Skip to main content

Chemistry of Anti-H1 Histamine Antagonists

  • Chapter
Histamine II and Anti-Histaminics

Abstract

In this Chapter a survey and discussion of the chemistry of compounds which antagonize the effects of histamine at H1 receptors are presented. Ellis (1969) has compiled an extensive list of reviews on histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and their antagonists, several of which include some account of the chemical aspects of antihistaminics. Here, attention is drawn in particular to the reviews of Witiak (1970), Doerge (1971), and Melville (1973); an extensive review of earlier work is available in Czech (Protiva, 1955). Developments in the field are presented periodically in Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry sponsored by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, e.g. Tozzi (1972).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aaron, T.H., Criep, L.H.: Neohetramine and thephorin: 2 new antihistaminic drugs. Can. med. Ass. J. 59, 438–441 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, D.W., Barrett, P.A., Billinghurst, J.W., Green, A.F., Jones, T.S.G.: Geometrical isomers in a series of antihistamines. Nature (Lond.) 168, 204–205 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, D.W., Barrett, P.A., Billinghurst, J.W., Jones, T.S.G.: Aminoalkyl tertiary carbinols and derived products. Part V. Antihistamines. The stereochemistry of cis- and trans-3-phenyl-3-pyridylallylamines. J. chem. Soc. 1957, 2315–2326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, D.W., Barrett, P.A., Billinghurst, J.W., Jones, J.S.G.: Aminoalkyl tertiary carbinols and derived products. VI. Stereochemistry of some 1-phenyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-prop-1-enes and of some 3-(tertiary amino)-1-phenyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-1-propenes carrying additional substituents. J. chem. Soc. 1958, 312–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, D.W., Billinghurst, J.W.: Aminoalkyl tertiary carbinols and derived products. Part III. 3-Tertiary-amino-1-aryl-1-(2-pyridyl)-propan-1-ols and prop-1-enes. J. chem. Soc. 1950, 1039–1045.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, A., Serjeant, E.P.: Ionization constants of acids and bases, 2nd Ed. London: Chapman & Hall 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archibald, J.L., Benke, G.A.: Benzamidopiperidines. 2. Heterocyclic compounds related to indoramin. J. med. Chem. 17, 739–744 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Archibald, J.L., Fairbrother, P., Jackson, J.L.: Benzamidopiperidines. 3. Carbocyclic derivatives related to indoramin. J. med. Chem. 17, 739–744 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ash, A.S., Schild, H.O.: Receptors mediating some actions of histamine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 27, 427–439 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Augstein, J., Ham, A.L., Leeming, P.R.: Relationship between antihistamine and antidepressant activity in hexahydroindeno-pyridines. J. med. Chem. 15, 466–470 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barac, G.: Histamine antihistaminiques et diurèse aqueuse chez le Chien normal et chez le Chien brûlé. C. R. Soc. Biol. 143, 550–553 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barouh, V., Dall, H., Patel, D., Hite, G.: Stereochemical aspects of antihistamine action: 4. Absolute configuration of carbinoxamine antipodes. J. med. Chem. 14, 834–836 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biel, J.H., Judd, C.I.: Aminoalkyliminobibenzyl compounds. British Patent 980, 231, 13. Jan. 1965, Chem. Abstr., 63, 14, 830d.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijlsma, U.G., Harms, A.F., Funcke, A.B.H., Tersteege, H.M., Nauta, W.T.H.: Pharmakologie des β-Dimethylaminoethyl-2-methylbenzhydryläthers. HCl (Bs.5930). Arzneimittel-Forsch. 5, 72–73 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boissier, J.R., Ratouis, R., Dumont, C., Taliani, L., Forest, J.: Synthesis and pharmacological properties of new 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene derivatives. J. med. Chem. 10, 86–91 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borovicka, M., Protiva, M.: Antihistamine substances XLI. Derivatives of 1-aza-2, 3:5, 6-dibenzocycloheptadiene (homoacridan). Chem. Listy 51, 1344–1349 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourquin, J.B.: D’un nouvel antihistaminique de synthèse (antistine) et de ses applications en ophthamologie. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 76, 296–300 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovet, D.: Introduction to antihistamine agents and antergan derivatives. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 50, 1089–1126 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovet, D., Horclois, R., Walthert, F.: Propriétés anti-histaminiques de la N-p-méthoxybenzyl-N-diméthylaminoéthyl-α-amino-pyridine (RP2786). C. R. Soc. Biol. 138, 99–100 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovet, D., Staub, A.-M.: Action protectrice des éthers phénoliques au cours de l’intoxication histaminique. C. R. Soc. Biol. 124, 547–549 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, K., Young, R.C.: Structure-Activity Relations. I. A series of antagonists of acetylcholine and histamine at the postganglionic receptors. J. med. Chem. 13, 225 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brack, W.: Über die Bedeutung der sogenannten synthetischen Antihistamine für die Dermatologie. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 76, 316–321 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brimblecombe, R.W., Green, D.M., Inch, T.D., Thompson, B.J.: The significance of differences in the potency of enantiomers of anti-acetylcholine drugs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 23, 745–757 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brittain, R.T., D’Arcy, P.F., Hunt, J.H.: Resolution of chlorpheniramine and the pharmacological properties of its isomers. Nature (Lond.) 183, 734–735 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, N., Lorenz, D., Veigel, H.: Beitrag zur Wirkung von Antihistamin Substanzen. II. Zur Pharmakologie des Systral. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 4, 262–268 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E.A., Fox, L.A., Maher, J.P., Nobili, C., Norton, R.C., Sannella, T.: Clinical evaluation of chlorcyclizine (perazil). Ann. Allergy 8, 32–43 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campaigne, E., Lesuer, W.M.: 3-Substituted thiophenes III. Antihistaminics of the N-3-thenylethylenediamine series. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 71, 333–335 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cany, J., Huidobro, H.: Etude clinique et expérimentale de l’activité antihistaminique du succinate de doxylamine. Thérapie 15, 159–167 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caronna, G., Palazzo, S.: Reazioni con acido azotidrico in soluzione solforica. XIII. Comportamento di alcuni derivati antrachinonici. Gazz. chim. ital. 83, 533–539 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casy, A.F.: PMR Spectroscopy in Medicinal and Biological Chemistry. London-New York: Academic Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casy, A.F., Ison, R.R.: Stereochemical influences upon antihistamine activity. Further studies of isomeric 4-amino-1,2-diarylbutenes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 22, 270–278 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casy, A.F., Parulkar, A.P.: Studies of stereochemical influences upon antihistaminic activity. The synthesis, configuration and antihistaminic properties of some isomeric aminobutenes. Can. J. Chem. 47, 424–427 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Casy, A.F., Pocha, P.: Studies of the elimination of 1,2-diaryl-4-dimethylaminobutan-2-ols II. The elimination of 1,2-diphenyl-4-dimethylaminobutan-2-ol and related compounds. Tetrahedron 23, 633–637 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charpentier, P., Ducrot, R.: Two isomeric 10-(dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazines and their ethyl homologues. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 232, 415–417 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charpentier, P., Gaillot, P., Gaudechon, J.: 10-(Diethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine isomers. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 232, 2232–2233 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chinn, H.I., Smith, P.K.: Motion sickness. Pharmacol. Rev. 7, 33–82 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clapp, R.C., Clark, J.H., Vaughan, J.R., English, J.P., Anderson, G.W.: Halogenated thiophene derivatives as antihistamine agents. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 69, 1549 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G.R., Palenik, G.J.: Crystal and molecular structure of the antihistamine 2-[(2)-dimethylaminoethyl-2-thenylamino]pyridine hydrochloride. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 94, 4005–4009 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cope, A.C., Fenton, S.W.: Cyclic polyolefins. XV. 1-Methylene-2,3,6,7-dibenzcycloheptatriene. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 73, 1673–1678 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Djerassi, C., Scholz, C.R.: Aryloxyacetamidines and 2-(aryloxymethyl)imidazolines. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 69, 1688–1692 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doerge, R.F.: Histamine and antihistaminic agents. In: Wilson, C.O., Gisvold, O., Doerge, R.F. (Eds.): Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 6th Ed., pp.677–698. Philadelphia: Lippincott 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edge, N.D., Wragg, W.R.: Identification of certain antihistamines. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 5, 279–280 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edinburgh Staff: Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations. 2nd Ed. Edinburgh: Livingstone 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, N.J., Kaplan, M.A.: Evaluation of perazil in allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy 8, 682–683 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, B.C.: New antihistamine; piperidyl maleate compound in allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy 20, 523–527 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, G.P.: The literature of medicinal chemistry. Prog. Med. Chem. 6, 266–361 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt, E.L., Zell, H.C., Saari, W.S., Christy, M.E., Colton, C.D., Stone, C.A., Stavorski, J.M., Wenger, H.C., Ludden, C.T.: Structure-activity relationships in the cyproheptadine series. J. med. Chem. 8, 829–836 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstone, W.H., Williams, R.D., Rubin, B.: Antihistamine and antianaphylactic effect of hetramine, a new synthetic pyrimidine compound. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 63, 158–161 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B., Haeger, K., Kahlson, G.: Reactive hyperemia as related to histamine, on drugs antagonizing vasodilation induced by histamine, and on vasodilator properties of adenosine triphosphate. Acta physiol. scand. 15, 264–278 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fourneau, E., Bovet, D.: Recherches sur l’action sympathicolytique d’un nouveau dérivé du dioxane. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn 46, 179–191 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H.L., Tolstoouhov, A.V.: 2-[p-Methoxybenzyl(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino]-pyrimidine and its hydrochloride. U.S. 2,465,865, Mar. 29, 1949. Chem. Abstracts 43, 6244d (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Funcke, A.B.H., Mulder, D., Dejonge, M.C., Tersteege, H.M., Harms, A.F., Nauta, W.Th.: 3-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-xyloxy)tropane citrate (dibenzheptropine citrate, Brontine). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 148, 135–162 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gay, L.N., Carliner, P.E.: The prevention and treatment of motion sickness. I. Sea Sickness. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 84, 470–487 (1949a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gay, L.N., Carliner, P.E.: The prevention and treatment of motion sickness. I. Sea Sickness. Science 109, 395 (1949b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerald, M.C., Sethi, O.P., Muhi-Eldeen, Z., Mahishi, N., Witiak, D.T.: Pharmacological studies of the stereoselective antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties of L(S)- and D(R)-3-ethylamino-1-phenylpyrrolidine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 192, 78–87 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, J.P.: Propriétés antianaphylactiques du 9-(N-méthyl-pipéridyliden-4′)thioxanthen (BP400) et du lysozyme, comparées à celle de la prednisone. Med. Exptl. (Basel) 9, 400–408 (1963a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, J.P.: Essais cliniques d’une nouvelle substance anti-allergique, 9-(N-méthyl-pipéridyliden-4)-thioxanthen (BP400). J. Suisse Med. 93, 446–449 (1963b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.F.: The antagonism of histamine and the anaphylactic response by phenylpyridyl-allylamines. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 8, 171–176 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B.N.: Les antihistaminiques de synthèse. Essai de chimiothérapie des états allergiques. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn 68, 339–408 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B.N.: Recherches sur une nouvelle série chimique de corps doués de propriétés antihistaminiques et antianaphylatiques: les dérivés de la thiodiphénylamine. Bull. Soc. chem. Biol. 29, 309–318 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B.N., Ducrot, R.: Recherches expérimentales sur une nouvelle série chimique de corps doues de propriétés antihistaminiques puissantes: les dérivés de la thiophénylamine (T.D.A.). C.R. Soc. Biol. 140, 361–363 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B.N., Stiffel, C., Liacopoulos-Briot, M., Conovici, L.: Recherches sur un nouvel antihistaminique de synthèse, la cinnarazine. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn 142, 170–184 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B.N., Walthert, F.: Conditionnement de l’antagonisme histamine-antihistaminiques sur la corne utérine de cobaye par l’équilibre ionique du milieu de survie. C.R. Soc. Biol. 139, 402–404 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham, N.S.: Solution conformation of antihistamines. J. pharm. Sci. 60, 1764–1765 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham, N.S., Casy, A.F., Ison, R.R.: Solution conformations of histamine and some related derivatives. J. med. Chem. 16, 470–475 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, P.E., Ahmed, A.E.: Conformationally restricted analogs of histamine H1 receptor antagonists trans- and cis-1,5-diphenyl-3-dimethylaminopyrrolidine. J. med. Chem. 16, 963–968 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, P.E., Ahmed, A.E., Grund, V.R., Merriman, R.L.: 1,5-Diphenyl-3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidine: a long-acting histamine antagonist. J. pharm. Sci. 62, 512–514 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, P.E., Borchardt, R.T.: Histamine N-methyltransferase. Inhibition and potentiation by trans- and cis-1,5-diphenyl-3-dimethylaminopyrrolidine. J. med. Chem. 17, 471–473 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, P.E., Grund, V.R., Anders, M.W.: Conformationally restricted analogs of histamine H1 receptor antagonists. 2-Phenyl- and 2-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-dimethylamino-isoquinoline. J. med. Chem. 17, 1020–1023 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, E., Schmiterlöw, C.G.: A comparison of the distribution, excretion and metabolism of a tertiary promethazine and a quaternary (Aprobit) phenothiazine compound labelled with sulphur-35. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 131, 309–324 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanze, A.R., Strube, R.E., Greig, M.E.: Dibenzo [b,e] [1,4] diazepines. J. med. Chem. 6, 767–771 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hörlein, U.: Zur Kenntnis der Tetrahydrocarbolin-Verbindungen (I. Mitteil.). Chem. Ber. 87, 463–472 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppe, J.O., Lands, A.M.: Toxicologic properties of N′-2(pyridyl)-N′-(3-thenyl)-N,N-dimethyle-thylenediamine hydrochloride (thenfadil, WIN 2848), a new antihistaminic drug. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 97, 371–380 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horáková, Z., Votava, Z.: Local anaesthetic action of phenothiazine, homophenothiazine, and homoacridan derivatives. Physiol, bohemoslov. 8, 260–267 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horclois, R.J.: 2-Aminopyridine antihistaminic compounds. U.S. Patent 2,489,777, 29 Nov. 1949. Chem. Abstr. 44, P7353c (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, C.F., Donoghue, E., Wenk, P., Sury, E., Nelson, J.A.: A new class of highly active antihistaminics. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 82, 2077–2078 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunziker, F., Kuenzle, F., Schmutz, J.: Siebengliedrige Heterozyklen. II. Über die 5-Stellung basisch substituierter 5H-Dibenzo[b,e]-1,4-diazepine. Helv. chim. Acta 46, 2337–2346 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huttrer, C.P.: Chemistry of antihistaminic substances. Enzymologia 12, 277–332 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huttrer, C.P.: Recent progress in histamine and antihistamine research. Experientia (Basel) 5, 53–65 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huttrer, C.P., Djerassi, C., Beears, W.L., Mayer, R.L., Scholz, C.R.: Heterocyclic amines with antihistaminic activity. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 68, 1999–2002 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ison, R.R.: Stereochemical studies of antihistaminic agents. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alberta, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ison, R.R., Casy, A.F.: Structural influences upon antihistamine activity; 3-amino-1-aryl-1-(2-pyridyl)propenes and related compounds. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 23, 848–856 (1971a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ison, R.R., Casy, A.F.: Studies of antihistaminics. Dehydration of some substituted 4-aminobutan-2-ols. J. chem. Soc. (Org) 3048–3051 (1971b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ison, R.R., Franks, F.M., Soh, K.S.: The binding of conformationally restricted antihistamines to histamine receptors. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 25, 887–894 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iupac. Tentative rules for the nomenclature of organic chemistry. Section E. Fundamental stereochemistry. J. Org. Chem. 35, 2849–2867 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • James, M.N.G., Williams, G.J.B.: Crystal structure of dl-brompheniramine maleate [1-(p-bromophenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)-3-N,N-dimethylpropylamine maleate]. J. med. Chem. 14, 670–675 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James, M.N.G., Williams, G.J.B.: Structural studies on histamine H1 effector molecules. The crystal structure of the antihistamine drug (+)—chlorpheniramine maleate [(+)-S-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-1(2-pyridyl)-3-N,N-dimethylpropylamine maleate]. Can. J. Chem. 52, 1872–1879 (1974a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James, M.N.G., Williams, G.J.B.: The crystal and molecular structure of the antihistaminic drug triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate [trans-1-(p-tolyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidino)-prop-1-ene]. Can. J. Chem. 52, 1880–1888 (1974b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarrousse, M.J., Régnier, M.T.: Séparation et activité physiologique des deux isomers optiques du diméthylaminoéthoxy-(p-tolylphenylméthane). Ann. pharm, franç. 9, 321–325 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerchel, D., Fischer, H., Kracht, M.: Zur Darstellung der Benzimidazole. Ann. Chem. 575, 162–173 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jilek, J.O., Seidlova, V., Svatek, E., Prouva, M., Pomykacek, J., Sedivy, Z.: Neurotrope und psychotrope Substanzen. 5. Mitt. Synthese neuer Aminoderivate von 10,11-Dihydrodibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten und 10,11-Dihydrodibenzo [b,f]thiepin, und 6, 11-Dihydrodibenzo [b,e]-thiepin. Mschr. Chem. 96, 182–207 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jucker, E., Ebnother, A.: Antihistamines. Swiss Patent 401,055. 30 April 1966. Chem. Abstr. 65, 3825h (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, A.R., Henderson, A.R.: The use of antihistaminic drugs in human tuberculosis. Ann. Allergy 7, 306–317 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.-G.: 4-(N-Phenylbenzylamino)-1-alkylpiperidines substituted in the aromatic radicals. British Patent 700,097.25 November 1953, Chem. Abstr. 49, 6318 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuntzman, R., Jacobson, M., Tsai, I., Burns, J.J., Burchall, J., Koch, A.: Certain aspects of drugs binding to nonplasma proteins as illustrated by studies with cyclizine, chlorcyclizine, and polymyxin B. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 226, 131–147 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz, W.: Neue Arzneimittel (V). Teil II. Arch. Pharm. 287, 463–482 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutter, E., Hansch, C.: Steric parameters in drug design. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and antihistamines. J. Med. Chem. 12, 647–652 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaBelle, A., Tislow, R.: Prophenpyridamine (Trimeton) and chloroprophenpyridamine (Chlortrimeton). J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 113, 72 – 88 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lands, A.M., Hoppe, J.O., Siegmund, O.H., Ludueña, F.P.: Pharmacological properties of 3 new antihistaminic drugs. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 95, 45–52 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H.M., Anderson, R.C., Harris, P.N.: Antihistaminic action of “pyronil”. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 80, 458–462 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, G.: Pharmacological properties of a new antihistaminic, 2-methyl-9-phenyl-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydro-1-pyridindene (thephorin) and derivatives. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 92, 249–259 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, G., Randall, L.O., Hagen, E.: The antihistamine, antiadrenaline and antiacetylcholine action of thephorin. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 78, 253–267 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, F., Huttrer, C.P.: Histamine Antagonists. Washington D.C.: Chemical Biological Coordination Center, National Research Council 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loew, E.R., Kaiser, M.E., Moore, V.: Synthetic benzohydryl alkamine ethers effective in preventing fatal experimental asthma in guinea pigs exposed to atomized histamine. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 83, 120–129 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loew, E.R., MacMillan, R., Kaiser, M.E.: Antihistamine properties of Benadryl(2-dimethylaminoethyl benzohydryl ether hydrochloride). J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 86, 229–238 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, H.B., Feinberg, S.M., Canterbury, E.A.: Local inhibition of histamine flare in man; method of bioassay of antihistamine drugs. J. Allergy 20, 350–357 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, P.B.: Some chemical and physical properties associated with histamine antagonism. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 10, 270–278 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martindale: Extra Pharmacopoeia. 26th Ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGavack, T.H., Shearman, A.H., Weissberg, J., Fucks, A.M., Schulman, P.M., Drekter, I.J.: Newer antihistaminics. IV. Some pharmacologic and therapeutic effects of β-(p-bromobenzhydryloxy)ethyldimethylamine hydrochloride, a derivative of diphenylhydramine hydrochloride. J. Allergy 22, 31–46 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melville, K.I.: Antihistamine drugs. In: Schachter, M. (Ed.): Histamine and Antihistaminics. International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Section 74, Vol.1. Oxford: Pergamon 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metys, J., Metysová, J.: Derivat des 4,9-Dihydrothieno(2,3-b)benzo[e]thiepins: Ein neuer Typ des wirksamen Antihistaminikums. Acta biol. med. germ. 15, 871–873 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metysová, J., Metys, J., Votava, Z.: Pharmakologische Eigenschaften der 6,11-Dihydrodibenz [b, e]thiepin-Derivate. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 13, 1039–1043 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Metysová, J., Metys, J., Votava, Z.: Pharmakologische Eigenschaften der 6,11-Dihydrodibenzo[b.e]thiepin-Derivate. II. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 15, 524–527 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miescher, K., Klarer, W.: Imidazolines. U.S. 2,449,241. Sept. 14 1948. Chem. Abstr. 43, 692d (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mietzsch, F.: Die Entwicklung der Antihistaminmittel und zentral dämpfenden Mittel. Angew. Chem. 66, 363–367 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, J.: 1-(p-Chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidino)butenes. U.S. 2,655,509 13 Oct. 1953. Chem. Abstr. 48, P 13726 c (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morren, H., Trolin, S., Denayer, R., Grivsky, E., Maricq, J.: Nouvelles substances antihistaminiques à action prolongée: les 1, 4 bis (aracoyl)-pipérazines. Bull. Soc. chim. Belges 60, 282–295 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P’An, S.Y., Gardocki, J.F., Reilly, J.C.: Pharmacological properties of two new antihistamines of prolonged action. J. Amer, pharm. Ass. 43, 653–656 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paris Correspondent: Antagonists of histamine. J. Amer. med. Ass. 129, 1219–1220 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plati, J.T, Wenner, W.: Heterocyclic amines U.S. 2,470,108 and 2,470,109 17 May 1949. Chem. Abstr. 43, 5808 f (1949a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plati, J.T., Wenner, W.: Reaction of acetophenone with formaldehyde and methylamine hydrochloride. J. org. Chem. 14, 543–549 (1949b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Protiva, M.: Chemie Antihistaminovych Latek a Histaminove Skupiny. Prague: Ceskoslovensker Akademic Ved. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Protiva, M.: Recent progress on the pharmaco-chemical research on antihistamine drugs and psychotropic agents—derivatives of tricyclic systems having a seven- or eight-membered middle ring. Farmaco, Ed. sci. 21, 78–104 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Protiva, M., Borovicka, M., Hach, V., Votava, Z., Metysova-Sramkova, J., Horakova, Z.: Über pharmakodynamisch interessante Aminoalkylderivate von Acridan- und Phenthiazin-homologen. Experientia. (Basel) 13, 291–292 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Protiva, M., Rajsner, M., Adlerova, E., Seidlova, V., Vejdelek, Z.J.: Neurotropic and psychotropic substances. I. New types of 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepine derivatives and analogues. Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 29, 2161–2181 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, W.B., Wright, J.B., Kolloff, H.G., Hunter, J.H.: Histamine antagonists. II. N-(Pyrrolidylalkyl)phenothiazines. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 70, 3100–3102 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rekker, R.F., Timmerman, H., Harms, A.F., Nauta, W.Th.: The antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities of optically active diphenylhydramine derivatives. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 21, 688–691 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rekker, R.F., Timmerman, H., Harms, A.F., Nauta, W.Th.: Changes in antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities of diphenhydramine derivatives on quaternization and the role of an asymmetric centre. Chim. Therap. 7, 279–282 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuse, J.J.: Comparisons of various histamine antagonists. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 3, 174–180 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieveschl, G.R.: Dialkylaminoalkyl benzhydryl ethers. U.S. 2,421,714 June 3 1947. Chem. Abstr. 41, 5550h (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieveschl, G.R., Huber, W.F.: Abstracts, 109 th Meeting, American Chemical Society, 1946, p.50K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Römer, D., Cerletti, A.: Konstitution und Wirkung von „Antaminica“einer Wirkstoffgruppe aus der Reihe substituierter Tricyclen. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmakol. 250, 174–175 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rometsh, R.: Stereoisomers of α-phenyl-α-(2-piperidyl) acetic acid. U.S. 2,838,519 10 June 1958. Chem. Abstr. 52, 16, 374c (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roncevich, A.: Allergic rhinitis and its control by antihistamines: clinical trial of Tavegyl (meclastine). Curr. Ther. Res. 11, 625–633 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roszkowski, A.P., Govier, W.M.: Comparison of racemic carbinoxamine with its optically active isomers. Pharmacologist 1, 60 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, F.E.: Antihistamine activity of the optical isomers of pheniramine and its chlor- and brom-substituted derivatives. Chemotherapia 3, 120–127 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, F.E., Govier, W.M.: Comparative pharmacology of chlorpheniramine (chlor-trimeton) and its optical isomers. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 124, 347–349 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabbah, A.: Etude chimique et pharmacologique d’un nouvel anti-histaminique. Le dimaléate d’azatadine dans les maladies par hypersensibilité. Vie méd. 41, 5401–5404 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saijo, S.: Antihistaminic agents V. N,N-Dimethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-propylamine derivatives. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan 72, 1529–1531 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenker, E., Herbst, H.: Phenothiazine und Azaphenothiazine als Heilmittel. Progr. Drug Res. 5, 269–627 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schild, H.O.: pA, A new scale for the measurement of drug antagonism. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 2, 189–206 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, O.: Klinische Untersuchungen mit der Antihistaminsubstanz Antistin Ciba. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 76, 300–305 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, W., Häfliger, F.: Über Derivate des Iminodibenzyls. Helv. chim. Acta 37, 472–483 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlichtegroll, A., von: Pharmacology of various thiophenylpyridylamines. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 7, 237–252 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, H.J., Hunger, A., Hoffmann, K.: Sterische und elektrostatische Effekte in der Schmidt-Reaktion. Helv. chim. Acta 39, 607–618 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulemann, W., Friebel, H.: Chemische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen über einen neuen Antihistaminkörper. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 78, 540–549 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, W.A., Klebe, H.: Synthesen von 4-Aza-phenothiazinen. I. 4-Aza-phenothiazine und deren 10-Aminoalkyl-Derivate. Ann. Chem. 653, 172–180 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, E., Reicher, J.: A clinical evaluation of neohetramine in allergic disease. Ann. Allergy 7, 320–324 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafi’ee, A., Hite, G.: The absolute configurations of the pheniramines, methyl phenidates and pipradols. J. med. Chem. 12, 266–270 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sigal, B., Herblot, M.: Action antiprurigineuse du dimaleate d’azatadine dans certaines affections dermatologiques. Gaz. méd. Fr. 77, 364–365 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperber, N., Papa, D., Schwenk, E.: 3-Pyridylpropylamine antihistaminic substances. U.S. 2,676,964 27 April 1954. Chem. Abstr. 49, 6316f.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperber, N., Papa, D., Schwenk, E., Sherlock, M.: Pyridylsubstituted alkamine ethers as antihistaminic agents. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 71, 887–890 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sperber, N., Papa, D., Schwenk, E., Sherlock, M., Fricano, R.: Histamine antagonists. γ,γ-Disubstituted N,N-dialkylpropylamines. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 73, 5752–5559 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staub, A.M.: Recherches sur quelques bases synthétiques antagonistes de l’histamine. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 63, 400–436 (1939a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staub, A.M.: Recherches sur quelques bases synthétiques antagonistes de l’histamine. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 63, 485–524 (1939b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, A., Bourquin, J.P.: Piperidine derivatives. U.S. Patent 2,757,175 (1956). Chem. Abstr. 51, 2055 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, W.G., Frey, Ch., Morel, Ch.J.: Antihistaminica III. Über α-(Aminoalkyl)stilbene. Helv. chim. Acta 33, 1208–1217 (1950b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, W.G., Morel, Ch.J., Frey, Ch.: Antihistaminica II. Über die Synthese von 1, 2-disubstituierten 4-Amino-Δ 2-butenen. Helv. chim. Acta 33, 1194–1207 (1950a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, C.A., Wenger, H.C., Ludden, C.T., Stavorski, J.M., Ross, C.A.: Antiserotonin-antihistaminic properties of cyproheptadine. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 131, 73–84 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.W., Kelley, F.R.: Clinical evaluation of ambodryl hydrochloride; report of 100 cases. Ann. Allergy 9, 481–486 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tilford, C.H., Shelton, R.S., van Campen, M.G.: Histamine antagonists. Basically substituted pyridine derivatives. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 70, 4001–4009 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toldy, L., Vargha, L., Toth, I., Borsy, J.: Promethazine I. Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hungary 19, 273–275 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tozzi, S.: Pulmonary and antiallergy agents. A. R. med. Chem. 7, 89–98 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treibs, W., Klinkhammer, H.J.: Über das 1.2;4.5-Dibenz-suberon-(3). Chem. Ber. 83, 367–371 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treibs, W., Klinkhammer, H.J.: Über das 2.3;6.7-Dibenz-suberon-(1). II. Mitt. Synthese des 2.3;6.7-Dibenz-suberen-(4)-ons-(1) und des 2.3;6.7-Dibenz-suberens-(4). Chem. Ber. 84, 671–677 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trottier, R.W., Malone, M.H.: Comparative in vitro evaluation of cryogenine, cyproheptadine, and diphenhydramine as antagonists of furtrethonium, histamine and serotonin. J. pharm. Sci. 58, 1250–1253 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, G., Parrot, J.-L., Bovet, D.: Inhibition of the effects of histamine on isolated guinea-pig intestine by various sympathicomimetic and sympathicolytic substances. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 124, 445–446 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Brook, M.J., Olson, K.J., Richmond, M.T., Kuizenga, M.H.: Pharmacology of a new antihistamine, 10-[β-(1-pyrrolidine)ethyl] phenothiazine monohydrochloride (pyrrolazote). J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 94, 197–208 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Stelt, C., Harms, A.F., Nauta, W.Th.: The effect of alkyl-substitution in drugs. V. Synthesis and chemical properties of some dibenzo[a,d]1,4-cycloheptadienyl ethers. J. med. Pharm. Chem. 4, 335–349 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Vlies, C.: Binding of a diphenhydramine analogue to BSA. An NMR investigation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 859–864 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, J.R., Anderson, G.W., Clapp, R.C., Clark, J.H., English, J.P., Howard, K.L., Marson, L.H., Sutherland, L.H., Denton, J.J.: Antihistamine agents. IV. Halogenated N,N-dimethyl-N′-benzyl-N′-2-pyridylethylenediamines. J. org. Chem. 14, 228–234 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veidis, M.V., Palenik, G.J., Schaffrin, R., Trotter, J.: Crystal structure of histamine diphosphate monohydrate. J. chem. Soc. A. 2659–2666 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Viaud, P.: Les amines derivées de la phenothiazine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6, 361–389 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villani, F.J., Daniels, P.J.L., Ellis, C.A., Mann, T.A., Wang, K.-C.: Derivatives of 10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a, d]cycloheptene and related compounds. III. Azaketones. J. Het. Chem. 8, 73–81 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villani, F.J., Daniels, P.J.L., Ellis, C.A., Mann, T.A., Wang, K.-C., Wefer, E.A.: Derivatives of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a, d]cycloheptene and related compounds. 6. Aminoalkyl derivatives of the aza isosteres. J. med. Chem. 15, 750–754 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Votava, Z., Metysová, J., Horáková, Z.: Pharmacological studies of compounds with an expected neuroplegic effect. 1. Derivatives of homophenothiazine and homocridane. Cs. Farm. 7, 125–129 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahner, H.W., Peters, C.A.: An evaluation of some newer antihistaminic drugs against pollinosis. Proc. Mayo Clin. 35, 161–169 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waringa, C.G.: 1,1-Diaryl-3-aminopropenes and some related compounds: synthesis and biological activities. Academisch Proefschrift, Free University of Amsterdam 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, R.: Benzalphthalide. Org. Syn. Coll. 2, 61–63 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisz, I., Dudás, A.: The stereochemistry of methyl α-(2-piperidyl)phenylacetate. Acta Pharm. Hung. 31/B, Suppl. 116–117 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Werle, E., Kopp, K., Leysath, G.: Die Antihistaminwirkung von 2,7-Diazaphenothiazin und einige seiner Derivate. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 12, 443–444 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weston, A.W.: N,N-Dimethyl-N′-2-pyridyl-N′-2-thenylethylene diamine, an antihistaminic agent. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 69, 980–981 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, A.C., Green, A.F., Hudson, A.: Some pharmacological properties of 3,3-diphenylpro-panolamines,-allylamines and -propylamines. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 6, 560–571 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilken-Jensen, K.: Experimental and clinical study of new antihistaminic paradryl (quaternary ammonium compound). Ugeskr. Loeg. 112, 679–681 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winder, C.V., Kaiser, M.E., Anderson, M.M., Glassco, E.M.: Myotropic, spasmolytic, histaminolytic, and atropine-like actions of some derivatives of dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (benadryl). J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 87, 121–131 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witiak, D.T.: Antiallergenic agents in medicinal chemistry. In: Burger, A. (Ed.): Medicinal Chemistry, 3rd Ed., pp. 1643–1668. New York: Wiley-Interscience 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witiak, D.T., Hsu, S.Y., Ollmann, J.E., Griffith, R.K., Seth, S.K., Gerald, M.C.: D-(R)- and L-(S)-3-Alkylamino-pyrrolidino-substituted dihydrodibenzo[b,f]-and-[b,e]thiepins, xanthenes, and diphenylmethanes. J. med. Chem. 17, 690–696 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witiak, D.T., Muhi-Eldeen, Z., Mahishi, N., Sethi, O.P., Gerald, M.C.: L(S)- and D(R)-3-Amino-1-phenylpyrrolidines. Selective antagonists for histamine and acetylcholine receptors in vitro. J. med. Chem. 14, 24–30 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yale, H.L., Sowinski, F.: Novel polycyclic heterocycles. II. Derivatives of 5,11-Dihydrodibenz[b,e][1,4]oxazepine. J. med. Chem. 7, 609–614 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Casy, A.F. (1978). Chemistry of Anti-H1 Histamine Antagonists. In: Rocha e Silva, M. (eds) Histamine II and Anti-Histaminics. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 18 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66445-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66445-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66447-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66445-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics