Skip to main content

Mass Transport across Membranes

  • Chapter
Transport in Plants III

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 3))

Abstract

It is the aim of this article to give an introduction to some of the basic concepts used in the theoretic treatment of transport processes across membranes. Section 1 is devoted to the thermodynamic treatment of membrane transport close to equilibrium in which the membrane is treated as a “black box”. The information about processes taking place within the membrane in its stationary state is derived from measurements of state parameters of its bulk phases as function of time. In order to gain insights into the physical basis of observed transport properties it is necessary to construct a suitable model of the membrane which is amenable to theoretical analysis. In Section 2 a brief review of the major membrane models is given and the model of the membrane with narrow pores is discussed in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, B., Ussing, H.H.: Solvent drag on non-electrolytes during osmotic flow through isolated toad skin and its response to antidiuretic hormone. Acta Physiol. Scand. 39, 228–239 (1957)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciani, S.M.: A rate theory analysis of steady diffusion in a fixed charge membrane. Biophysik 2, 368–378 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciani, S.M., Eisenmann, G., Laprode, R., Szabo, S.: Theoretical analysis of carrier-mediated electrical properties of bilayer membranes. In: Membranes (G. Eisenmann, ed.), Vol. 2. New York: Marcel Dekker 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Dainty, J.: Water relations in plant cells. Adv. Bot. Res. 1, 279–326 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dainty, J.: Water Relations of Plant Cells. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 2A (U. Lüttge, M.G. Pittman, eds.), pp. 12–35. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Davson, H., Danielli, J.F.: The permeability of natural membranes, pp. 324–335. Cambridge: University Press 1952

    Google Scholar 

  • Dresner, L.: Electrokinetic phenomena in charged microcapillaries. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 1635–1641 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frömmter, E.: Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen am proximalen Tubulus der Rattenniere. Habilitationsschrift Frankfurt 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, D.E.: Potential impedance and rectification in membranes. J. Gen. Physiol. 27, 37–60 (1943)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groot, S.R. de, Mazur, P.: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Amsterdam: North Holland 1962

    Google Scholar 

  • Groot, S.R. de, Mazur, P.: Anwendung der Thermodynamik irreversibler Prozesse. Mannheim-Wien-Zürich: Bibliographisches Institut 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, R.J., Osterle, J.F.: Membrane transport characteristics of ultrafine capillaries. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 228–234 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haase, R.: Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. Reading, Mass.-Menlo Park, Calif. -London-Don Mills, Ontario: Addison-Wesley 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Hingson, D.J., Diamond, J.M.: Comparison of nonelectrolyte permeability. Patterns in several epithelia. J. Membrane Biol. 10, 93–135 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin, A.L.: The ionic basis of electric activity in nerve and muscle. Biol. Rev. 26, 339–409 (1951)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hope, A.B.: Ion Transport and Membranes. London: Butterworths 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacazio, G., Probstein, R.F., Sonin, A.A., Yung, D.: Porous materials for reverse osmosis membranes. Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Dept. Mech. Eng., Massachusetts Inst. Tech. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, F.H., Eyring, H., Polissar, J.: The Kinetic Basis of Molecular Biology. New York: Wiley 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Katchalsky, A., Curran, P.F.: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Biophysics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press 1965

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O.: Criteria of Active Transport in Membrane Transport and Metabolism (A. Klein-Zeller, A. Kotyk, eds.), pp. 87–90. New York: Academic Press 1961

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O.: From irreversible thermodynamics to network thermodynamics. J. Membrane Biol. 10, 213–219 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Essig, A.: Isotope flow and flux ratios in biological membranes. J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 1047–1070 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Katchalsky, A.: Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to non-electrolytes. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 27, 229–246 (1958)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Katchalsky, A.: A physical interpretation of the phenomenological coefficients of membrane permeability. J. Gen. Physiol. 45, 143–179 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Katchalsky, A.: Permeability of composite membranes. I. Electric current, volume flow and flow of solute through membranes. Trans. Faraday Soc. 59, 1918–1930 (1963 a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Katchalsky, A.: Permeability of composite membranes. II. Parallel elements. Trans. Faraday Soc. 59, 1931–1940 (1963 b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kedem, O., Katchalsky, A.: Permeability of composite membranes. III. Series array of elements. Trans. Faraday Soc. 59, 1941–1953 (1963 c)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobatake, Y., Fujita, H.: Flows through charged membranes J. Chem. Phys. 40, 2212–2222 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, W., Läuger, P., Voellmy, H., Block, R., Majer, H.: Volumen- und Stofftransport durch weitporige Membranen. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 67, 364–372 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Läuger, P.: Stoff- und Volumentransport durch Membranen mit elektrisch geladenem Gerüst. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 68, 352–361 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Läuger, P., Neumcke, B.: Theoretical analysis of ion conductance in lipid bilayer membranes. In: Membranes (G. Eisenmann, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 1–59. New York: Marcel Dekker 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J.H., Desousa, R.C., Essig, A.: Kinetics of tracer flows and isotape interaction in an ion exchange membrane. J. Membrane Biol. 19, 93–104 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manegold, E.: Kapillarsysteme, Bd. 1 und Bd. 2, Straßenbau. Heidelberg: Chemie und Technik Verlagsgesellschaft 1955

    Google Scholar 

  • Meares, P., Ussing, H.H.: The fluxes of sodium and chloride ions across a cation exchange resin membrane. Part 1-Effect of a concentration gradient. Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 142–155 (1959a)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meares, P., Ussing, H.H.: The fluxes of sodium and chloride ions across a cation exchange resin membrane. Part 2-Diffusion with electric current. Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 244–254 (1959b)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, J.: Kopplung von Stofftransport und chemischer Reaktion an einer zusammengesetzten asymmetrischen Membran. Ein Beispiel für aktiven Transport. Doktorarbeit Frankfurt (M.) 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, J., Sauer, F., Woermann, D.: Coupling of mass transfer and chemical reaction across an asymmetric sandwich membrane. In: Membrane Transport in Plants (U. Zimmermann, J. Dainty, eds.), pp. 28–35. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Meixner, J., Reik, H.G.: Thermodynamik der irreversiblen Prozesse. In: Handbuch der Physik, Vol. III/2, pp. 413–523. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1959

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, K.H., Sievers, J.F.: La perméabilité des membranes. II. Helv. Chim. Acta 19, 665–677 (1936)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nernst, W.: Zur Kinetik der in Lösung befindlichen Körper. Z. Physik. Chem. 2, 613–636 (1888)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nernst, W.: Die elektromotorische Wirksamkeit der Ionen. Z. Physik. Chem. 4, 129–181 (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumcke, B., Läuger, P.: Nonlinear electrical effects in lipid bilayer membranes. II. Integration of the generalized Nernst-Planck-equation. Biophys. J. 9, 1160 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, P.S.: Introduction to Biophysical Plant Physiology, pp. 138–156. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Parlin, B., Eyring, H.: Membrane permeability and electrical potential. In: Ion Transport across Membranes (H.T. Clarke, ed.), pp. 103–119. New York: Academic Press 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Planck, M.: Über die Erregung von Elektrizität und Wärme in Elektrolyten. Ann. Physik u. Chem. N.F. 39, 161–186 (1890a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planck, M.: Über die Potentialdifferenz zwischen zwei verdünnten Lösungen binärer Elektrolyte. Ann. Physik u. Chem. N.F. 40, 561 (1890b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planck, M.: Über die Grenzschicht verdünnter Elektrolyte. Sitzungsber. Preuß. Akad. d. Wiss. Phys. Math. Kl. Berlin XX, pp. 367–373 (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pusch, W., Woermann, D.: Study of the relation between reflection coefficient and solute rejection efficiency using a strong basic anion exchange membrane. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 74, 444–449 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandblom, J., Orme, F.: Liquid membranes as electrodes and biological models. In: Membranes (G. Eisenmann, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 125–177. New York: Marcel Dekker 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, F.: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of kidney tubule transport. Handbook of Physiology, Section Renal Physiology. Amer. Physiol. Soc. pp. 399–414 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlögl, R.: Elektrodiffusion in freier Lösung und geladenen Membranen. Z. Physik. Chem. (Frankfurt) 1, 305–339 (1954)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlögl, R.: Zur Theorie der anomalen Osmose. Z. Physik. Chem. (Frankfurt) 3, 73–102 (1955)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlögl, R.: Stofftransport durch Membranen. Darmstadt: Steinkopff 1964a; pp$142–43 1964b; pp$158–63 1964c; p$170 1964d; pp$176–79 1964e; pp. 79–88 1964f; p. 100 1964g

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlögl, R.: Membrane permeation in systems far from equilibrium. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 70, 400–414 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlögl, R.: Non-linear transport behaviour in very thin membranes. Quart. Rev. 2, 305–313 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G.: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme. I. Übersicht. Z. Elektrochem. 54, 424–430 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G.: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme. II. Elektroosmose. Z. Elektrochem. 55, 229–237 (1951a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G.: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme. III. Elektrische Leitfähigkeit. Z. Elektrochem. 55, 295–307 (1951b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G.: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme. VI. Konvektionsleitfähigkeit. Z. Elektrochem. 56, 181–193 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G., Schwarz, H.: Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme. V. Strömungspotentiale, Donnan-Behinderung des Elektrolytdurchgangs bei Strömung. Z. Elektrochem. 56, 35–44 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schönborn, M., Woermann, D.: Über das osmotische Verhalten von Ionenaustauschermem-branen. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 71, 843–855 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Staverman, A. J.: The theory of measurement of osmotic pressure. Ree. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 70, 344–352 (1951)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staverman, A.J.: Apparent osmotic pressure of solutions of hetero disperse polymers. Ree. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 71, 623–633 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staverman, A.J.: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of membrane processes. Trans. Faraday Soc. 48, 176–185 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teorell, T.: Zur quantitativen Behandlung der Membranpermabilität. Z. Elektrochem. 55, 460–469 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teorell, T.: Transport processes and electrical phenomena in ionic membranes. Progr. Biophys. 3, 305–369 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ussing, H.H.: Some aspects of the application of tracers in permeability studies. Adv. Enzymol. 13, 21–65 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ussing, H.H.: Transport of Electrolytes and Water across Epithelia. The Harvey Lectures. Series 59, pp. 1–30. New York: Academic Press 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, N.A.: Membrane Transport: Theoretical Background. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 2 A (U. Lüttge, M.G. Pittman, eds.), pp. 36–52. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, J.: Irreversible thermodynamics in engineering. Ind. Eng. Chem. 58, 55–60 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedner, G., Woermann, D.: Transport coefficients of an ion exchange membrane and their concentration dependance. Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem. 79, 868–878 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woermann, D.: Transport processes across membranes with narrow pores. In: Membrane Transport in Plants ( U. Zimmermann, J. Dainty, eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin ·Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Woermann, D. (1976). Mass Transport across Membranes. In: Stocking, C.R., Heber, U. (eds) Transport in Plants III. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66417-5_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66417-5_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66419-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66417-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics