Skip to main content

Hypolipidemic Agents

  • Chapter
Hypolipidemic Agents

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown that coronary heart disease tends to be associated with hyperlipemia. The typing of hyperlipemic states by Fredrickson et al. (1967) has been adopted, with a slight modification, by the World Health Organisation (cf. Beaumont et al., 1970). According to this classification, hyperlipo-proteinemia may be characterized by abnormally high levels of plasma cholesterol or triglycerides, or both.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acheson, J., Hutchinson, E.C.: Controlled trial of clofibrate in cerebral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 15, 177–183 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adachi, S., Matsuzawa, Y., Yokomura, T., Ishikawa, K., Uhara, S., Yamamoto, A., Nishikawa, M.: Drug-induced lipidosis (V). Changes in the lipid composition of rat liver and spleen following the administration of hexestrol bi(2-diethylaminoethoxy) ether. Lipids 7, 1–7 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlquist, R.P.: A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Amer. J. Physiol. 153, 586–600 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfin-Slater, R. B., Aftergood, L.: Lipids and the pill. Lipids, 6, 693–705 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altschul, R., Hoffer, A., Stephen, J. D.: Influence of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol in man. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 54, 558–559 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, R., Holmberg, S., Svedmyr, N., Aberg, G.: Adrenergic α and β receptors in coronary vessels in man. Acta med. scand. 191, 241–244 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Areskog, N.H., Adolfsson, L.: Effects of a cardio-selective β adrenergic blocker (I.C.I. 50172) at exercise in angina pectoris. Brit. med. J. 1969 II, 601–603.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariyoshi, T., Takabatake, E.: Effects of phenobarbital, ethanol and ethionine on the content and fatty acid composition of hepatic microsomal phospholipids. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20, 170–174 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, A.: Differentiation of receptors activated by catecholamines. Farmaco. Sci. 29, 79–100 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronow, W. S., Swanson, A. J.: The effect of low-nicotine cigarettes on angina pectoris. Ann. intern. Med. 71, 599–601 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assous, E., Pouget, M., Nadaud, J., Tartary, G., Henry, M., Duteil, J.: Etude d’un nouvel hypolipidémiant, le bis(hydroxy-éthyl-thio) 1–10 décane: LL 1558. I. Etude toxicologique et pharmacologique. Thérapie 27, 395–411 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astrup, P., Kjeldsen, K., Wanstrup, J.: Enhancing influence of carbon monoxide on the development of atheromatosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 7, 343–354 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astrup, P.: Pathological effects of moderate carbon monoxide exposure. Staub-Reinhalt. Luft. 32,146–150 (1972), Chem. Abs. 77, 70941 w (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Avogaro, P., Capri, C., Cazzolato, G., Pais, M., Trabuio, G. F.: Effects of the combination of nicotinic acid and propranolol in very low doses on blood lipids in man. Atherosclerosis 10, 395–400 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Azarnoff, D. L., Tucker, D.R., Barr, G.A.: Studies with ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate). Metab. Clin. Exp. 14, 959–965 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach, F. L., Barclay, J. C., Kende, F., Cohen, E.: Nonsteroidal hypocholesterolemic agents. II. The synthesis and serum cholesterol lowering properties of 4-(2’-dialkylaminoalkoxy)-4’substituted biphenyls. J. med. Chem. 11, 987 993 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, D. M., Wood, D., Johnson, R. E., Mcauliff, J. P., Bradford, J. C., Arnold, A.: Lowering of serum lipid levels by “masked” nicotinic acid derivatives. J. med. Chem. 15, 344–348 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barboriak, J. J., Friedberg, H. D.: Propranolol and hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 17, 31–35 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, B. O.: The coronary drug project. J. Amer. med. Ass. 221, 918 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, N., Pease, B.S.: Effects of 5-methoxyindol-2-carboxylic acid on carbohydrate metabolism. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 1093–1101 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont, J. L., Carlson, L.A., Cooper, G.R., Fejfar, Z., Fredrickson, D. S., Strasser, T.: Classification of hyperlipidemias and hyperlipoproteinemias. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 43, 891–908 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechtol, L. D., Warner, W. L.: Dextrothyroxine for lowering serum cholesterol. Analysis of data on 6066 patients. Angiology 20, 565–579 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bencze, W. L., Destevens, G.: Chemical control of hormone action and fertility. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 136, 487–522 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bencze, W.L., Hess, R., Destevens, G. Hypolipidemic agents. In: Jucker, E. (Ed.): Progress Drug Res., Vol. 13, pp. 217–292. Basel: Birkhaeuser 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bencze, W.L., Kisis, B., Puckett, R.T., Finch, N.: The absolute configuration of a hypolipidemic 1-aryl tetralin, nafenopin. Tetrahedron 26, 5407–5414 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benes, P., Menzel, P., Oertel, G. W.: Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by steroids. II. Effects of 17-oxo-C 19-steroids upon human placental glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J. Steroid Biochem. 1, 291–293 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benes, P., Freund, R., Menzel, P., Starka, L., Oertel, G. W.: Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by steroids. I. Effects of 3-hydroxy-o5-steroids of the C 19 and C21-series upon human red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J. Steroid Biochem. 1, 287 290 (1970a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, F. M., Douglas, J. F., Lu, G. G., Ludwig, B. J.: Effect of N-y-phenylpropyl-N-benzyloxy acetamide (W-1372) and of clofibrate on the lipids of normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 132, 293–297 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, F. M., Douglas, J. F., Lu, G. G., Ludwig, B. J.: The effect of N-y-phenylpropyl-N-benzyloxy acetamide (W-1372) and clofibrate on lipid deposits induced in rats by a high fat diet. Fed. Proc. 29, 385 abs. 790 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowrrz, D.: Clinical experiences with two new lipid lowering agents. Circulation 40 (Suppl. III), 44 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkson, D. M., Stamler, J., Lindberg, H. A., Miller, W. A., Stevens, E. L., Soyugenc, R., Tokich, T. J., Stamler, R.: Heart rate: An important risk factor for coronary mortality.—Tenyear experience of the Peoples Gas Co. In: Jones, R. J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proc. 2nd Internat. Symp., pp. 382–389. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieck, P., Fingerhut, M., Westermann, E.: Adenosinderivate als Hemmstoffe der Lipolyse in vivo. Naunyn-Schmiederbergs Arch. Pharm. 264, 217–218 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bizzi, L., Grossi, E.: The evaluation of 3-pyridineacetic acid as a hypocholesterolemic substance. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 11, 265–266 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, J. W.: The predictive value of animal tests in relation to drugs affecting the cardiovascular system in man. In: Wolstenholme, G., Porter, R. (Eds.): Drug responses in man. Symposium at the CIBA Foundation, pp. 111–124. London: Churchill 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. L., Rodney, G., Capps, D. B.: Simultaneous inhibition of alternative pathways of cholesterol biosynthesis by two related hypocholesterolemic agents. Biochem. Pharmacol. 17, 1803–1814 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blohm, T. R.: Atherosclerosis. Chapter 16. In: Heinzelman, R. V. (Ed.): Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.7, pp. 169–181. New York: Academic Press 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boberg, J., Carlson, L. A., Froeberg, S. O., Oroe, L.: Effect of a hypolipidemic drug (CH 13437) on plasma and tissue lipids, and on the intravenous fat tolerance in man. Atherosclerosis 11, 353–360 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borensztajn, J., Wissler, R.W., Rubenstein, A.H.: Regulation of rat heart and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Diabetes 21 (Suppl. I), 344 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, G. S., Lawson, M. E.: Studies on the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids in liver: cholesterol-7a-hydroxylase. In: Jones, R.J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis. Proc. 2nd Internat. Symp., pp. 286–289. Berlin-New York-Heidelberg: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brattgard, S.O., Brattsand, R., Harthon, J.G.L.: Resorption, Blutspiegel und Ausscheidung von Meso-inositol-14C-hexanikotinat nach peroraler Gabe an Katzen. Arzeimittel-Forsch. 16, 145–146 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brattsand, R., Lundholm, L.: The effect of nicotinic acid and pentaerythritol tetranicotinate upon experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Atherosclerosis 14, 91–105 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, T., Hechter, O.: Comparative study of hormonal regulation of adenyl cyclase activity in rat and rabbit fat cell membranes. In: Jeanrenaud, B., Hepp, D. (Eds.): Adipose tissue, regulation and metabolic functions, pp. 11–19. Stuttgart: Thieme 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, G., Brenner, H.: Die Einwirkung von Xanthinolnikotinat auf den Stoffwechsel des Gehirns. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 22, 754–759 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgman, J. F., Rosen, S. M., Thorp, J. M.: Complications during clofibrate treatment of nephrotic syndrome hyperlipoproteinemia. Lancet 1972II 506–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P., Baddeley, H., Read, A. E., Davifs, J. D., Mcgarry, J.: Sclerosing peritonitis, an unsusual reaction to a β adrenergic blocking drug (practolol). Lancet 1974II 1477–1481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, R.A., Cobb, L.A., Williams, R.H.: Effects of exercise and isoproterenol on free fatty acids and carbohydrates in cardiac patients. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 241, 59–67 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner, H., Hedwall, P.R., Meier, M.: General concepts in the use of ß-blockers: The relative roles of specific and nonspecific effects. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharm. 269, 219–231 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, R.W.: The second messenger concept and lipid metabolism. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharm. 269, 358–372 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey, J.B., Williams, G.: Relief of the pruritus of jaundice with a bile-acid sequestering resin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 176, 432–435 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L.A.: Inhibition of the mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 131, 119–142 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L.A., Ekelun, L. G., Oroe, L.: Clinical and metabolic effects of different doses of prostaglandin Ei in man. Acta med. scand. 183, 423–430 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L. A., Hedbom, C., Helgstrand, E., Sjoeberg, B., Stjernstrom, N. E.: Pyridines affecting FFA (free fatty acid) mobilization in vivo. In: Holmes, W. L. (Ed.): Advan. Exp. Med. Biol., Vol.4, pp. 85–92. New York: Plenum Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L.A., Butcher, R. W., Micheli, H.: Fat moblilizing lipolysis and levels of cyclic AMP in human and dog adipose tissue. Acta med. scand. 187, 525–528 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L. A., Hedbom, C., Helgstrand, E., Misiorny, A., Sjoeberg, B., Stjernstrom, N. E., Westin, G.: Potential hypolipidemic agents. 1. Synthesis of esters realated to 5-fluoro-and 5chloronicotinic acid and the corresponding alcohols. Effects on noradrenaline-stimulated free fatty acid mobilization. Acta Pharm. Suec. 9, 221–228 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cenedella, R. J.: Effects of Su-13437, a new hypolipidemic drug upon lipogenesis in vivo. Pharmacologist 12, 238 abs. 217 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charman, R. C., Matthews, L. B., Braeuler, C.: Nicotinic acid in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. A long-term study. Angiology 23, 29–35 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chibata, E., Okumura, K., Takeyama, S., Kotera, K.: Lentinacin: a new hypocholesterolemic substance in Lentinus edodes. Experientia (Basel) 25, 1237–1238 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, T.H., Vahouny, G. V., Treadwell, C. R.: Dietary inhibition of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits by 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid. J. Atheroscler. Res. 10, 217–227 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conney, A.H.: Pharmacological implications of microsomal enzyme induction. Pharm. Rev. 19, 317–366 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, W. E.: The effects of dietary lipid and sterols on the sterol balance. In: Jones, R. J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proc. 2nd Internat., Symp., pp.253 261. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J.D., Krebs, G.: A cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase in adipose tissue. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 36, 328–336 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J. D., Reimann, E. M., Walsh, D. A., Krebs, E.G.: Activation of adipose tissue lipase by skeletal muscle cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate-stimulated protein kinase. J. biol. Chem. 245, 4849–4851 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: The Coronary Drug Project. Initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol. J. Amer. med. Ass. 214, 1303–1313 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: The Coronary Drug Project. Findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine. J. Amer. med. Ass. 220, 996–1008 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: The Coronary Drug Project. Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5 mg/day estrogen group. J. Amer. med. Ass. 226, 652–657 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. J. Amer. med. Ass. 231, 360–381(1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Council On Drugs of the American Medical Association: Evaluation of a hypocholesterolemic drug. Dextrothyroxine sodium (Choloxin). J. Amer. med. Ass. 208, 1014–1015 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, G. M.: A comparison of clofibrate and its derivative methyl clofenapate. Atherosclerosis 15, 265–271(1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, G. M., Walton, K. W.: Clinical trial of methyl clofenapate (a derivative of clofibrate) in patients with essential hyperlipidemias. Atherosclerosis 15, 189–198 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cratnetter, D., Geizerova, H.: Effect of clofibrate on lipoprotein lipase. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 193, 73–79 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, C., Van Trabert, T. C., Dwyer, J. X.: Relationship of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid to hypolipidemia. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 2609–2619 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, C., Verebely, K.: Hypotriglyceridemic activity of 5,5-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH). J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 180, 484–491 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, S., Pearce, M. L., Hashimoto, S., Dixon, W. J., Tomiyasu, U.: A controlled clinical trial of a diet high in unsaturated fat. Circulation 40 (Suppl. 2), 1–63 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deduve, C., Baudhuin, P.: Peroxisomes (microbodies and related particles). Physiol. Rev. 46, 323–357 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, H. A., Oliver, M. F.: Secondary prevention trials using clofibrate: A joint commentary on the Newcastle and Scottish trials. Brit. med. J. 1971I, 784–786.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, H. A.: Long-term therapy of ischemic heart disease. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 22, 1835–1840 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dingman, J. F.: Treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia with metyrapone. New Engl. J. Med. 286, 1214–1215 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dole, V. P.: Effect of nucleic acid metabolites on lipolysis adipose tissue. J. biol. Chem. 236, 3125–3130 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, C. H., Best, M. M.: Stimulation of hepatic synthesis of fatty acids by clofibrate and by a tetralin phenoxyisobutyric acid. Circulation 40 (Suppl. 3), 6 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, C. H., Best, M. M.: Effects of a phenolic ether, Su-13437, on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and transaminase levels of human subjects. Circulation 42, 859–856 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ederer, F., Leren, P., Turpeinen, O., Frantz, I. D.: Cancer among men on cholesterol-lowering diets. Lancet 1971II 203–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgren, R. A., Jones, R. C., Peterson, D. L.: Biological classification of progestational agents. Fertil. and Steril. 18, 238–256 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial: Serum uric acid and coronary heart disease. Lancet 1969I, 358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Efendic, S.: Influence of prostaglandin E, on lipolysis induced by noradrenaline, isopropyladrenaline, theophylline, and dibutyryl c-AMP in human omental adipose tissue in vitro. Acta med. scand. 187, 503–507 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabian, H. E. M., Chemerinsky, E., Merlo, A. B., Izquierdo, J. A.: Effect of propranolol on free fatty acids of mice plasma during passive avoidance test. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 30, 369–374 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, H. J., Adams, L. L., Lamb, R. G.: A review of studies on the mode of action of clofibrate and β-benzalbutyrate. Lipids 7, 106–109 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faloon, W. W., Rubulis, A., Rubert, M.: Cholesterol lowering and fecal bile acid and neutral sterol alteration during oral neomycin. Clin. Res. 17, 158 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, J. D.: Experimental approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease. Postgrad. med. J. 47, 36–43 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest, W.A.: A total of 254 cases of angina pectoris treated with oxprenolol in hospital practice—a monitored release study. Brit. J. clin. Pract. 26, 217–222 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R.I., Lees, R. S.: Fat transport. An integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders. New Engl. J. Med. 276, 32–44, 94–103,148–156, 215–226, 273–281 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freyss-Beguin, M., Van Russel, E., Lechat, P.: Comparative effect of pyridinecarboxylic and piperidinecarboxylic acids on the serum fatty acid content of rats treated with triton WR-1339. Therapie 25, 857–862 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara, M., Itokava, Y., Uchino, H., Inoue, K.: Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of a sulfur-containing amino acid, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, isolated from cabbage. Experientia (Basel) 28, 254–255 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukami, M., Williamson, J.R.: On the mechanism of inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by 4-pentenoic acid in rat liver mitochondria. J. biol. Chem. 246, 1206–1212 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima, H., Toki, K., Nakatani, H.: The effect of N-(a-methylbenzyl) linoleamide on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 9, 57–64 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton Jr., J. E., Hsia, S. L.: Lipid synthesis in human skin and its suppression by ethyl 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionate (clofibrate). Circulation (Suppl. 3) 9 (1969). Furman, R.H.: Endocrine factors in atherogenesis. In: Schettler, F.G., Boyd, G.S. (Eds.): Atherosclerosis, pp. 375–454. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Gagliardino, E. P., De Yashan, A. M. G., Montuori, E., Gagliardino, J. J.: Effect of a potent hypolipemic agent on glycogen metabolism. Experientia (Basel) 28, 579–580 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gailani, S., Holland, J. F., Glick, A.: Effects of boxidine on human sterols and neoplasms. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 13, 91–96 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galimberti, P., Deeranceschi, A.: Synthesis of some a-derivatives of isobutyric acid. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 77, 431–438 (1947); Chem. Abs. 42, 336 li (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaut, Z. N., Pocelinko, R., Solomon, H. M., Thomas, G. B.: Oral glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and uric acid excretion in man during chronic administration of nicotinic acid. Metabolism 20, 1031–1035 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerritsen, G. C., Dulin, W. E.: Development of tachyphylaxis to the antilipolytic, hypoglycemic agent 5-methyl-pyrazol-3-carboxylic acid, U-19425. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 126, 524–527 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillis, R.A., Melville, K.J.: Cardiac adrenergic mechanisms in rabbits with experimentally produced coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 15, 71–76 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgini, D., Porcellati, G.: Inhibition of liver cholesterol biosynthesis by butyric acid derivatives. Farmaco (Pavia) Ed. Sci. 24, 392–401 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, C. J., Swanson, F., Steiner, P.: Estrogens and progestins: opposite effects in patients with hyperlipidemia. Clin. Res. 18, 624 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, C. J.: Effects of oxandrolone on plasma triglycerides and postheparin lipolytic activity in patients with types III, IV and V familial hyperlipoproteinemia. Metab. clin. Exp. 20, 691–702 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, C. J., Scheel, D., Fishback, J., Steiner, P.: Progestagens, anabolic-androgenic compounds, estrogens: Effects on triglycerides and postheparin lipolytic enzymes. Lipids 7, 110–113 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, C. J., Scheel, D., Fischback, J., Steiner, P.: Estrogen-induced pancreatitis in patients with previously covert familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia. Metabolism clin. Exp. 21, 657–666 (1972a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfischer, S., Biempica, L., Kosower, N.: Inhibition by ethyl a-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (atromid S) of experimental porphyria induced by a single injection of allylisopropylacetamide. Lab. Invest. 26, 476 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, J. R.: Carbon monoxide and coronary heart disease. Ann. intern. Med. 71, 199–201 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, De Witt, S., Noble, R. P.: Turnover of plasma cholesterol in man. J. clin. Invest. 47, 231–241 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, S., Cekleniak, W. P.: 1-(2-[4’(trifluoromethyl)-4-biphenyloxy]ethyl)pyrrolidine. A potent hypocholesterolemic agent. J. med. Chem. 11, 993–996 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, R. G., Swyryd, E. A., Coan, B. J., Avoy, D. R.: Effect of chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) on liver composition and triglyceride synthesis in rats. J. Atheroscler. Res. 6, 555–564 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grisar, J. M., Parker, R. A., Karya, T., Blohm, T. R., Fleming, R. W.; Petrow, V., Wenstrup, D. L., Johnson, R. G.: Treloxinate and related hypolipidemic 12 H-Dibenzo[d,g][1,3]dioxocin-6-carboxylate derivatives. J. med. Chem. 15, 1273–1278 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grundy, S. M., Ahrens, Jr., E. H.: The effects of unsaturated dietary fats on absorption, excretion, synthesis and distribution of cholesterol in man. J. clin. Invest. 49, 1135–1152 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grundy, S. M., Ahrens, Jr., E. H., Salen, G., Schreibman, P. H., Nestel, P. J.: Mechanism of action of clofibrate on cholesterol metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia. J. Lipid Res. 13, 531–551 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J. G., Sullivan, A. C., Gutierrez, M., Miller, O. N.: The effect of some analogs of nicotinic acid on the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in rat liver. Fed. Proc. 30, 519 (Abstr. 1810 ) (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, G., Forster, G.: Clinical evaluation of a new hypolipidemic drug, CIBA 13437-SU. J. Atheroscler. Res. 10, 235–246 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havel, R.J.: Catecholamines. In: Paoletti, R., Destevens, G. (Eds.): Lipid pharmacology, Vol.2 of: Medicinal Chemistry. New York: Academic Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazzard, W.R., Spiger, M.J., Bagdade, J.D., Bierman, E. L.: Studies on the mechanism of increased plasma triglyceride levels induced by oral contraceptives. New Engl. J. Med. 280, 471–474 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heady, J. A.: A cooperative trial on the primary prevention of ischemic heart disease using clofibrate: design, methods, and progress. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 48, 243–256 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, H., Goossens, N., Keil-Kuri, E., Zollner, R., Meyer, A.: Ober die Wirkung von Pyridinolcarbamat auf Blutgerinnung and Thrombolyse bei Patienten mit obliterierender Arteriopathie. Vasa 1, 206–211 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R., Bencze, W. L.: Hypolipidemic properties of a new tetralin derivative (CIBA 13437-SU). Experientia (Basel) 24, 418–419 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R., Maier, R., Staeubli, W.: Evaluation of phenolic ethers as hypolipidemic agents. Effects of CIBA 13437-SU. In: Holmes, W. L. (Ed.): Drugs affecting lipid metabolism. Advanc. Exp. Med. Biol., Vol.4, pp. 483–489. New York: Plenum Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R., Staeubli, W., Riess, W.: Nature of the hepatomegalic effect produced by ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate in the rat. Nature (Lond.) 208, 856–858 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holcomb, G. N.: Antidiabetics. In: Cain, C. K. (Ed.): Annual reports in medicinal chemistry, 1968, pp. 164–177. New York: Academic Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, G. F., Pereira, J. N.: Heterocyclic tetrazoles, a new class of lipolysis inhibitors. J. med. Chem. 10, 149–154 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, G. F., Pereira, J. N.: Tibric acid: A new, structurally distinct, hypolipidemic agent. Abs. Papers, Am. Chem. Soc. 168th Meet. MEDI 30 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollobaugh, S. L., Kruger, F. A., Hamwi, G. J.: The effect of a pyrazole derivative on plasma free fatty acids in man. Metab. clin. Exp. 16, 996–1000 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, W. L.: Drugs affecting lipid synthesis. In: Paoletti, R. (Ed.): Lipid Pharmacology, Vol.2 of Medicinal Chemistry. Desteyens,G. (Ed.), pp. 131–184. New York: Academic Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horlick, L., Kudchodkar, B. J., Sodhi, H.S.: Mode of action of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid on cholesterol metabolism in man. Circulation 43, 299–309 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hucker, H. B., Grady, L. T., Michniewicz, B. M., Stauffer, S.C., White, S. E., Maha, G. E., McMahon, E.G.: Metabolism of a new hypolipidemic agent, 2-acetamidoethyl alpha-(pchlorophenyl)- alpha-(m-trifluoromethylphenoxy)acetate (halofenate) in the rat, dog, rhesus monkey and man. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 179, 359–371(1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huttunen, J. K., Steinberg, D., Mayer, S. E.: Protein kinase activation and phosphorylation of a purified hormone sensitive lipase. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 41, 1350–1356 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Illiano, G., Cuatrecasas, P.: Endogenous prostaglandins modulate lipolytic processes in adipose tissue. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 234, 72–74 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imai, Y., Matsumura, H., Tamura, S., Shimamoto, K.: Biological studies of AT-308. Part 2. Hypocholesterolemic effect of At-308, a new derivative of 1,2,4-oxadiazole, in rats. Atherosclerosis 17, 131–137 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenner, S., Netter, K. J.: On the inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism by SKF 525A. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 1921–1927 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jepson, E. M., Small, E., Grayson, M. F., Bance, G., Billimoria, J. D.: A comparative study of a new drug MK 185 with clofibrate in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. Atherosclerosis 16, 9–14 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, G.: Effect of cholestyramine and diet on hydroxylations in the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Europ. J. Biochem. 17, 292–295 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Julia, M., Baillarge, M., Tchernoff, G.: Sur quelque nouveaux derives aryloxyisobutyriques et apparentes. Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1956, 776–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamya, T., Saiton, Y., Hashimoto, M., Seki, H.: Structure and synthesis of lentysine, a new hypocholesterolemic substance. Tetrahadron Letters 1969, 4729–4732.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappas, A., Bradlow, H. L., Gillette, P. N., Levere, R. C., Gallagher, T. F.: A defect of steroid hormone metabolism in acute intermittent porphyria. Fed. Proc. 31, 1293–1297 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karia, T., Grisar, J. M., Wiech, N. L., Blohm, T.R.: Hypocholesterolemic indole-2-carboxylic acids. J. med. Chem. 15, 659–662 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kekki, M., Nikkilae, E. A.: Plasma triglyceride turnover during use of oral contraceptives. Metab. Clin. Exp. 20, 878–889 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khachadurian, A. K.: The effect of clofibrate (Atromid S) on the plasma lipids and lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipidemias. Abstracts 3rd International symposium on drugs affecting lipid metabolism, p. 136, Milan, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Khandekar, J. D., Garg, B. D., Kovacs, K.: Beloxamide effects on the liver ultrastructure in rats. Arch. Path. 92, 221–230 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen, K., Astrup, P., Wanstrup, J.: Reversal of rabbit atheromatosis by hyperoxia. J. Atheroscler. Res. 10, 173–178 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen, K., Wanstrup, J., Astrup, P.: Enhancing influence of arterial hypoxia on the development of atheromatosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 8, 835–845 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klainer, L. M., Chi, Ym., Freidberg, S. L., Rall, T. W., Sutherland, E. W.: Adenylcyclase. IV. The effects of neurohormones on the formation of adenosine-3’,5’-phosphate by preparations form brain and other tissues. J. biol. Chem. 237, 1239–1243 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayasi, T.: Fine structure of arteriosclerosis induced in rabbit aorta by epinephrine and thyroxine. Acta. path. microbiol. scand. 76, 193–202 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krasno, L. R., Kidera, G. J.: Clofibrate in coronary heart disease. Effect of morbidity and mortality. J. Amer. med. Ass. 219, 845–851 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A.: Linolexamide (N-cyclohexyl linoleamide) in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 7, 527–530 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D.: The use of pharmalogic agents in atherosclerosis therapy. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 149, 1058–1068 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Sallata, P., Tepper, S.A.: Effect of D-thyroxine on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Comparison of two preparations. G. Arterioscler. 6, 267–269 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Sallata, P., Tepper, S.A.: Influence of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) on establishment and progression of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 8, 755–761 (1968a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Sallata, P., Tepper, S.A.: Effect of N-cyclohexyl linoleamide on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 127, 132–135 (1968b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Sallata, P., Tepper, S.A.: Effect of N-gamma-phenylpropyl-N-benzyloxy-acetamide (W-1372) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 132, 303–306 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S. A.: Influence of 2-methyl-2- [(p-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl)phenoxy] propionic acid on the oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria. Experientia (Basel) 25, 699–700 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., Sallata, P., Kabakjian, J.R., Christofalo, V. J.: Effect of the ethyl ester and sodium salt of alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid on cholesterol oxidation by rat liver mitochondria. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 132, 76–82 (1969a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S. A.: Oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria: Effect of Ngamma-phenylpropyl-N-benzyloxy-acetamide (W-1372, Wallace). Arzneimittel-Forsch. 20, 584–585 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A.: Influence of pyridinolcarbamate on oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 21, 146–147 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., Vesselinovitch, D., Wissler, R. W.: Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. Part II. Peanut oil. Atherosclerosis 14, 53–64 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Kim, H. K., Tepper, S.A.: Influence of 4,4’-(isopropylidenedithio) bis (2,6-ditert: butylphenol) (DH-581) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbit. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 136, 1216–1221 (1971a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A.: Effect of 2-acetamidoethyl-(p-chiorophenyl), (m-trifluoromethylphenoxy)acetate (halofenate) on cholesterol oxidation by rat liver mitochondria. Proc. Soc. exp. Bid. (N.Y.) 139, 1284–1287 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S. A.: The influence of 1,1- bis [4’-(1 “-carboxy-1”-methylpropoxy)-phenyl] cyclohexane (a new aryloxy compound, S-8527) on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Atherosclerosis 18, 93–99 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kupiecki, F. P.: Stimulation of lipolysis by inhibition of lipid mobilization. Fed. Proc. 29, 879 abs. 3704 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurup, C. K.R., Aithal, H. N., Ramasarma, T.: Increase in hepatic mitochondria on administration of ethyl alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate to the rat. Biochem. J. 116, 773–779 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, D. M. D.:Beta blockers and life expectancy in ischemic heart disease. Lancet 1972 I, 793–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langner, T., Levy, R.I.: Accute muscular syndrome associated with administration of clofibrate. New Engl. J. Med. 279, 856–858 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassers, B. W., Wahlqvist, M. L., Kaijser, L., Carlson, L.A.: Relationship in man between free fatty acids and myocardial metabolism of carbohydrate substrates. Lancet 1971 II 448–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, R. J., Levey, G.S.: Norepinephrine: Dissociation of beta receptor binding from adenylate cyclase activation in solubilized myocardium. Life Sci. 11, part II, 821–828 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lengsfeld, H., Gey, K. F.: Mechanism of the plasma cholesterol depression in fasted rats by beta-pyridylcarbinol. In: Berg, G. (Ed.): Hyperlipidaemien, Symposium 1970. p. 82–90. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenz, P. H., Fleischman, A. I.: Hypolipidemic effect of 2-methyl-2 p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)phenoxy propionic acid (Su-13437) in rats with natural endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Lipids 6, 783–785 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, A.S., White, F. C., Bloor, C. M., Saviano, M. A.: Reduced myocardial fibrosis after dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Amer. J. med. Sci. 261, 41–45 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levey, G. S., Epstein, S. E.: Myocardial adenyl cyclase. Activation by thyroid hormones and evidence for two adenyl cyclase systems. J. clin. Invest. 48, 1663–1669 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, I.: Angina pectoris. A clinical study with special reference to neurosurgical treatment. Acta med. scand. Suppl. 243, 11–203 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipson, M. J., Naimi, S., Proger, S.: Synergistic effect of propranolol and nicotinic acid on the inhibition of plasma free fatty acid release in the dog. Circulation Res. 28, 270–276 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd-Mostyn, R. H., Lefevre, D., Lord, P.S., Doig, E., Krikler, D. M.: The effects of beta adrenergic blocking agents on serum lipids. Atherosclerosis 14, 283–287 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotti, B., Vezzosi, O.: Derivati pirazolici ad attivita ipoglicemizzante Farmaco (Pavia) Ed. Sci. 27, 313–316 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovrien, F. C., Steele, A. A., Brown, J. D., Stone, D. B.: Effect of amitriptyline On lipolyiS and cyclic AMP concentration in isolated fat cell. Metab. clin. Exp. 21, 223–229 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, B.J., Duersch, F., Auerbach, M., Tomeczek, K., Berger, T. M.: The synthesis of hydroxylamine derivatives possessing hypocholesterolemic activity. J. med. Chem. 10, 556–564 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malinow, M.R., Mclaughlin, P., Perley, A.: The effects of pyridinolcarbamate on induced atherosclerosis in cynomulgus monkeys (Macaca ira). Atherosclerosis 15, 31–36 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malinow, M. R., Perley, A., Mclaughlin, P.: The effects of pyridinolcarbamate on aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciurea). J. Atheroscler. Res. 8, 455–461(1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, J.R., Shelburne, J.C.: Propranolol-induced decrease in the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. Science 175, 1372–1373 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maragoudakis, M. E., Hankin, H., Wasvary, J. M.: On the mode of action of lipid lowering agents. VII. In vivo inhibition and reversible binding of hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by hypolipidemic drugs. J. biol. Chem. 247, 342–347 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maragoudakis, M. E., Hankin, H., Wasvary, J. M.: Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibition in genetically obese mice. Fed. Proc. 31, 475 abs. 1468 (1972a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmo, E., Imperatore, A., Caputi, A., Cataldi, S.: Sugli effetti ipocolesterolemizzanti ed ipolipidemizzanti del p-clorofenossi-alpha-isobutirrato di 3-idrossimetilpiridina cloridato. Farmaco (Pavia) Ed. Prat. 26, 557–584 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marmorston, J., Moore, F. J., Hopkins, C. E., Kuzma, O.T., Weiner, J.: Clinical studies of long term estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 110, 400–408 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroko, P.R., Kjekshus, J. K., Sobel, B. E., Watanabe, T., Cowell, J. W., Ross, J. Jr., Braunwald, E.: Factors influencing infarct size following experimental coronary artery occlusion. Circulation 43, 67–82 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuzaki, F., Komiyama, M., Shizume K.: Hypotriglyceridemic action of synthetic ACTH. Endocr. Jap. 18, 511–516 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson, F.H., Volpenheim, R. A.: Hydrolysis of fully esterified alcohols containing from one to eight hydroxyl groups by the lipolytic enzymes of rat pancreatic juice. J. Lipid Res. 13, 325–328 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • May, B., Leinweber, W.: Antilipolytic action of phenylisopropyl adenosine in man. NaunynSchmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. 269, 467–468 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, S., Moran, N.C., Fain, J.: The effect of adrenergic blocking agents on some metabolic actions of catecholamines. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 134, 18–27 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mcdewitt, D.G., Shanks, R. G., Hadden, D.R., Montgomery, D.A.D., Weaver, J. A.: The role of the thyroid in the control of heart rate. Lancet 1968 I 998–1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, D. A. D., Topham, J. C.: A comparison of mouse and rat liver enzymes and their response to treatment with various compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 1025–1029 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mead, J. F.: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as potential toxic factors. Chem. Technol. 1972, 70–71 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen, T. A.: Drugs affecting bile acid and cholesterol excretion. In: Jones, R. J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proc. 2nd Internat. Symp., pp. 508–515, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen, T. A.: Mode of action of a new hypocholesterolemic drug (DH-581) in familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 15, 163–176 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen, M., Karvonen, M.J., Turpeinen, O., Elosno, R., Paavilainen, E.: Effect of cholesterol lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart-disease and other causes. Lancet 1972 II 835–838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moettoenen, M., Pantio, M., Nieminen, L.: Enzyme histochemical observations on the effect of pyridinolcarbamate on cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 15, 77–82 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, J.P., Bianchine, J.R., Hsu, T. H., Margolis, S.: Hypolipidemic, uricosuric and thyroxine-displacing effects of MK-185 (Halofenate). Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 12, 517–524 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, L.R.: Nicotinic acid side effects and toxicity. A review. Amer. J. Psychiat. 126, 1290–1296 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mrhova, O., Grafenetter, D., Janda, J., Linhart, J.: Effect of atromid-S On the activity of vascular enzymes in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 20, 3069–3076 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, H., Ayres, S. M., Gianelli, S. Jr., Conklin, E. F., Mazzara, J. T., Grace, W. J.: Cardiac performance and metabolism in shock due to acute myocardial infarction in man: Response to catecholamines and mechanical cardiac assist. Transactions N.Y. Acad. Sci. Ser.II, 34, 309–333 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, H.S., Ayres, S.M., Religa, A., Evans, R.G.: Propranolol in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Effect on myocardial oxygenation. Circulation 49, 1078–1087 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani, H., Aono, S., Suzuki, Y., Fukushima, H., Nakamura, Y., Toki, K.: The effect of (-)Na [Phenyl-β-(p-tolyl)ethyl] linoleamide on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 12, 307–311 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani, H., Fukushima, H., Wakimura, A., Endo, M.: N-cyclohexyl linoleamide: Metabolism and cholesterol-lowering effects in rats. Science 153, 1267–1269 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nazir, D. J., Horlick, L., Kudchodkar, B. J., Sodhi, H.S.: Mechanism of action of cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 46, 95–102 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nestel, P. J.: Practolol in the treatment of ischemic heart pain: results of a controlled trial. Med. J. Aust. 59 I, 1033–1035 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nestel, P. J., Austin, W.: The effect of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) on the uptake of triglyceride fatty acids, activity of lipoprotein lipase and lipogenesis from glucose in fat tissue of rats. J. Atheroscler. Res. 8, 827–833 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netter, K. J., Jenner, J., Kaiuscuke, K.: Über die Wirkung von Metyrapon auf den mikrosomalen Arzneimittelabbau. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 259, 1–16 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuworth, M. B., Laufer, R.J., Barnhart, J.W., Sefranka, J. A., Mcintosh, D. D.: Synthesis and hypocholesterolemic activity of alkylidenedithio bisphenols. J. med. Chem. 13, 722–725 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordoey, A., Roedset, J. M.: Platelet function and platelet phospholipids in patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia. Acta med. scand. 189, 385–389 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okumura, K., Oine, T., Yamada, Y., Tomie, M., Adachi, T., Nagura, T., Kawazu, M., Mizoguchi, T., Inoue, I.: Synthetic studies on eritadenine. I. Reactions of some purines with the 2,3–0-protected dihydroxybutyrolactone. J. Org. Chem. 36, 1573–1579 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okomura, K., Matsumoto, K., Fukamizu, M., Yasuo, H., Taguchi, Y., Sugimara, Y, Indue, I., Seto, M., Sato, Y., Takamura, N., Kanno, T., Kawazu, M., Mizoguchi, T., Saito, S., Takashima, K., Takayema, S.: Synthesis and hypocholesterolemic activities of eritadenine derivatives. J. med. Chem. 17, 846–855 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M. F.: Hormones. In: Schettler, F. G., Boyd, G. S. (Eds.): Atherosclerosis, pp. 865–881. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M. F.: Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction. Brit. med. J. 1970 II, 210–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M.F., Boyd, G.S.: Influence of reduction of serum lipids on prognosis of coronary heart disease. A five-year study using estrogens. Lancet 1961 II, 499–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, A.G., Oroe, L., Roessner, S.: Clinical and metabolic effects of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate (perycit) and a comparison with plain nicotinic acid. Atherosclerosis 19, 61–73 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osman, M. M., Toppozada, H. K., Ghanem, M. H., Guergis, F. K.: The effect of an oral contraceptive on serum lipids. Contraception 5, 105–118 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paget, G.A.: Experimental studies of the toxicity of atromid with particular reference to fine structural changes in livers of rodents. J. Atheroscler. Res. 3, 729–736 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palonkangas, R., Vihko, V.: Effects of noradrenaline, propranolol, and corticosterone on the concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma of the titmouse (Parus major). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 40, 813–818 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J. O., West, R. O., Case, R.B., Chiong, M.A.: Temporal relationships of myocardial lactate metabolism, left ventricular function, and S-T segment depression during angina precipitated by exercise. Circulation 40, 97–111 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, Jr. W. B.: Studies of nicotinic acid use in hypercholesterolemia. Arch. intern. Med. 107, 653–667 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, Jr. W. B.: Chemotherapy of hyperlipidemia. Mayo clin. Proc. 40, 822–829 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, M. L., Dayton, S.: Incidence of cancer in men on a diet high in polyunsaturated fat. Lancet 1971 I, 464–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, I.N., Holland, G. F.: The development of resistance to a potent lipolysis inhibitor, 3methylisoxazole-5-carboxylic acid. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 157, 381–387 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, J.N., Holland, G.F.: Studies of the mechanism of action of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB). In: Jones, R.J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proc. Int. Symp. 2nd 1969. 549–554, New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, J. N., Holland, G. F., Hochstein, F. A., Gilgore, S., Defelice, S., Pinson, R.: The pharmacology of 5-(3-pyridyl)-tetrazole, a hypocholesterolemic lipolysis inhibitor. J. Pharm. exp. Ther. 162, 148 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, J. N., Mears, G.A.: Biphasic effect of nicotinic acid on plasma FFA (free fatty acid) levels. Life Sci. 10, 1–8 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persson, B., Schroeder, G., Hood, B.: Lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue. Assay methods. Atherosclerosis 16, 37–49 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt, D. S., Cockrill, B. L.: Changes in the liver concentrations of the nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide coenzymes and in the activities of oxido-reductase enzymes following treatment of the rat with ethyl chlorophenoxy isobutyrate (Atromid S). Biochem. Pharmacol. 15, 927–935 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt, D. S., Cockrill, B. L.: Liver enlargement and hapatotoxicity: An investigation into the effects of several agents on rat liver enzyme activities. Biochem. Pharmacol. 16, 2257–2270 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponari, O., Civardi, E., Poti, R.: Action of some beta blockers on plasma fibrinolysis in vitro and in vivo in man. Arneimittel-Forsch. 22, 629–631 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preziosi, P., Loscalzo, B., Marmo, E., Miele, E.: Decrease of blood cholesterol and lipids by components with a pyridine core: Relations between structure and activity and between dosage and effectiveness. Arch. ital. Sci. Farmacol. 11, 386–389 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prichard, B. N. C., Gnllam, P. M. S.: Assessment of propranolol in angina pectoris. Clinical dose response curve and effect on electrocardiogram at rest and on exercise. Brit. Heart J. 33, 473–480 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raaflaub, J.: Zur Umwandlung von β-pyridylcarbinol in Nikotinsäure im tierischen Organismus. Experientia (Basel) 22, 258–259 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raftery, E. B.: Cutaneous and ocular rections to Practolol. Brit. med. J. 1974 IV, 653.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, L. G. S.: Urinary steroid excretion patterns after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1970 II, 390–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratti, G., Defina, E.: Effect of 3-pyridineacetic acid on serum lipids. Lancet 1959 II 917.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redel, J., Cottet, J.: Action hypocholesterolemiante de quelques acides acetiques disubstitues. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 236, 2553–2555 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riede, U. N., Ettlin, Ch., Von Allmen, R., Rohr, H. P.: Vergleichende ultrastrukturell-morphologische Untersuchung zwischen der Leberparenchymzelle der Wistarratte (Rattus norvegicus) and der Wüstenratte (Meriones crassus). Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 272, 336–350 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riegel, E.R., Zwilgmeyer, F.: Chelidonic acid. Org. Synth. coll. 2, 126–128 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodbell, M.: The fat cell in mid-term: Its past and future. In: Jeanrenaud, R., Nepp, D. (Eds.): Adipose tissue, regulation and metabolic function, pp. 1–4. Stuttgart: G.Thieme 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roessner, S., Larsson-Cohn, U., Carlson, L. A., Boberg, J.: Effects of an oral contraceptive agent on plasma lipids, plasma lipoproteins, the intravenous fat tolerance and the postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity. Acta med. scand. 190, 301–305 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokujo, T., Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Tsukitani, Y., Takenawa, T., Yoshida, K., Kamiya, T.: Lentysine. A new hypolipidemic agent from a mushroom. Life Sci. 9, II. 379–385 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rouffy, J., Loepper, J.: Effects hypolipidémiants du bis (hydroxy-2-éthylthio) 1,10-décane (LL1558). A partir de 77 observations d’hyperlipidémie essentielle. Thérapie 27, 433–444 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, M. J., Dolder, M. A., Kirby, B. J., Oliver, M. F.: Effect of a nicotine acid analogue on raised plasma free-fatty-acids after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1973 II 814–817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, M.J., Neilson, J. M. M., Oliver, M.F.: Control of ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial infarction by antilipolytic treatment using a nicotinic acid analogue. Lancet 1975I, 295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegamer, W.R., Ryan, N.T., Richert, D.A., Westerfeld, W.W.: The effects of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on the turnover rate and distribution of thyroid hormone in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 613–624 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J.R., Jain, A.K., Mcmahon, E.G.: Tibric acid treatment of hyperlipemia. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 15, 218 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, B.A., Wolfman, L.: Effect of oxandrolone on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with disorders of lipid metabolism. Metab. clin. Expt. 17, 400–410 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador, R. A., Atkins, G., Haber, S., Kozma, C., Conney, A. H.: Effect of phenobarbital and chlorcyclizine on the development of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 1975–1981 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador, R. A., Haber, S., Atkins, C., Gommi, B. W., Welch, R. M.: Effect of clofibrate and 1methyl-4-piperidyl bis (p-chlorophenoxy)acetate (Sandoz 42–348) on steroid and drug metabolism by rat liver microsomes. Life Sci. 9, part II. 397–407 (1970b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, P., Holtzman, C. M., Meilman, E., Perl, W.: Effect of neomycin on exchangeable pools of cholesterol in the steady state. J. clin. Invest. 47, 1806–1818 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, P., Holtzman, C. M., Meilman, E., Sekowski, I.: Reduction of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels by the combined administration of neomycin and clofibrate. Circulation 41, 109–114 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santilli, A. A., Scotese, A. C., Tomarelli, R. M.: A potent antihypercholesterolemic agent: [4chloro-6-(2,3xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid (Wy-14643). Experientia (Basel) 30, 1110 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schacht, U., Granzer, E.: On the effect of the hypolipidemic phenyl ether CH 13437 on the liver metabolism of the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 2963–2971 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schacht, U., Schmitt, K., Granzer, E.: Comparative studies on the action of the optical antipodes of the hypolipidemic aryloxyalkanoic acid CH-13437, on liver enzymes of the rat. Experientia (Basel) 28, 788–790 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenkman, J. B., Wilson, B. J., Cinti, D.L.: Diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate HC1 (SKF525 A) in vivo and in vitro effects of metabolism by rat liver microsomes formation of an oxygenated complex. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 2373–2383 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schraven, E., Nrrz, R.E., Trottnow, D.: Beeinflussung der Resorption von Magnesium-28 durch Dehydrocholsäure and Nikotinsäure. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 22, 511–513 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe, U., Ebert, R.: The effect of heterocyclic inhibiting agents of lipolysis on the activity of 3’,5’-AMP-phosphodiesterase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. 263, 251–252 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweppe, J. S., Jungmann, R. A.: The effects of hypocholesterolemic agents on cholesterol esterification in vitro. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 136, 449–451 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, P. J., Hurley, P. J.: Effect of clofibrate on low density lipoprotein turnover in essential hypercholesterolemia. J. Atheroscler. Res. 9, 25–34 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, B., Meeran, M. K., Galvin, M. C., Tulpule, A. T., Whitaker, W., Taylor, S. H.: Comparison of adrenergic /3 blocking drugs in angina pectoris. Brit. med. J. 1971 III 152–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shefer, S., Hauser, S., Mosbach, E. H.: Stimulation of cholesterol 7-a-hydroxylase by phenobarbital in two strains of rats. J. Lipid Res. 13, 69–70 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto, T., Numano, F., Fujita, T.: Atherosclerosis-inhibiting effect of an antibradykinin agent pyridinolcarbamate. Amer. Heart J. 71, 216–227 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto, T., Numano, F. Editors. “Atherogenesis.” Proceedings of the first international symposium on atherogenesis, thrombogenesis and pyridinolcarbamate treatment. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Found 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto, T., Yamazaki, H., Inoue, M., Fujita, T., Sagawa, N., Sunaga, T., Ishioka, T.: Discovery of antithromboembolic effect of nialamide-protection of siliconlike property of blood vessels by nialamide. Proc. Japan Acad. 36, 240–245 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto, T., Yamazaki, H., Inoue, M., Fujita, T., Sagawa, N., Sunaga, T., Ishioka, T.: Discovery of antithromboembolic effect of nialamide-protection of siliconlike property of blood vessels by nialamide. Chem. Abstr. 55, 799d (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shio, H., Shaw, J., Ramwell, P.: Relation of cyclic AMP to the release and actions of prostaglandins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 185, 327–335 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, L.A., Myant, N.B.: The effect of D-thyroxine on the metabolism of cholesterol in familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 19, 103–117 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirtori, C., Hurwitz, A., Sabih, K., Azarnoff, D.L.: Clinical evaluation of MK-185: A new hypolipidemic drug. Lipids 7, 96–99 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirtori, C.R., Zoppi, S., Quarisa, B., Agradi, E.: Clinical evaluation of tibric acid, a new hypolipidemic agent. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 6, 445–456 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skidmore, I. F., Schoenhoefer, P.S., Kritchevsky, D.: Effects of nicotinic acid and some of its homologs on lipolysis, adenylcyclase, phosphodiesterase and cyclic AMP accumulation in isolated fat cells. Pharmacology 6, 330–338 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smrrh, A. F., Macfie, W. G., Oliver, M. F.: Clofibrate, serum enzymes, and muscle pain. Brit. med. J. 1970 II 86–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneyd, J.G.T., Corbin, J.D., Park, C.R.: The role of cyclic AMP in the action of insulin. In: Back, N., Martini, L., Paoletti, R. (Eds.): pp. 367–376. Pharmacology of hormonal polypeptides and proteins, New York: Plenum Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sodhi, H.S., Kudschodkar, B.J., Horlick, L., Weder, C.H.: Effects of chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol in man. Metab. clin. Exp. 20, 348–359 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sodhi, H.S., Kudchodkar, B.J., Horlick, L.: Effect of chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on the metabolism of endogenous glycerides in man. Metab. clin. Exp. 20, 309–318 (1971a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solyom, A.: Effect of androgens on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Lipids 7, 100–105 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speranza, M. L., Gaiti, A., De Medio, G. E., Montanini, I., Porcellati, G.: The inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by beta benzal butyric acid and the possible relationship to cholesterol biosynthesis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 2737–2743 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srikantia, S. G., Rao, K. S. J., Prasad, P. S. K.: Effect of C-17 alkylated steroid methandrostenolone on plasma lipids of normal subjects. Amer. J. med. Sci. 254, 201–204 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamler, J., Pick, R., Katz, L. N., Pick, A., Kaplan, B. M., Berkson, D. M., Century, D.: Effectiveness of estrogens for therapy of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. J. Amer. med. Ass. 183, 632–638 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, D.: Drugs inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, with special reference to clofibrate. In: Jones, R. J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proceedings second internat. symp. pp. 500–508. BerlinHeidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, T. Wynn, Y.: Serum lipids in women on oral contraceptives. Lancet. 1971 II 677–680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, E. W.: Studies on the mechanism of hormone action. Science 177, 401–408 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, P., Carruthers, M.: Suppression by oxprenolol of adrenergic response to stress. Lancet. 1972 II, 256–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, P., Carruthers, M., Somerville, W.: Electrocardiogram, plasma catecholamines and lipids, and their modification by oxprenolol when speaking before an audience. Lancet 1973 II, 341–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takashima, K., Izumi, K., Iwai, H., Takeyama, S.: The hypocholesterolemic action of eritadenine in the rat. Atherosclerosis 17, 491–502 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamasi, G., Borsy, J., Patthy, A.: Comparison of the antilipemic effect of nicotinic acid and 3methylpyrazol-5-carboxylic acid in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 17, 1789–1794 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennent, D. M., Siegel, H., Zanetti, M. E., Kuron, G. W., Ott, W. H., Wolf, F. J.: Reduction of plasma cholesterol in animals with bile acid sequestrants. Circulation 20, 969–970 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorp, J.M., Waring, W.S.: Modification of metabolism and distribution of lipids by ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate. Nature (Lond.) 194, 948–949 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorp, J.M.: Hypocholesterolemic and other effects of methyl clofenapate, a novel derivative of clofibrate. In: Jones, R.J. (Ed.): Atherosclerosis, Proceedings second internat. symp. pp.541544. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timms, A.R., Kelly, L.A., Ho, R.S., Trapold, J.H.: Laboratory studies of 1-methyl-4-piperidyl bis(p-chlorophenoxy)acetate, SaH 42–348, a new hypolipidemic agent. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 1861–1871 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toki, K., Nakamura, Y., Agatsuma, K., Nakatani, H., Aono, S.: Hypolipidemic action of a new aryloxy compound (S-8527) in rats. Atherosclerosis 18, 101–108 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolman, E. L., Tepperman, H. M. Tepperman, J.: Effect of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1313–1318 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, R. E.: That estrogens may have nothing to do with coronary heart deaths. Fed. Proc. 25, 665 (Abstr. 2690 ) (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Bosch, J. F., Claes, P. J.: Correlation between the bile-salt precipitating capacity of derivatives of basic antibiotics and their cholesterol lowering effect in vivo. Progr. biochem. Pharmacol. 2, 97–104 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, M.: An in vitro effect of triiodothyronine on rat adipose tissue. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1482–1491 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, M., Murad, F.: Adenyl cyclase activity in particles from fat cells. Biochemistry 8, 3092–3099 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, E.R.: The hypolipidemic properties of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxymercaptophenol derivatives. Abs. Papers 169th Meeting Am. Chem. Soc. MEDI 33 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, S.D., Stephenson, M. F.: Hypocholesterolemic effect of rifampin in the monkey (M. fasicularis). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 137, 194–195 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weeks, J.R.: Biological significance of prostaglandins with special reference to their effects on metabolism. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Parmak. 269, 347–357 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wegener, M., Gebhardt, W., Clotten, R.: Blutfette nach medikamentöser beta-RezeptorenBlockade. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 94, 904–908 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenke, M.: Adrenotropic drugs in lipid mobilization. In: Jeanrenaud, B., Hepp, D. (Eds.): Adipose tissue, regulation and metabolic function, pp. 55–62. Stuttgart: Thieme 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westerfeld, W. W., Elwood, J. C., Richert, D. A.: Effect of clofibrate on the handling of dietary and liver fat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 1117–1125 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westerfeld, W. W., Richert, D. A., Ruegamer, W. R.: The role of the thyroid hormone in the effect of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 17, 1003–1016 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermann, E., Stock, K.: Inhibitors of lipolysis. Potency and mode of action of alpha and beta adrenolytics, methoxamine derivatives, prostaglandin E, and phenylisopropyl adenosine. In: Jeanrenaud, B., Hepp, D. (Eds.): Adipose tissue, regulation and metabolic functions, p. 47–54. Stuttgart: G. Thieme 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wexler, B. C.: Protective effects of propranolol on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in arteriosclerotic and nonarteriosclerotic rats. Atheriosclerosis 18, 11–42 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whereat, A.F.: Is atherosclerosis a disorder of intramitochondrial respiration ? Ann. intern. Med. 73, 125–127 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittington-Colemann, P. J., Carrier, O. Jr., Douglas, B.H.: The effects of propranolol on cholesterol-induced atheromatous lesions. Atherosclerosis 18, 337–345 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm, M., Hedwall, P., Meier, M.: o-Allyloxy-pheonoxy-propanolamine, eine neue Gruppe adrenergischer beta-Receptoren-Blocker. Experientia (Basel) 23, 651–652 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, D.E., Lees, R. S.: Metabolic relationships among plasma lipoproteins. Reciprocal changes in the concentrations of very low and low density lipoproteins in man. J. clin. Invest. 51, 1051–1057 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, D.F., Watson, O.F., Peel, J. S., Turner, A. S.: Trasicor in angina pectoris: a double blind trial. Brit. med. J. 2, 155–157 1969 II.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windmueller, H.G., Levy, R.I.: Total inhibition of hepatic beta-lipoprotein production in the rat by orotic acid. J. biol. Chem. 242, 2246–2254 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witiak, D. T., Whitehouse, M. W.: Species differences in the albumin binding of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde, chlorophenoxyacetic acids, 2(4′-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid and some other acidic drugs — the unique behavior of rat plasma albumin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 971–977 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zampaglione, N.G., Lech, J.J., Calvert, D.N.: Diethyl chelidonate, a specific inhibitor of hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 2157–2164 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoellner, N., Wolfram, G.: Die Behandlung der Xanthome bei Hypercholesterinaemie. Hautarzt 21, 443–445 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bencze, W.L. (1975). Hypolipidemic Agents. In: Kritchevsky, D. (eds) Hypolipidemic Agents. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 41. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66190-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66190-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66192-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66190-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics