Zusammenfassung
Die cystische Fibrose oder Mucoviscidose ist eine häufige, schwere, angeborene Stoffwechselstörung des Kindes- und jugendlichen Erwachsenenalters. Ein autosomal recessiv vererbtes Gen verursacht einen noch unbekannten primären Stoffwechseldefekt. Dieser äußert sich in einer abnormen Zusammensetzung der Sekrete der meisten exokrinen Drüsen. Mucöse Sekrete zeigen eine erhöhte Viscosi-tät (Mucoviscidose). In der Lunge führt dies zu einer schweren chronischen Bronchitis mit Emphysem und Bronchiektasen; im Pankreas kommt es zum Untergang des Parenchyms und zur cystisch-fibrotischen Umwandlung des Organs. Die ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen sondern einen Schweiß mit abnorm erhöhtem Elektrolytgehalt ab. Die 3 Kardinalsymptome der Krankheit sind demnach die chronische Pneumopathie, die exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz mit Maldigestion und die erhöhten Schweißelektrolyte. Als weiteres, auch diagnostisch verwertbares Kriterium, muß das familiäre Auftreten der Krankheit genannt werden. Neugeborene mit cystischer Fibrose zeigen häufig eine Verlegung des Dünndarms durch abnorme Mekoniummassen (Mekonium-Ileus). Erwachsene Männer mit cystischer Fibrose sind infolge Atrophie des Vas deferens in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle steril. Bei längerem Krankheitsverlauf bildet sich oft eine biliäre Lebercirrhose aus. Der Tod ist meist die Folge der chronischen Lungenveränderungen. Die Häufigkeit der Krankheit in der weißen Rasse beträgt ca. 1:1500 bis 1:2000; ca. 3 bis 5 Prozent der Bevölkerung sind heterocygote Genträger.
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Hadorn, B. (1976). Die cystische Fibrose (Pankreasfibrose, Mucoviscidose). In: Beck, K., et al. Pankreas. Handbuch der inneren Medizin, vol 3 / 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66136-5_8
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