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The Slow Infection Caused by Visna Virus

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Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 72))

Abstract

In 1954, the late Bjorn Sigurdsson drew attention to an unusual class of slow infection distinguished by a prolonged incubation period and a protracted symptomatic phase. Sigurdsson’s concept of slow infection resulted from his observations on the natural history of a group of diseases of Icelandic sheep. In this review, the focus is on one of these diseases, visna, as a prototype of slow infections caused by viruses, and as a paradigm of the challenging questions raised by slow infections: the persistence of virus in the face of the host’s defensive response, the strikingly slow pace of replication of virus, and the basis of the tissue lesions. Because visna virus is closely related to RNA tumor viruses, these central issues are discussed against the background of the structure and replication of RNA tumor viruses. In particular, the hypothesis is advanced here that the persistence of visna virus is the consequence of its ability, held in common with RNA tumor viruses, to transfer its genetic information to a DNA replica, or provirus, that resides in the cell and allows the virus to elude the host defensive response.

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Abbreviations

cDNA:

complementary DNA

CNS:

central nervous system

Cot:

product of concentration of DNA x time of reaction

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

DIP:

defective interfering particle

dNTP:

deoxynucleotide triphosphate

ds:

double-stranded

dT:

deoxythymidine

m:

messenger

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PPV:

progressive pneumonia virus

rA:

riboadenylic acid

RNase:

ribonuclease

RSV:

Rous sarcoma virus

RTase:

RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase)

SCP:

sheep choroid plexus

ss:

single-stranded

Td:

transformation-defective

T m :

melting temperature

tRNA:

transfer RNA

ts:

temparature-sensitive

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  1. Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA

    Ashley T. Haase

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    Ashley T. Haase

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  4. London, UK

    J. H. Humphrey

  5. Copenhagen, Denmark

    O. Maaløe

  6. GieĂźen, Germany

    R. Rott

  7. Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    H. G. Schweiger

  8. Rehovot, Israel

    M. Sela

  9. Prague, Czech Republic

    L. SyruÄŤek

  10. Los Angeles, USA

    P. K. Vogt

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© 1975 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

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Haase, A.T. (1975). The Slow Infection Caused by Visna Virus. In: Arber, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 72. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66289-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66289-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66291-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66289-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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