta anaesth. scand. 19, 79–84 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A.: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and related compounds. Neuropharmacology: Trans. 2nd Conf. Princeton, 1955. Abramson, H.A. (ed.), pp. 9–84. Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation 1956

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A.: Gynaecologia (Basel) 128, 452–453 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A., Berde, B.: New approaches in the development of compounds from ergot with potential therapeutic use in migraine. In: Background to migraine. 2nd migraine symposium. Smith, R. (ed.), pp. 53–65, London 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A., Doepfner, W.: Comparative study on the serotonin antagonism of amide derivatives of lysergic acid and of ergot alkaloids. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 122, 124–136 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerletti, A., Rothlin, E.: Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mental diseases and its antagonism to lysergic acid derivatives. Nature (Lond.) 176, 785–786 (1955)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervoni, P., Bertino, J.R., Geiger, L.E.: Medullary vagal effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide in the decerebrate cat. Nature (Lond.) 199, 700–701 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, J.P.: Brain amines and models of experimental hypertension. Circulat. Res. 36, 469–480 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapuis, J.P.: Migraines, céphalées et sympathicolyptiques. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 78, 1125–1126 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chong, G.C., Phillis, J.W.: Pharmacological studies on the heart of Tapes Watlingi: A mollusc of the family veneridae. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 25, 481–496 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, D., Hool-Zulauf, B.: Studies on the reserpine-induced potentiation of the peripheral vascular effect of DHE in cats. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 287, R22 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, D., Stürmer, E.: Studies on the mechanism of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the vascular bed of cat skeletal muscle. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 48, 331P–332P (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, D., Owen, D.A.A., Stürmer, E.: Effects of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on the resistance and capacitance vessels of skin and skeletal muscle in the cat. Postgrad. med. J. 52 (Suppl. 1), 32–36 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B.J.: Dopamine receptor stimulants in hypertension. Acta med. scand. Suppl. 606, 95–99 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B.J., Scholtysik, G., Flückiger, E.: Cardiovascular actions of bromocriptine. In: The dopamine agonist, Bromocriptine. Hokfelt, B., Nillius, S.J. (eds.). Acta endocr. (Kbh.) Suppl. (1978) in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobbold, A., Folkow, B., Kjellmer, I., Mellander, S.: Nervous and local chemical control of pre-capillary sphincters in skeletal muscle as measured by changes in filtration coefficient. Acta physiol. scand. 57, 180–192 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corrodi, H., Fuxe, K., Hokfelt, T., Lidbrink, P., Ungerstedt, U.: Effect of ergot drugs on central catecholamine neurons: evidence for a stimulation of central dopamine neurons. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 25, 409–412 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corsi, V., Dohrn, P.: Ergotamina e attività reflessogena senocarotidea (Nota I: Attività sinusale alia compressione nei normotesi). Boll. Soc. med.-chir. Catania 14, 245–250 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsi, V.: Contributo di recerche cliniche ed elettrocardiografiche sull’ ipertensione da noradrenalina. G. Med. Tisiol. 1, 21 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotten, M. de V., Walton, R.P.: Dibenamine blockade as a method of distinguishing between inotropic actions of epinephrine and digitalis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 78, 810–815 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotten, M. de V., Moran, N.C., Stopp, P.E.: A comparison of the effectiveness of adrenergic blocking drugs in inhibiting the cardiac actions of sympathomimetic amines. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 121, 183–190 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, W.M.: Localised headache associated with lesion of meningeal vessels. J. Amer. med. Ass. 100, 816 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosley, A.P., Cummins, A.J., Barker, H.G., Clark, J.K.: The renal hemodynamic effects of dihydroergocornine (DHO-180) in man. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 98, 138–143 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curran, D.A., Hinterberger, H., Lance, J.W.: Total plasma serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and p-hydroxy-m-methoxymandelic acid excretion in normal and migrainous subjects. Brain 88, 997–1010 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curran, D.A., Hinterberger, H., Lance, J.W.: Methysergide. Res. Clin. Stud. Headache 1, 77–122. Basel-New York: Karger 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Curzon, G., Theaker, P., Phillips, B.: Excretion of 5-hydroxyindolyl acetic acid (5HIAA) in migraine. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 29, 85 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, H.H.: On some physiological actions of ergot. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 34, 163–206 (1906)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, H.H., Spiro, K.: Die wirksamen Alkaloide des Mutterkorns. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 95, 337–350 (1922)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalessio, D.J.: Recent experimental studies on headache. Neurology (Minneap.) 13, 7–10 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalessio, D.J., Camp, W.A., Goodell, H., Wolff, H.G.: Studies on headache. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 4, 235–240 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David, N.A., Kirchof, A.C.: Studies on d-lysergic acid and hydrobutylamide-(2) (methergine). Schweiz. med. Wschr. 77, 13–17 (1947)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M.E., Adair, F.L., Chen, K.K., Swanson, E.E.: The pharmacologic action of ergotocin, a new ergot principle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 54, 398–407 (1935)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W.G., McDonald, D.C., Mason, D.F.J.: The effects of pronethalol and propranolol on the coronary circulation of the dog. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 37, 338–356 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delaunois, A.L., Martini, L.: Adrenolytic drugs and action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on carotid sinus wall and blood pressure. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 94, 430–438 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delius, L., Hammerschmidt, D., Odenthal, F.: Klinisch-experimentelle Untersuchungen über die kreislaufdynamischen Wirkungen der dihydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide. Klin. Wschr. 27, 33–34 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, E., Markoff, T.: Mitteilungen zur Nierenclearance. Klin. Med. 8, 105–115 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickerson, D.G.: The surgical relief of the headache in migraine. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 77, 42 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Doepfner, W., Cerletti, A.: Comparison of lysergic acid derivatives and antihistamines as inhibitors of the edema provoked in the rat’s paw by serotonin. Int. Arch. Allergy 12, 89–97 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drew, G.M.: Effects of α-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on pre-and postsynaptically located α-adrenoceptors. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 36, 313–320 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Silva, J.L.: Action of adrenaline-like substances on the serum potassium. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 108, 218–225 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubocovich, M.L., Langer, S.Z.: Negative feedback regulation of noradrenaline release by nerve stimulation in the perfused cat’s spleen: differences in potency of phenoxybenzamine in blocking the pre-and post-synaptic adrenergic receptors. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 237, 505–519 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dukes, H.T., Vieth, R.G.: Cerebral arteriography during migraine prodrome and headache. Neurology (Minneap.) 14, 636–639 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumke, P.R., Schmidt, C.F.: Quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow in the macaque monkey. Amer. J. Physiol. 138, 421–431 (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunér, H., Granath, A., Klingenström, P.: The effect of ergotamine on blood pressure and cardiac output during spinal anaesthesia in man. Acta anaesthesiol. scand. 4, 5–11 (1960)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duret, R.-L.: Action des dérivés d-hydrogénés de l’ergot dans hypertension artérielle. Acta clin. belg. 6, 85–106 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eben-Moussi, E., Allain, P., Van den Driessche, J.: Hydergine et troubles du rythme cardiaque provoqués par la K-strophantine. Thérapie 21, 375–378 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Echt, M., Lange, L.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die Wirkung venentonisierender Pharmaka auf das Niederdrucksystem des Menschen. In: Das Orthostasesyndrom. 5. Rothenburger Gespräch 25./26.5.73. Dengler, H.J. (ed.), pp. 109–123. Stuttgart-New York: Schattauer 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehringer, H.: Zur Wirkung von reinem Dihydroergocristin auf Extremitätendurchblutung und periphere Venentonisierung des Menschen. Int. J. clin. Pharmacol. Biopharm. 3, 81–86 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elek, S.R., Hoffman, I., Griffith, G.C., Leik, D.W.: The cardiac effects of dihydroergocornine (DHO-180). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 100, 249–264 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson, S., Folkow, B., Lindgren, P., Uvnäs, B.: Activation of sympathetic vasodilator nerves to the skeletal muscles in the cat by hypothalamic stimulation. Acta physiol. scand. 23, 333–351 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson, S., Lindgren, P., Uvnäs, B.,: Representation in the hypothalamus and the motor cortex in the dog of the sympathetic vasodilator outflow to the skeletal muscles. Acta physiol. scand. 27, 18–37 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elkind, A.H., Friedman, A.P., Grossman, I.: Cutaneous blood flow in vascular headaches of the migraine type. Neurology (Minneap.) 14, 24–30 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enero, M.A., Langer, S.Z.: Inhibition by dopamine of 3H-noradrenaline release elicited by nerve stimulation in the isolated cat’s nictitating membrane. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 289, 179–203 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erlij, D., Mendez, C.: Adrenergic actions on heart rate, atrioventricular refractory period and intraventricular conduction in dogs. Arch. int. Physiol. Biochim. 72, 44–65 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erlij, D., Cefrangolo, R., Valadez, R.: Adrenotropic receptors in the frog. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 149, 65–70 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U.S. v., Hesser, C.M.: Beobachtungen über Hemmungen der Sinusdruckreflexe durch Ergotamin, Dihydroergotamin und Hyperventilation. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 77, 20–21 (1947)

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U.S. v., Liljestrand, G.: The role of the chemoreceptors of the sinus region for the occlusion test in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 6, 319–323 (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U.S. v., Liljestrand, G.: The regulation of the blood pressure with special reference to muscular work. Acta physiol. scand. 12, 279–300 (1946)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U.S. v., Schmiterlow, C.G.: The action of ergotamine on the chemical and mechanical reflexes from the carotid sinus region. Acta physiol. scand. 8, 122–133 (1944)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyzaguirre, C., Lewin, J.: Chemoreceptor activity of the carotid body of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 159, 222–237 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahim, I., Botros, M., Merhom, K., Saad, Y.: The central hypotensive effects of ergotamine and its possible mechanism. Ain Shams Med. 25, 355–357 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanchamps, A., Doepfner, W., Weidmann, H., Cerletti, A.: Pharmakologische Charakterisierung von Deseril, einem Serotonin-Antagonisten. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 90, 1040–1046 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanciullacci, M., Granchi, G., Sicuteri, F.: Ergotamine and methysergide as serotonin partial agonists in migraine. Headache 16, 226–231 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farnebo, L.O., Hamberger, B.: Drug-induced changes in the release of (3H)-noradrenaline from field stimulated rat iris. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 43, 97–106 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fay, T.: Mechanism of headache. Trans. Amer. neurol. Ass. 62, 74–77 (1936)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fehr, T., Stütz, P., Stadler, P.A., Hummel, R., Salzmann, R.: Antihypertensiv wirksame Harnstoffderivate des 8β-aminomethyl-6-methyl-ergolens. Europ. J. Med. Chem. 9, 597–601 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, S.H.: Prostaglandins, aspirin-like drugs and analgesia. Nature New Biol. 240, 200–203 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fey, K.H., Herzfeld, U., Saggau, W., Oehlschläger, M.: Postoperative Thromboprophylaxe durch Tonisierung des kaudalen Venensystems. Med. Klin. 70, 1553–1558 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, W.J.: Methergine: a study of its effect on blood pressure. Obstet. and gynec. 8, 167–169 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fog-Møller, F., Kemp-Genefke, I., Bryndum, B.: Changes in concentration of catecholamines in blood during spontaneous migraine attacks and reserpine-induced attacks. The Migraine Trust International Symposium, London, p. 10 (16–17 Sept. 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B.: Nervous control of blood vessels. Physiol. Rev. 35, 629–663 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B., Uvnäs, B.: Do adrenergic vasodilator nerves exist? Acta physiol. scand. 20, 329–337 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, R.H., Goldsmith, R., Kidd, D.J., Lewis, G.P.: Bradykinin as a vasodilator in man. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 157, 589–602 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, H.: Die pharmakologische Beeinflussung der kardialen Form des hypersensitiven Carotissinus-Syndroms durch hydrierte Mutterkornalkaloide. Z. exp. Med. 116, 463–477 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freis, E.D., Stanton, J.R., Litter, J., Culbertson, J.W., Halperin, M.H., Moister, F.C., Wilkins, R.W.: The hemodynamic effects of hypotensive drugs in man. II. Dihydroergocornine. J. clin. Invest. 28, 1387–1402 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freis, E.D., Stanton, J.R., Finnerty, F.A., Schnaper, H.W., Johnson, R.L., Rath, C.E., Wilkins, R.W.: The collapse produced by venous congestion of the extremities or by venesection following certain hypotensive agents. J. clin. Invest. 30, 435–444 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freudiger, A., Rothlin, E.: Ueber die Wirkung der naturlichen und dihydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide auf das isolierte Froschherz. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 445–455 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M.D., Friedman, D.A.: Dihydroergotamine (DHE-45) in the treatment of migraine: Preliminary clinical observations. Ohio med. J. 41, 1099–1100 (1945)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaddum, J.H., Paasonen, M.K.: The use of some molluscan hearts for the estimation of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 10, 474–483 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganter, G.: Ueber die Ausschaltung des vegetativen Nervensystems am Kreislauf. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 113, 129–150 (1926)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatzek, H., Matthies, K., Mechelke, K.: Untersuchungen uber das Wirkungsbild der Mutterkornalkaloide Ergotamin, Dihydroergotamin und Dihydroergocornin am gesunden Menschen. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 207, 720–730 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gernandt, B., Zotterman, Y.: The splanchnic efferent outflow of impulses in the light of ergotamine action. Acta physiol. scand. 11, 301–317 (1946)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gernandt, B., Liljestrand, G., Zotterman, Y.: Efferent impulses in the splanchnic nerve. Acta physiol. scand. 11, 230–247 (1946)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillis, R.A.: Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity: changes induced by ouabain and propranolol. Science 166, 508–510 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillis, R.A., Dionne, R.A., Standaert, F.G.: Suppression by clonidine (St-155) of cardiac arrhythmias induced by digitalis. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 182, 218–226 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginzel, K.H.: The effect of (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide and other drugs on the carotid sinus reflex. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 13, 250–259 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginzel, K.H., Kottegoda, S.R.: A study of the vascular actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 38, 225–231 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glasser, A.: Some pharmacological actions of d-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide. Nature (Lond.) 189, 313–314 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, R.H.: The action of dihydroergocornine on the circulation with special reference to hypertension. Lancet I, 510–514 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, R.H.: The effect of intra-arterial injections of Hydergine and dihydroergocornine on the peripheral circulation in man. Circulation 13, 63–74 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, R.H., Katz, A.: The adrenolytic action of dihydroergocornine in man. Lancet 256, 560–563 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, L.I.: Cardiovascular and renal actions of dopamine: potential clinical applications. Pharmacol. Rev. 24, 1–29 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, H., Fischer, R., Nicolov, N., Murphy, S.: Lysergic acid diethylamide affects blood flow to specific areas of the conscious rat brain. Experientia (Basel) 31, 328–330 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottstein, U., Niedermauer, W., Bernsmeier, A.: Die Gehirndurchblutung unter dem Einfluß vasoaktiver Substanzen. Z. ges. exp. Med. 131, 430–439 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govier, W.C.: Myocardial alpha adrenergic receptors and their role in the production of a positive inotropic effect by sympathomimetic agents. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 159, 82–90 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govier, W.C., Mosal, N.C., Whittington, P., Broom, A.H.: Myocardial alpha and beta adrenergic receptors as demonstrated by atrial functional refractory period changes. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 154, 255–263 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.R., Wolff, H.G.: Mechanism of migraine headache and action of ergotamine tartrate. Proc. Ass. Res. nerv. ment. Dis. 18, 638–669 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.D.P., Khalidi, A.I.: The actions of d-lysergic acid diethylamide. J. Fac. Med. Baghdad 18, 1–10 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenacre, J.K., Teychenne, P.F., Petrie, A., Calne, D.B., Leigh, P.N., Reid, J.L.: The cardiovascular effects of bromocriptine in parkinsonism. Brit. J. clin. Pharmacol. 3, 571–574 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M.J.: Structure-activity relationship of tryptamine analogues on the heart of Venus mercenaria. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 15, 375–388 (1960a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M.J.: The response of the Venus heart to catecholamines and high concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 15, 365–374 (1960b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guimarães, S., Osswald, W.: Adrenergic receptors in the veins of the dog. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 5, 133–140 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guyton, A.C.: Textbook of medical physiology. 2nd ed., pp. 398–400. Philadelphia-London: W.B. Saunders Co. 1961

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyermek, L., Sztanyik, L., Lang, E.: The adrenolytic and sympathicolytic efficiency of ergot alkaloids. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. hung. 1, 65–74 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddy, F.J., Gordon, P., Emanuel, D.A.: The influence of tone upon responses of small and large vessels to serotonin. Circulat. Res. 7, 123–130 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafkenschiel, J.H., Crumpton, C.W., Moyer, J.H.: The effect of intramuscular dihydroergocornine on the cerebral circulation in normotensive patients. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 98, 144–146 (1950a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafkenschiel, J.H., Crumpton, C.W., Moyer, J.H., Jeffers, W.A., Hanley, B.F., Harned, S.C.: The effects of dihydroergocornine on the cerebral circulation of patients with essential hypertension. J. clin. Invest. 29, 408–411 (1950b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, T.J., McCormick, W.G.: Effect of ergotamine and hydergine on muscle blood flow in the dog. Fed. Proc. 14, 348–349 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haley, T.J., McCormick, W.G.: Comparison of the effect of ergotamine and hydergine on muscle and skin blood flow in the anaesthetised dog. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 117, 406–413 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, T.J., Andem, M.R., Liebig, C.: Comparison between capillary effects produced by topical application and intravenous injection of ergot alkaloids. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 98, 373–378 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halmágyi, D.F.J., Colebatch, H.J.H.: Serotonin-like cardiorespiratory effects of a serotonin antagonist. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 134, 47–52 (1961)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmágyi, B., Felkai, J., Ivanyi, J., Hetényi, J.Jr.: The role of the nervous system in the maintainance of venous hypertension in heart failure. Brit. Heart J. 14, 101–111 (1952)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmágyi, D., Iványi, J., Felkai, B., Zsótér, T. Tényi, M., Szücs, Z.: The effect of dihydroergotamine and Hydergin on pulmonary arterial pressure in man. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 5, 85–89 (1953)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammerschmidt, D., Odenthal, F.: Ueber die Wirkung der hydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide auf den arteriellen und venösen Blutdruck. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 39, 150–160 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handley, C.A., Moyer, J.H.: Changes in sodium and water excretion produced by vaso-active and by ganglionic and adrenergic blocking agents. Amer. J. Physiol. 178, 309–314 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harich, B.K.S., Nissen, H., Stauch, M.: Die Alpha-Sympathikolyse im arteriellen und venösen Kreislaufschenkel nach Hyderginê. Herz/Kreisl. 7, 194–198 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmel, M.H., Hafkenschiel, J.H., Austin, G.M., Crumpton, C.W., Kety, S.S.: The effect of bilateral stellate ganglion block on the cerebral circulation in normotensive and hypertensive patients. J. clin. Invest. 28, 415–418 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harri, M.N.E.: Temperature-dependent sensitivity of adrenoceptors in the toad heart. Acta Pharmacol. toxicol. (Kbh.) 33, 273–279 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A.S.: Delayed development of ventricular ectopic rhythms following experimental coronary occlusion. Circulation 1, 1318–1328 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A.S., Bisteni, A.: Effects of sympathetic blockade drugs on ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial infarction. Amer. J. Physiol. 181, 559–566 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A.S., Estandia, A., Tillotson, R.F.: Ventricular ectopic rhythms and ventricular fibrillation following cardiac sympathectomy and coronary occlusion. Amer. J. Physiol. 165, 505–512 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A.S., Bisteni, A., Russell, R.A., Brigham, J.C., Firestone, J.E.: Excitatory factors in ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial ischaemia. Potassium a major excitant. Science 119, 200–203 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, P., Bishop, J.M., Segel, N.: The effects of dihydroergotamine tartrate on the pulmonary and systemic circulations in man. Clin. Sci. molec. Med. 25, 443–447 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, M.M.: Parenteral use of dihydroergotamine in migraine. Ann. Allergy 3, 440–442 (1945)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, S.C., Nickerson, M.: Adrenergic inhibitory function in the rabbit: epinephrine reversal and isopropylnorepinephrine vasodepression. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 108, 281–291 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, S.C., Wang, C.Y., Nickerson, M.: Blockade of epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 104, 363–376 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, S.C., Copen, E.G., Eskelson, D.W., Graff, S.R., Poulsen, L.D., Rasmussen, D.L.: Autonomic pharmacology of the chicken with particular reference to adrenergic blockade. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 112, 8–22 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazard, R., Beauvallet, M., Giudicelli, R., Mouillé, P., Renier-Cornec, A.: Modifications apportées par divers adrénalinotoniques et adrénalinoverseurs aux effect tensionnels de l’isoprénaline (Aleudrineê) chez le chat. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn 143, 331–336 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heck, J.: Dihydroergotamin bei orthostatischer Dysregulation. Med. Klin. 66, 601–604 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heimdal, À., Nordenfelt, O.: The effect of Hydergine on the electrocardiogram. Cardiologia (Basel) 23, 361–372 (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, A.: Hypotensive action by central a-adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor stimulation. In: New antihypertensive drugs. Scriabine, A., Sweet, C.S. (eds.), New York: Spectrum Publications, Inc. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Helke, C.J., Souza, J.D., Hamilton, B.L., Morgenroth, V.H., Gillis, R.A.: Evidence for a role of central serotonergic neurones in digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Nature (Lond.) 263, 246–248 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herwick, R.P., Linegar, C.R., Koppanyi, T.: The effect of anaesthesia on the vasomotor reversal. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 65, 185–190 (1939)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyck, H.: Neue Beiträge zur Klinik und Pathogenese der Migräne, pp. 28–37, Stuttgart: Thieme 1956

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyck, H.: Serotoninantagonisten in der Behandlung der Migräne und der Erythroprosopalgie Bings oder des Horton-Syndroms. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 90, 203–209 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyck, H.: Pathogenesis of migraine. Res. Clin. Stud. Headache 2, 1–28, Basel: Karger 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Bouckaert, J.J.: Au sujet de l’action vasomotrice et vasculaire de l’ergotamine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn 46, 129–136 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Heuvel-Heymans, G. van den: Action of drugs on arterial wall of carotid sinus and blood pressure. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 83, 520–528 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Neil, E.: Reflexogenic areas of the cardiovascular system. London: J. and A. Churchill Ltd. 1958

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Regniers, P.: Sur l’action vasculaire et sympathique de l’ergotamine et de l’ergotinine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 33, 236–249 (1927)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Regniers, P.: Influence de l’ergotamine sur les réflexes cardio-vasculaires du sinus carotidien. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 36, 116–121 (1929)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Regniers, P., Bouckaert, J.J.: Ergotamine et réflexes vasomoteurs. La localisation de l’action de l’ergotamine sur les réflexes vasomoteurs du sinus carotidien. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 39, 213–224 (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Bouckaert, J.J., Dautrebande, L.: Sinus carotidien et refléxes respiratoirs. III Sensibilité des sinus carotidiens aux substances chimiques. Action stimulant respiratoire réflexe du sulfure de sodium, du cyanure de potassium de la nicotine et de la lobéline. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 40, 54–91 (1931)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Bouckaert, J.J., Moraes, A.: Inversion par l’ergotamine de l’action vasoconstrictice des ‚vasotonines ‘du sang défibriné. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 43, 468–479 (1932a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Bouckaert, J.J., Euler, U.S. v., Dautrebande, L.: Sinus carotidiens et reflexes vasomoteurs. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 43, 86–110 (1932b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Fuxe, K.: On the morphology and the neuroendocrine role of the hypothalamic catecholamine neurons. In: Brain Endocrine Interaction. Knigge, K.M., Scott, D.E., Weindl, A. (eds.), pp. 181–223, Basel: S. Karger 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Hör, G., Buttermann, G., Theisinger, W., Pabst, H.W.: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism by various treatments. Controlled clinical trial in 632 patients using 125I-fibrinogen-uptake-test and lung-perfusion-scans in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Europ. J. nucl. Med. 1, 197–203 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, A.: Ergot — a rich source of pharmacologically active substances. In: Plants in the development of modern medicine. Swain, T. (ed.), pp. 235–260, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, B.T., Peters, G.A., Blumenthal, L.S.: A new product in the treatment of migraine: a preliminary report. Proc. Mayo Clin. 20, 241–248 (1945)

    Google Scholar 

  • Immerwahr, P.: Über die Wirkung des Ergotamin auf Puis, Blutdruck und Blutzucker und ihre Beeinflussung durch Atropin. Med. Klin. 23, 1–3 (1927)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, D.H.: Discussion of Professor Marshall’s paper: The regulation of cerebral blood flow; its relationship to migraine. Arch. Neurobiol. 37, (Extranr.), 21–25 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, D.H.: Pain in the brain and migraine. Hemicrania 7, 2–6 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, D.H., Söderberg, U.: The effect of LSD-25 upon the cerebral blood flow and EEG in cats. Experientia (Basel) 12, 427–429 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, I.R.: Identification of the smooth muscle excitatory receptors for ergot alkaloids. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 19, 120–128 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, H.: Comparison of the reactions induced by psilocybin and LSD-25 in man. Psychopharmacologia 1, 29–38 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A.M., Loew, D.M., Vigouret, J.M.: Central dopaminergic stimulant properties of bromocriptine in comparison to apomorphine, d-amphetamine and L-DOPA. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 56, 59–68 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kangasniemi, P., Sonninen, V., Rinne, U.K.: Excretion of free and conjugated 5-HIAA and VMA in urine and concentration of 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF during migraine attacks and free intervals. Headache 12, 62–65 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kappert, A.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkungen neuer dihydrierter Mutterkornalkaloide bei peripheren Durchblutungsstörungen und Hypertonie. Helv. med. Acta, Suppl. 22, 27–64 (1949a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappert, A.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkungen neuer dihydrierter Mutterkornalkaloide bei peripheren Durchblutungsstörungen und Hypertonie. Helv. med. Acta, Suppl. 22, 95–126 (1949b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappert, A., Hadorn, W.: Experimental and therapeutic investigations with certain new hydrogenated ergot alkaloids in peripheral vascular disorders. Angiology 1, 520–529 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kappert, A., Sutton, G.C., Reale, A., Skoglund, K.-H.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Hydergin (CCK) auf die durch Noradrenalin ausgelöste Hypertension. Cardiologia (Basel) 16, 129–144 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsberg, P., Elliott, H.W., Adams, J.E.: Effect of various pharmacologic agents on cerebral arteries. Neurology (Minneap.) 13, 772–778 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karp, D., Rinzler, S.H., Travell, J.: Effects of ergometrine (ergonovine) on the isolated atherosclerotic heart of the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 15, 333–344 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karr, N.W.: Circulatory and adrenolytic actions of DHE and DHO. Fed. Proc. 7, 232 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L.N., Lindner, E.: The reaction of the coronary vessels to drugs and other substances. J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 2116–2119 (1939)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye, S.B., Shaw, K.M., Ross, E.J.: Bromocriptine and hypertension. Lancet I, 1176–1177 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, R.W., Friedman, A.P., Vallejo, E.: Effect of serotonin in migraine patients. Neurology (Minneap.) 10, 107–111 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirpekar, S.M., Puig, N.: Effect of flow-stop on noradrenaline release from normal spleens and spleens treated with cocaine, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 43, 359–369 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingenberg, I.: Measurement of uterine blood flow in non-pregnant women by electromagnetic flowmeter. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 52, 317–321 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, F.M., Hyman, C., Bercel, N.A.: A method for the estimation of regional cerebral blood flow. Yale J. Biol. Med. 28, 363–371 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kofler, E.: Ueber die Mikrozirkulation an der Portio vaginalis uteri. Wien. klin. Wschr. 84, Suppl. 3, 3–16 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, R.: Ueber den Mechanismus der Blutdruckregulation im indifferenten Bade. Z. ges. exp. Med. 85, 483–494 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  • Konzett, H., Rothlin, E.: Investigations on the hypotensive effect of the hydrogenated ergot alkaloids. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 8, 201–207 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koopmans, S.: The function of the blood vessels in the brain. II. The effects of some narcotics, hormones and drugs. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 24, 250–266 (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krai, U.A.: Neurologische Erfahrungen mit ‚Dihydroergotamine‘. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 62, 128–150 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, D.: Die Wirkung von Ergotamin und Hydergin auf die zentrale Kreislaufregulation. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 222, 212–214 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, D., Schmidtke-Ruhnau, D., Moursi Ali, H.: Zentrale Sympathikusdämpfung und adrenolytische Wirkung genuiner und hydrierter Mutterkornalkaloide. Dtsch. tierärztl. Wschr. 78, 292–294 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krstić, M.K., Djurković, D.: Hypertension mediated by the activation of the rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor sites. Experientia (Basel) 32, 1187–1189 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kühns, K.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung eines neuen Sympathicolyticums (Hydergin) und anderer vegetativer Pharmaka auf Elektrokardiogramm und Herzfrequenz des wachen Kaninchens. Helv. med. Acta 16, 90–109 (1949)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kühns, K.: Zur Behandlung ventrikulärer Tachykardien. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 40, 415–422 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunos, G.: Thyroid hormone-dependent interconversion of myocardial α-and β-adrenoceptors in the rat. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 59, 177–189 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunos, G., Nickerson, M.: Temperature-induced interconversion of α-and β-adrenoceptors in the frog heart. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 256, 23–40 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunos, G., Szentiványi, M.: Evidence favouring the existence of a single adrenergic receptor. Nature (Lond.) 217, 1077–1078 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunos, G., Yong, M.S., Nickerson, M.: Transformation of adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. Nature New Biol. 241, 119–120 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laddu, A.R., Somani, P.: Direct and beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-indol (LB46) on myocardial hemodynamics. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 196, 5–15 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lake, C.L.: Vasopressor effects of intravenous and intramuscular injections of methergine in the postpartum patient. Obstet. and Gynec. 4, 308–310 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lance, J.W.: Mechanism and management of headache, 2nd ed., pp. 113–133. London: Butterworths 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Lance, J.W., Anthony, M.: Thermographic studies in vascular headache. Med. J. Aust. 1, 240–243 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landesman, R., Mendelsohn, B.: The uterine omentum of the rat and its response to vasoconstrictor drugs. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 72, 84–92 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Neil, E.: The contribution of carotid chemoreceptor mechanisms to the rise of blood pressure caused by carotid occlusion. Acta physiol. scand. 23, 152–157 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lands, A.M., Luduena, F.P., Grant, J.I., Ananenko, E., Tainter, M.L.: Reversal of the depressor action of N-isopropylarterenol (isuprel) by ergotamine and ergotoxine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 100, 234–297 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, E., Jansen, W., Pfaff, W.: Orthostatische Hypotonie bei älteren Menschen. Häufigkeit und Therapie. Med. Klin. 70, 1976–1981 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, L., Echt, M.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über venentonisierende Pharmaka. Fortschr. Med. 90, 1161–1164 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langer, S.Z.: Presynaptic regulation of norepinephrine release elicited by nerve stimulation. Life Sci. 13, xcvii–xcix (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, S.Z.: Presynaptic regulation of catecholamine release. Biochem. Pharmacol. 23, 1793–1800 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langer, S.Z., Adler, E., Enero, M.A., Stefano, F.J.E.: The role of the alpha receptor in regulating noradrenaline overflow by nerve stimulation. Proc. XXVth. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., München, p. 335 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, S.Z., Enero, M.A., Adler-Graschinsky, E., Stefano, F.J.E.: The role of the alpha receptor in the regulation of transmitter overflow elicited by stimulation. V Int. Congr. Pharmacol. San Fransisco, USA, 23/28th July, 1972, Abstr. No. 802

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasch, F.: Über die Beeinflussung der Nierenclearance durch Hyderginbehandlung. Cardiologia (Basel) 24, 155–166 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lassen, N.A., Hoedt-Rasmussen, K., Sørensen, S.C., Skinhøj, E., Cronquist, S., Bodforss, B., Eng, E., Ingvar, D.H.: Regional cerebral blood flow in man determined by krypton85. Neurology (Minneap.) 13, 719–727 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laubie, M., Delbarre, B., Bogaievsky, D., Bogaievsky, Y., Tsoucaris-Kupfer, E., Senon, D., Schmitt, H., Schmitt, H.: Pharmacological evidence for a central α-sympathomimetic mechanism controlling blood pressure and heart rate. Circulat. Res. 38, Suppl. II, 35–41 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leist, K.H., Grauwiler, J.: Ergometrine and uteroplacental blood supply in pregnant rats. Teratology 10, 316 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennox, W.G.: Ergonovine versus ergotamine as a terminator of migraine headaches. Amer. J. med. Sci. 195, 458–468 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennox, W.G., Gibbs, E.L., Gibbs, F.A.: Effect of ergotamine tartrate on the cerebral circulation of man. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 53, 113–119 (1935)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, B., Ahlquist, R.P.: An analysis of adrenergic blocking activity. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 133, 202–210 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ley, J., De La Fontaine-Verwey, B.-C.: A propos de certaines réactions des vaisseaux cerebraux du lapin dans leurs rapports avec les conditions humorales et avec leur innervation sympathique. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 101, 478–480 (1929)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liljestrand, A.: Interaction of ergotamine and carbon dioxide on blood pressure and respiration. Acta physiol. scand. 15, 198–206 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, P., Uvnäs, B.: Postulated vasodilator centre in the medulla oblongata. Amer. J. Physiol. 176, 68–76 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, P., Uvnäs, B.: Vasoconstrictor inhibition and vasodilator activation — two functionally separate vasodilator mechanisms in the skeletal muscles. Acta physiol. scand. 33, 108–119 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton, B., Gittler, R.D., Slotnik, H.O., Rockaway, F.: Cardiovascular effects of oxytocin injection (USP) synthetic, prepared oxytocin and the ergot alkaloids. N.Y. St. J. Med. 60, 4006–4015 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockett, M.F., Wadley, R.: Renal actions of dihydroergocristine and of phentolamine in anaesthetised cats. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 37, 595–608 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O., Navratil, E.: Ueber den Mechanismus der Vaguswirkung von Physostigmin und Ergotamin. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 214, 689–696 (1926)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logaras, G.: Further studies of the pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Acta physiol. scand. 14, 120–135 (1947)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohmann, F.W., Gotzen, R., Ungewiss, U.: Der Einfluss von Dihydroergotamin (Dihydergot) auf die Kreislaufveränderungen und die Funktion des sympathischen Nervensystems in Orthostase. Med. Welt 26, 1416–1420 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long, J.P., Heintz, S., Cannon, J.G., Kim, J.: Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by 5,6-dihydroxy-2-dimethylamino-tetralin (M-7), apomorphine and dopamine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 192, 336–342 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longo, T., Santa, A.: The effects of catecholamines on renal artery flow before and after alpha-receptor blockade. Comparative experimental research on the conscious and anaesthetised dog. J. cardiovasc. Surg. 9, 195–200 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lottenbach, K.: Sympathikolyse und Erregbarkeit der Karotissinusreflexe am Menschen. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 42, 98–103 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lübke, K.O.: Der Einfluß von Dihydroergotamin auf Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck und Hautdurchblutung während orthostatischer Belastung. Herz-Kreislauf 4, 52–55 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubsen, N.: Experimental studies on the cerebral circulation of the unanaesthetised rabbit. III. The action of ergotamine tartrate and of some vasodilator drugs. Arch. néerl. Physiol. 25, 361–365 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lugaresi, E., Rebucci, G.G.: Prime esperienze sull’azione di alcuni farmaci alia luce de registrazioni reografiche contemperanee cerebrali e periferiche. G. Psichiat. Neuropat. 90, 881–895 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, G.W., Caudwell, G.C.: The effect of demerol, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on mortality after coronary occlusion in dogs. Brit. Heart J. 9, 85–95 (1947)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manz, M., Felix, W.: Effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the capacitance and resistance vessels of the cat hindleg (chloralose anaesthesia). Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 282 (Suppl.), R62 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marques, M.G., Rato, J.A.: Quelques action des alcaloides hydrogenes de Tergot de seigle sur l’appareil cardio-vasculaire. Cardiologia (Basel) 24, 196–206 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D.F., Liere, E.J. van: The effect of adrenergic blocking agents on the vasoconstriction produced by acute oxygen lack. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 44, 221–224 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew, N.T., Hrastnik, F., Meyer, J.S.: Regional cerebral blood flow in the diagnosis of vascular headache. Headache 15, 252–260 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzella, H.: On the reactivity of the wall of the carotid sinus. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 116, 37–44 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCall, M.L., Taylor, H.W., Read, A.W.: The action of hydergine on the circulation and metabolism of the brain in toxemia of pregnancy. Amer. J. med. Sci. 226, 537–540 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch, M.W., Rand, M.J., Story, D.F.: Inhibition of 3H-noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves of guinea-pig atria by a presynaptic α-adrenoceptor mechanism. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 46, 523P–524P (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch, M.W., Rand, M.J., Story, D.F.: Evidence for a dopaminergic mechanism for modulation of adrenergic transmission in the rabbit ear artery. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 49, 141P (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, R.J.S.: Capacity effects from the carotid sinus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 84, 24P (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  • McEachern, G.G., Manning, G.W., Hall, G.E.: Sudden occlusion of coronary arteries following removal of cardiosensory pathways. Arch. int. Med. 65, 661–670 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meirsman-Roobroeck, G.C.: The protective action of parpanit, diparcol and some other drugs against chloroform-adrenaline ventricular fibrillation. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 83, 353–385 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellander, S.: Comparative studies on the adrenergic neuro-hormonal control of resistance and capacitance blood vessels in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 50, suppl. 176, 1–86 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellander, S.: Comparative effects of acetylcholine, butyl-norsynephrine (vasculat), noradrenaline and ethyl-adrianol (Effortil) on resistance, capacitance and pre-capillary sphincter vessels and capillary filtration in cat skeletal muscle. Angiology 3, 77–99 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellander, S., Johansson, B.: Control of resistance, exchange and capacitance functions in the peripheral circulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 20, 117–196 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellander, S., Nordenfelt, I.: Comparative effects of dihydroergotamine and noradrenaline on resistance, exchange and capacitance functions in the peripheral circulation. Clin. Sci. 39, 183–201 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez, C., Aceves, J., Mendez, R.: Inhibition of adrenergic cardiac acceleration by cardiac glycosides. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 131, 191–198 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meriel, P., Bollinelli, R., Calazel, P., Cassagneau, J.: Epreuve á l’hydergine et pressions pulmonaires. Arch. Mai. Coeur 46, 329–340 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.S., Yoshida, K., Sakamoto, K.: Autonomic control of cerebral blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeters. Neurology (Minneap.) 17, 638–648 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Micheli, P. de, Glasser, A.H.: The effects of catecholamines and adrenoceptor blocking drugs on the canine peripheral lymph flow. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 53, 499–504 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe, G.D., Malton, S.D., Rennick, B.R., Freyburger, W.A.: The role of arterial pressure in the induction of idioventricular rhythms under cyclopropane anesthesia. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 94, 319–327 (1948)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R.M., Cannon, W.B.: The heart rate of unanaesthetised normal, vagotomised and sympathectomised cats as affected by atropine and ergotoxine. Amer. J. Physiol. 94, 201–208 (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran, N.C., Perkins, M.E.: An evaluation of adrenergic blockade of the mammalian heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 133, 192–201 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morpugo, C., Faini, D., Falcone, A.: The effects of phentolamine, dihydroergocristine and isoxsuprine on the blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive rats. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 290, 335–346 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouillé, P.: Interactions entre divers inhibiteurs α et β adrenergiques et l’ergotamine au cours de l’inversion des effets trusionnels de l’isoprenaline chez le chien. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 164, 1003–1006 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyer, J.H., Handley, C.A., Seibert, R.A.: Effect of adrenergic blockade on renal hemodynamics and excretion of water and electrolytes. Amer. J. Physiol. 180, 146–150 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mühe, E., Burhardt, K.-H., Kolb, W., Strobel, G.: Eine neue Methode zur Prophylaxie postoperativer Venenthrombosen. Klinikarzt 4, 88–92 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Schweinitzer, E.: Studies on the peripheral mode of action of dihydroergotamine in human and canine veins. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 27, 231–237 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Schweinitzer, E.: Responsiveness of isolated canine cerebral and peripheral arteries to ergotamine. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 292, 113–118 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Schweinitzer, E., Brundell, J.: Modification of canine vascular smooth muscle responses to dihydroergotamine by endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 34, 194–206 (1975a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Schweinitzer, E., Brundell, J.: Enhanced prostaglandin synthesis contributes to the venoconstrictor activity of ergotamine. Blood Vessels 12, 193–205 (1975b)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Schweinitzer, E., Stürmer, E.: Investigations on the mode of action of ergotamine in the isolated femoral vein of the dog. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 51, 441–446 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphree, H.B., De Maar, E.W.J., Williams, H.L., Bryan, L.L.: Effects of lysergic acid derivatives on man; antagonism between d-lysergic acid diethylamide and its 2-brom congener. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 122, 55A (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, R., Beck, L., Rondell, P.A., Bohr, D.F.: A study of the central action of ganglionic blocking agents. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 127, 157–163 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navratil, E.: Ueber humorale Uebertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 217, 610–617 (1927)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navratil, E., Wieninger, E.: Beitrag zur adrenolytischen Wirkung des Dihydroergotamins am Kaltblüterherz. Klin. Med. 3, 990–994 (1948)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, M.: The pharmacology of adrenergic blockade. Pharmacol. Rev. 1, 27–101 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, M., Chan, G.C.-M.: Blockade of responses of isolated myocardium to epinephrine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 133, 186–191 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, M., Nomaguchi, G.M.: Mechanism of dibenamine protection against cyclopropaneepinephrine cardiac arrhythmias. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 95, 1–11 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, M., Nomaguchi, G.M.: Blockade of epinephrine-induced cardioacceleration in the frog. Amer. J. Physiol. 163, 484–504 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, M., Henry, J.W., Nomaguchi, G.M.: Blockade of responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine by dibenamine congeners. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 107, 300–309 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niesel, P., Weigelin, E., Mohr, H.: Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Hydergin und DHE 45 am intrakraniellen Kreislauf beim “Cold-Pressor-Test”. Klin. Wschr. 31, 948 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, A., Hökfelt, B.: Effect of bromocriptine on blood pressure, plasma and urinary catecholamines and plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with acromegaly. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) Suppl. 212, 95 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimmerfall, F., Rosenthaler, J.: Ergot alkaloids: Hepatic distribution and estimation of absorption by measurement of total radioactivity in bile and urine. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 4, 57–66 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishi, K.: The action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on chemoreceptor discharges of the cat’s carotid body. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 55, 27–40 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordenfelt, I., Mellander, S.: Central haemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Acta med. scand. 191, 115–120 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, J.W., Hachinski, V.C., Cooper, P.W.: Changes in cerebral blood flow during a migraine attack. Brit. med. J. 3, 676–677 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nueten, J.M. van: Comparative bioassay of vasoactive drugs using isolated perfused rabbit arteries. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 6, 286–293 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, G.S., Murphy, Q.R., Meek, W.J.: The effect of sympathomimetic amines on arterial plasma potassium and cardiac rhythm in anaesthetised dogs. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 109, 453–460 (1953)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olesen, J.: Prostaglandin action on cerebral vessels. Headache 1976. Meeting of Ital. and Scand. Migraine Socs., Florence, June 2–3, 1976, p. 27

    Google Scholar 

  • Olesen, J., Paulson, O.B., Lassen, N.A.: Regional cerebral blood flow in man determined by the initial slope of the clearance of intra-arterially injected 133Xe. Stroke 2, 519–539 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivecrona, H.: Notes on the surgical treatment of migraine. Acta med. scand. Suppl. 196, 229–238 (1947)

    Google Scholar 

  • Orth, O.S.: The use of dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) and dihydroergocornine (DHO 180) to prevent cardiac irregularities during cycloproprane anaesthesia. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 163–173 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, S., Ritchie, G.: A pharmacological evaluation of dihydroergotamine methanesulphonate (DHE-45). J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 90, 166–173 (1947)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osswald, W., Guimarães, S., Garrett, J.: Influence of propranolol and ICI 50,172 on the cardiovascular actions of catecholamines as modified by ergotamine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 174, 315–322 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld, A.M.: Some aspects of cardiovascular regulation in man. Angiology 10, 34–42 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld, A.M.: Migraine headache. Its physiology and biochemistry. J. Amer. med. Ass. 174, 1188–1190 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld, A.M., Wolff, H.G.: Studies on headache observations on the behaviour of the conjunctival vessels in vascular headache. Trans. Amer. neurol. Ass. 80, 216–219 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld, A.M., Chapman, L.F., Goodell, H., Wolff, H.G.: Studies in headache: Summary of evidence concerning a noxious agent active locally during migraine headache. Psychosom. Med. 19, 199–208 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, H.L.: Upon the action of ergotoxin in the mammalian heart. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 33, 285–293 (1928)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, D.A.A., Stürmer, E.: Effect of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the capacitance, resistance and precapillary sphincter vessels of denervated cat skeletal muscle. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 42, 655P–656P (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, D.A.A., Stürmer, E.: The effects of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on skin and skeletal muscle vasculature. Experientia (Basel) 28, 743 (1972a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, D.A.A., Stürmer, E.: The effects of Hydergine on acutely denervated cat skeletal muscle vasculature. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 272, 395–401 (1972b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oyen, I.H.: Mechanism of early and chronic experimental renal hypertension as tested by CCK-179. Amer. J. Physiol. 186, 161–166 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Page, I.H., McCubbin, J.W.: Modification of vascular response to serotonin by drugs. Amer. J. Physiol. 174, 436–444 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papp, J.G., Szekeres, L.: The arrhythmogenic action of sympathomimetic amines. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 3, 4–14 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parade, D., Schwarz, W., Kroenig, B., Brocke, B., Jahnecke, J.: Durch Antihypertensiva hervorgerufener orthostatischer Blutdruckabfall und seine medikamentöse Beeinflussbarkeit. Med. Welt 25, 179–182 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pattani, F.: Die Kreislaufwirkung der Dihydroderivate der genuinen Mutterkornalkaloide am kreislaufgesunden Menschen. Schwarzenburg: Gerber-Buchdruck 1949 (Diss.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C.N.: Concepts of cardiovascular regulation: past, present and future. In: Nervous control of the heart. Randall, W.C. (ed.), pp. 154–197. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co. 1965

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelofsky, S., Jacobson, E.D., Fischer, R.G.: Effects of prostaglandin Ei on experimental cerebral vasospasm. J. Neurosurg. 36, 634–639 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W.: Operative treatment of migraine and observations on the mechanism of vascular pain. Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 37, 50–64 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pichler, E., Ostfeld, A.M., Goodell, H., Wolff, H.G.: Central versus peripheral action of ergotamine tartrate and its relevance to the therapy of migraine headache. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 76, 571–577 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, G.W.: Observations on the mechanism of headache produced by histamine. Clin. Sci. 1, 77–101 (1933)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pool, J.L., Nason, G.J.: Comparative effects of ergotamine tartrate on the arteries of the pia, dura and skin of cats. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 33, 276–282 (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool, J.L., Storch, T.J.C., Lennox, W.G.: Effect of ergotamine tartrate on pressure of cerebrospinal fluid and blood during migraine headache. Arch. int. Med. 57, 32–45 (1936)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prochnik, G., Maison, G.L., Stutzman, J.W.: Carotid-occlusion-pressor reflex: influence of existing mean arterial pressure, of anaesthetics and of ganglionic-and adrenergic-blocking drugs. Amer. J. Physiol. 162, 553–559 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proosdij-Hartzema, E.G. van, De Jongh, D.K.: Investigations into experimental hypotension. III. Dosage and effect of drugs in experimental renal hypertension in the rat. Acta physiol. Pharmacol. néerl. 4, 160–174 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Puglionisi, A., Eppinger, S.: L’azione dell’Hydergina sulla circolazione degli arti normali e nelle arteriopatie obliteranti periferiche croniche. Minerva chir. 8, 61 (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rand, M.J., Story, D.F., McCulloch, M.W.: Inhibitory feedback modulation of adrenergic transmission. Clin. exp. Pharmacol. physiol., Suppl. 2, 21–26 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, B.S., Wolff, H.G.: Experimental studies on headache. Painsensitive structures of the head and their significance in headache. Arch. Surg. 41, 813–856 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reckel, K.: Zur Behandlung pharmakogen bedingter orthostatischer Kreislaufdysregulationen. Ther. d. Gegenw. 109, 694–704 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Regli, F., Yamaguchi, T., Waltz, A.G.: Effects of vasodilating drugs on blood flow and the microvasculature of ischaemic and nonischaemic cerebral cortex. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 24, 467–474 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rettori, O., Haley, T.J.: Peripheral versus central sites of action of ergotamine on blood flow. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 167, 473–478 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reubi, F.: L’action de quelques dérivés de l’ergot de seigle sur la circulation rénale. Experientia (Basel) 5, 296–297 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reubi, F.: Le flux sanguin rénal. Helv. med. Acta 17, Suppl. XXVI, Fasc. 2 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reubi, F.: L’Hydergine modifie-t-elle l’activité tubulaire rénale? Helv. med. Acta 19, 1–8 (1952a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reubi, F.: Les fonctions rénales des hypertendus au cours d’un traitement prolongé par les dérivés dihydrogénés de l’ergot de seigle (Hydergine). Helv. med. Acta 19, 29–41 (1952b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieckert, H.: Primäre Therapieziele bei der hypotonen Fehlregulation. Fortschr. Med. 89, 175–176 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieckert, H., Pauschinger, P.: Die Beeinflussung des peripheren Venentonus durch Dihydergotê. Arztl. Forsch. 21, 99–101 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, H.A.: Migraine. Bull. neurol. Inst. N.Y. 2, 429–544 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripa, R., Frangipane, G., Gilli, P., Tura, S.: Azione della diidroergotamina sulla pressione arteriosa di ratta con ipertensione renale cronica. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 43, 883–887 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblueth, A., Cannon, B.: Some circulatory phenomena disclosed by ergotoxine. Amer. J. Physiol. 105, 373–382 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosmanitz, I.J., Brehm, H.: Klinisch-experimentelle Studie zur Kreislaufwirkung des Dihydergot beim Orthostasesyndrom. Med. Welt 2, 2618–2625 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Recherche experimentales sur l’ergotamine, alcaloïde spécifique de l’ergot de seigle. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 27, 459–479 (1923)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Ueber die pharmakologische und therapeutische Wirkung des Ergotamins auf den Sympathikus. Klin. Wschr. 4, 1437–1443 (1925)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Zur Pharmakologie der hydrierten naturlichen Mutterkornalkaloide Helv. physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 2, C48–C49 (1944)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Ueber die adrenergischen Funktionen am Herz und an Gefässen. Bull. schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 1, 194–207 (1945)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: The pharmacology of the natural and dihydrogenated alkaloids of ergot. Bull. schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 2, 249–273 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Zur Analyse der Blutdruckwirkung der natürlichen und dihydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide. Experientia (Basel) 5, 78–79 (1949)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E.: Pharmacology of lysergic acid diethylamide and some of its related compounds. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 9, 569–587 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E., Cerletti, A.: Untersuchungen iiber die Kreislaufwirkung des Ergotamins. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 7, 333–370 (1949a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E., Cerletti, A.: Pharmakologie des Hochdrucks. Verh. dtsch. Ges. Kreisl.-Forsch. 15, 158–185 (1949b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E., Cerletti, A.: Ueber die Schutzwirkung von Hydergin gegen heterotope Reizbildungsstörungen. Cardiologia 15, 184–185 (1949c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E., Cerletti, A.: Experimented Untersuchungen iiber die cardiale Wirkung hydrierter Mutterkornalkaloide. Z. ges. exp. Med. 122, 335–345 (1953)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlin, E., Cerletti, A., Emmeneger, H.: Experimental psychoneurogenic hypertension and its treatment with hydrogenated ergot alkaloids (Hydergine). Acta med. scand., Suppl. 312, 27–35 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman, S., Drury, D.R.: Role of autonomic nervous system in maintainance of cerebral and renal hypertension. Amer. J. Physiol. 188, 371–374 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowbotham, G.F.: Long term results of injuries of head (medical, economical and sociological survey). J. ment. Sci. 95, 336–354 (1949)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagar, S., Stamatakis, J.D., Higgins, A.F., Nairn, D., Maffei, F.H., Thomas, D.P., Kakkar, V.V.: Efficacy of low-dose heparin in prevention of extensive deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total-hip replacement. Lancet I, 1151–1154 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmoiraghi, G.C., McCubbin, J.W., Page, I.H.: Effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide and its brom derivative on cardiovascular responses to serotonin and on arterial pressure. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 119, 240–247 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salzmann, R., Pacha, W., Taeschler, M., Weidmann, H.: The effect of ergotamine on humoral and neuronal actions in the nictitating membrane and the spleen of the cat. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 261, 360–378 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sankar, D.V. Siva: LSD — a total study. Westbury, N.Y.: PJD Publications Ltd. 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.R.: The effects of antimigraine drugs on the vascular responses by 5-hydroxytryptamine and related biogenic substances on the external carotid bed of dogs; possible pharmacological implications to their antimigraine action. Headache 12, 44–54 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.R.: Selective vasoconstriction in carotid vascular bed by methysergide: possible relevance to its antimigraine effect. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 27, 99–105 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.R., Bhargava, K.P.: The importance of a central adrenergic mechanism in the cardiovascular responses to ouabain. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 31, 332–346 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.R., Vlaam-Schluter, G.M. de: Role of some biogenic substances in migraine and relevant mechanisms in antimigraine action of ergotamine — studies in an experimental model for migraine. Headache 13, 142–163 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schade, F.: Methergine: A study of its vasomotor properties. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 61, 187–192 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, P.: Cerebral blood flow in vascular disease of the brain, with observations on the effect of stellate ganglion block. Amer. J. Med. 8, 139–147 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schleimer, R., Zitowitz, L., Wohl, A.: The antiarrhythmic activity of dihydroergotamine (DHE). Pharmacologist 13, (2), 225 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlientz, W., Brunner, R., Rüegger, A., Berde, B., Stürmer, E., Hofmann, A.: β-Ergokryptin, ein neues Alkaloid der Ergotoxingruppe. Pharm. Acta Helv. 43, 497–509 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, C.F.: The intrinsic regulation of the circulation in the hypothalamus of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 110, 137–152 (1934)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H.: Recherches sur le système nerveux sympathique. III Dissociation des effects des mediateurs chimiques de ceux de l’excitation des nerfs sympathiques. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 114, 381–396 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Fenard, S.: Effets des alcaloïdes de l’ergot de seigle sur les vasomoteurs et leur inhibition par la clonidine. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 164, 1006–1009 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Petillot, N.: Potentialisation des effets hypertenseurs de l’angiotensine par les alcaloides de l’ergot de seigle et par la vasopressine. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 163, 2551–2553 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Schmitt, H.: Action de l’ergotamine, de la hydroergotamine et de l’hydergine chez le lapin réserpiné. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 153, 748–749 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Schmitt, H.: Sur le méchanisme de l’action hypotensive de la dihydroergotamine. J. Physiol. (Paris) 52, 517–523 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Schmitt, H.:: Modifications de l’excitabilité des centres vasomoteurs par des substances interférant périphériquement avec les effets du systeme sympathique. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 150, 322–335 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, H., Laubie, M., Fenard, S.: Effets hemodynamiques des alcaloides de l’ergot de seigle. J. Pharmacol. (Paris) 2, 131–140 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, M., Schneider, D.: Untersuchungen iiber die Regulierung der Gehirndurchblutung. II Einwirkung verschiedener Pharmaka auf die Gehirndurchblutung. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 175, 640–664 (1934)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, M., Wiemers, K.: Ueber die Wirkung der hydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide auf die Gehirndurchblutung. Klin. Wschr. 29, 580–581 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholtysik, G.: Inhibition of accelerator nerve stimulation in cats by dihydroergotoxine. 6th Int. Congr. Pharmacol. Helsinki, Finland, Abstr. 742 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholtysik, G.: Dopamine receptor mediated inhibition by bromocriptine of accelerator nerve stimulation effects in the pithed cat. Brit. J. Pharmacol. (1978) in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, H., Leist, K.H., Grauwiler, J.: Single day treatment of pregnant rats with ergotamine. Teratology 11, 32A (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schönbaum, E., Vargaftig, B.B., Lefort, J., Lamar, J.C., Haseneck, T.: An unexpected effect of serotonin antagonists on the canine nasal circulation. Headache 15, 180–187 (1975)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Share, N.N.: “Alpha” and “beta” adrenergic receptors in the medullary vasomotor centre of the cat. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 202, 362–373 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, E., Woolley, D.W.: Some serotonin-like activities of lysergic acid diethylamide. Science 124, 121–122 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, T.C.R.: The protective action of piperido-methyl-3-benzodioxane (F-933), diethyl-aminomethyl-3-benzodioxane (F-883) and yohimbine upon the chloroform-adrenaline ventricular fibrillation. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 59, 243–251 (1938)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, M.A.F., Effat, S., Razzak, M.A.: Comparative study of some imidazoline derivatives and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids on the cardiovascular system. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 108, 5–18 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F.: L’acido vanilmandelico (VMA) il maggior metabolita urinario delle catecolamine. Sett. Med. 50, 227 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F.: Mast cells and their active substances. Their role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Headache 3, 86–92 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F., Ricci, M., Monfardini, R., Ficini, M.: Experimental headache with endogenous histamine. Acta allerg. (Kbh.) 11, 188–192 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F., Testi, A., Anselmi, B.: Biochemical investigations in headache: increase in hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion during migraine attacks. Int. Arch. Allergy 19, 55–58 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F., Fanciullacci, M., Anselmi, B.: Bradykinin release and inactivation in man. Int. Arch. Allergy 22, 77–84 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sicuteri, F., Franchi, G., Fanciullacci, M.: Serotonin potentiation of methysergide, LSD-25 and ergotamine in man: an informal approach to migraine pharmacology. In: Headache, 62 contributions to the present situation of headache research in the international and interdisciplinary view. II. Biochemical bases and drug therapy. Munch. Med. Wschr. (ed.), pp. 101–104. München 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Siggaard-Andersen, J., Bonde Petersen, F., Ulrich, J.: Treatment of arterial insufficiency in the lower limbs by Hydergin®. Angiology 22, 311–319 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siggaard-Andersen, J., Petersen, F.B., Ulrich, J.: A double-blind cross-over examination studied by plethysmography. In: Gerontology. Proc. Vlth Congr. Clin. Gerontol., Berne, Sept. 8/11th, 1971, pp. 259–261. Bern: H. Huber 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Simard, D., Paulson, O.B.: Cerebral vasomotor paralysis during migraine attacks. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 29, 207–209 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skinhøj, E.: Hemodynamic studies within the brain during migraine. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 29, 95–98 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinhøj, E., Paulson, O.B.: Regional blood flow in internal carotid distribution during migraine attack. Brit. med. J. 3, 569–570 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L.: The actions of drugs on the cerebral circulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 2–85 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L., Perlin, S., Kornetsky, C., Kety, S.S.: Effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on cerebral circulation and metabolism in man. Fed. Proc. 15, 174 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spira, P.J., Mylecharane, E.J., Lance, J.W.: The effects of humoral agents and antimigraine drugs on the cranial circulation of the monkey. Res. Clin. Stud. Headache 4, 37–75 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spühler, O.: Dihydroergotamin (DHE) als Sympathicolyticum in der inneren Medizin. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 76, 1259–1263 (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K.: Influence of aα-receptor stimulants on noradrenaline release. Naturwissenschaften 58, 420 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K.: Alpha sympathomimetic inhibition of adrenergic and cholinergic transmission in the rabbit heart. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 274, 18–45 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K.: Regulation of noradrenaline release by presynaptic receptor systems. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 77, 1–124 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K., Endo, T.: Presynaptic α-adrenoceptors. Gen. Pharmacol. 7, 307–312 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K., Montel, H., Wagner, J.: Effect of phentolamine on noradrenaline uptake and release. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. 271, 181–192 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K., Endo, T., Taube, H.D.: Relative pre-and postsynaptic potencies of α-adrenoceptor agonists in the rabbit pulmonary artery. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 291, 55–78 (1975a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K., Borowski, E., Endo, T.: Preferential blockade of presynaptic α-adrenoceptors by yohimbine. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 34, 385–388 (1975b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinmann, B., Lüdi, H., Barben, H.P.: Kreislaufuntersuchungen mit vegetativ dämpfenden Pharmaka. Helv. med. Acta 15, 1–19 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjärne, L.: Basic mechanisms and local feedback control of secretion of adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters. In: Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 6. Iverson, L.L., Iverson, S.D., Snyder, S.H. (eds.), pp. 179–233. New York: Plenum Press 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjärne, L., Brundin, J.: Dual adrenoceptor-mediated control of noradrenaline secretion from human vasoconstrictor nerves. Facilitation by β-receptors and inhibition by α-receptors. Acta physiol. scand. 94, 139–141 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ströder, U., Koppermann, E.: Der Einfluß hydrierter Mutterkornalkaloide auf das Steh-Ekg unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Hämodynamik. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 41, 21–31 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumpe, K.O., Kolloch, R., Higuchi, M., Krück, F., Vetter, H.: Hyperprolactinaemia and antihypertensive effect of bromocriptine in essential hypertension. Lancet 2, 211–214 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stürmer, E., Cerletti, A.: The effect of drugs on spontaneous and bradykinin-stimulated lymph flow in dogs. 3rd Int. Congr. Pharmacol. São Paulo, Brazil; Int. Symp. on Vaso-active polypeptides: Bradykinin and related kinins. Rocha e Silva, M., Rothschild, A. (eds.), pp. 74–80. Sao Paulo: Edart Livraria Editora Ltda. 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Stürmer, E.: The effect of Hydergine® on spontaneous and bradykinin-stimulated lymph flow in dogs. In: Progress in lymphology. Mayall, R.C., Witte, M.H. (eds.), pp. 47–54. Plenum Press 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutzman, J.W., Murphy, Q., Allen, C.R., Meek, W.J.: Further studies on the production of cyclopropane-epinephrine tachycardia. Anesthesiology 8, 579–583 (1947)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugaar, S., Fried, G.H., Kalberer, J., Antopol, W.: Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide and its brom analogue on arterial hypertension in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 201, 1131–1133 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, G.C., Cerletti, A., Taeschler, M.: Comparative analysis of the effect of hydrogenated ergot alkaloids upon presso-and chemoreceptive reflexes in the cat. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 84, 393–400 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szewczykowski, J., Meyer, J.S., Kondo, A., Nomura, F., Teraura, T.: Effects of ergot alkaloids (Hydergine) on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in monkeys. J. Neurol. Sci. 10, 25–31 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadepalli, A.S., Mills, E., Schanberg, S.M.: Depression and enhancement of baroreceptor pressor response in cats after intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenergic blocking agents. Circulat. Res. 39, 724–730 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taeschler, M.: Pharmacologic classique de l’Hydergine. Ann. Anesth. Franç. 6, spécial 2, 97–104 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Taeschler, M., Cerletti, A., Rothlin, E.: Zur Frage der Hyderginwirkung auf die Gehirnzirkulation. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 10, 120–137 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauberger, G. von, Klimmer, O.R.: Die Wirkungen hoher Dosen von d-Lysergsäurediäthylamid auf die Atmung, den Kreislauf und den zentralen Sympathicus-Tonus der Katze. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 18, 1489–1491 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teychenne, P.F., Calne, D.B., Leigh, P.N., Greenacre, J.K., Reid, J.L., Petrie, A., Bamji, A.N.: Idiopathic parkinsonism treated with bromocriptine. Lancet 3, 473–476 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.H.: Ergot in the treatment of periodic neuralgias. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 19, 124–125 (1894)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorner, M.O., Chait, A., Aitken, M., Benker, G., Bloom, S.R., Mortimer, C.H., Sanders, P., Mason, A.S., Besser, G.M.: Bromocriptine treatment of acromegaly. Brit. med. J. 1, 299–303 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tillgren, N.: Huvudvärksundersökningar med dihydroergotamintartrat. Huvudvärk och kärlens kontraktionstillständ. (Kopfschmerzuntersuchungen mit DHE. Kopfschmerz-und Kontraktionszustand der Gefäße.) Nord. Med. 33, 502 (1947)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trautmann, E.: Die Beeinflussung migräneartiger Zustände durch ein sympathikushemmendes Mittel (Gynergen). Munch. med. Wschr. 75, 513 (1928)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronnier, H.: Gefäßwirksame Kosmetika. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chemists 21, 299–311 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunis, M.M., Wolff, H.G.: Analysis of cranial artery pulse waves in patients with vascular headache of the migraine type. Amer. J. med. Sci. 224, 565–568 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzanck, A.: Le traitement des migraines par le tartrate d’ergotamine. Bull. Soc. Med. Paris 44, 1057 (1928)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, J., Siggaard-Andersen, J.: Vascular effects of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids. Angiology 22,622–628 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, J., Jessen, B., Siggaard-Andersen, J.: Comparative effects of dihydroergotamine and Hydergin® on the blood flow, capillary filtration rate and the capacitance vessels in the human calf studied by plethysmography. Angiology 24, 657–663 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uvnäs, B.: Cholinergic muscle vasodilation. In: Cardiovascular regulation in health and disease. Bartorelli, C., Zanchetti, A. (eds.), pp. 7–32. Milan: Grafiche Elli and Pagani 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargaftig, B.B., Lefort, J.: Pharmacological evidence for a vasodilator receptor to serotonin in the nasal vessels of the dog. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 25, 216–225 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vleeschhouwer, G.R. de: On the pharmacology of dihydroergotamine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 461–473 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkman, P.H., Goldberg, L.I.: Lack of correlation between inhibition of prolactin release and stimulation of dopaminergic renal vasodilation. Pharmacologist 18, 130 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R.J., Woodruff, G.N., Glaizner, B., Sedden, C.B., Kerkut, G.A.: The pharmacology of Helix dopamine receptor of specific neurones in the snail, Helix aspersa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24, 455–469 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidmann, H., Cerletti, A.: Weiterer Beitrag zur Pharmakologie von d-Lysergsäure-diäthylamid: Die Wirkung von LSD auf Kreislaufreflexe. Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 16, C38–C40 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidmann, H., Taeschler, M.: Influence des substances antimigraineuses sur les effets des catecholamines, de la sérotonin et de la stimulation des nerfs sympathiques. Symp. sur les cephalees vasculaires, 15–16 October, St-Germain-en-Laye. Sandoz editions, pp. 33–40, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Weil, M.H., Shubin, H.: Changes in venous capacitance during cardiogenic shock — a search for the third dimension. Amer. J. Cardiol. 26, 613–614 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, K.M.A., Knowles, L., Spira, P.: Local effect of prostalandins on cat pial arteries. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 25, 155–158 (1974a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, K.M.A., Spira, P.J., Knowles, L., Lance, J.W.: Simultaneous measurement of internal and external carotid blood flow in the monkey. An approach to the study of migraine mechanisms. Neurology (Minneap.) 24, 450–457 (1974b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellens, D., Wauters, E.: Norepinephrine-induced reflex vasodilation and adrenergic betareceptors. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 159, 401–406 (1966a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellens, D., Wauters, E.: Norepinephrine-induced reflex vasodilation and vascular effects of serotonin. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 164, 140–149 (1966b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellens, D., Wauters, E.: Modification of the haemodynamic effects of isoproterenol by ergotamine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 171, 246–250 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J.H.: Excitation of the heart of venous mercenaria. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 219, 23–29 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J.H.: Serotonin as a possible neurohumoral agent: evidence obtained in lower animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 66, 618–630 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J.H., McCoy, A.C.: Actions of d-lysergic acid diethylamide and its 2-bromo derivative on heart of venus mercenaria. Science 125, 348 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J.H., Moorhead, M.: Identification and assay of 5-hydroxytryptamine in molluscan tissues by fluorescence method. Science 129, 1491–1492 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J.H., Moorhead, M.: The quantitative distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the invertebrates, especially in their nervous systems. J. Neurochem. 6, 146–169 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, D.G., Su, J.L.: Interactions between sympathomimetic amines and blocking agents on the rat ventricle strip. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 160, 379–389 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, D.G., Ingianna, J., Grundeman, B.E.: Vascular interaction of ergonovine with nicotine or epinephrine in the rat tail. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 150, 186–190 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werkö, L., Lagerlöf, H.: The effect of dihydroergotamine and dihydroergocornine on cardiac output and blood pressure in hypertension. Cardiologia 15, 120–126 (1949)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wezler, K., Boeger, A.: Die Dynamik des arteriellen Systems. Ergebn. Physiol. 41, 292–606 (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J.C., Smithwick, R.H.: The autonomic nervous system, p. 255. London: Kimpton 1944

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J.M. Jr., Noltensmeyer, M.H., Morris, L.E.: The influence of dihydroergotamine methanesulphonate (DHE-45) on epinephrine induced cardiac irregularities in dogs during anaesthesia with several agents. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 88, 361–367 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H.G: Headache and other head pain. New York: Oxford University Press 1948

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H.G: Headache and other head pain, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H.G: Headache and other head pain, 3rd ed., rev. by D.J. Dalessio. New York: Oxford University Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H.G., Hardy, J.D., Goodell, H.: Measurement of the effect on the pain threshold of acetylsalicylic acid, acetanilid, acetophenetidin, aminopyrine, ethyl alcohol, trichlorethylene, a barbiturate, quinine, ergotamine tartrate and caffeine: an analysis of their relation to the pain experience. J. clin. Invest. 20, 63–80 (1941)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, G.G., Nelson, V.E., Nelson, E.E.: The effect of small amounts of ergotamine on the circulatory response to epinephrine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 45, 403–418 (1932)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S.: Studies of reflex activity in involuntary nervous system. II Action of ergotamine on vasomotor reflexes. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 69, 331–348 (1930)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, A.McC., Moorhead, M., Welsh, J.H.: Actions of derivatives of lysergic acid on the heart of venus mercenaria. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 18, 440–450 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, B.J., McNay, J.L., Goldberg, L.I.: Attenuation of dopamine renal and mesenteric vasodilation by haloperidol: evidence for a specific receptor. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 168, 303–309 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Youmans, J.B., Trabue, C., Buvinger, R.S., Frank, H.: Experimental and clinical studies of ergotamine. V. The action of ergotamine on the sympathetic nervous system stimulated by epinephrine. Studies of the metabolic rate, pulse rate, blood pressure, blood sugar and the total leukocyte count. Ann. int. Med. 7, 653–663 (1933)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zickgraf, H.: Die Wirkung der dihydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide auf den Kreislauf. Z. klin. Med. 145, 34–50 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clark, B.J., Chu, D., Aellig, W.H. (1978). Actions on the Heart and Circulation. In: Berde, B., Schild, H.O. (eds) Ergot Alkaloids and Related Compounds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology / Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, vol 49. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66775-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66775-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66777-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66775-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics