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Stoffwechselwirkungen der Katecholamine

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Diabetes mellitus · A

Part of the book series: Handbuch der inneren Medizin ((INNEREN 7,volume 7 / 2 / A))

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Zusammenfassung

Das sympathische Nervensystem befähigt durch seine Überträgerstoffe, Noradrenalin und Adrenalin, den Organismus, auch unter extremen Bedingungen lebenswichtige Funktionen und die Versorgung mit Stoffwechselenergie aufrechtzuerhalten. So schließen Cannon et al. (1924) aus ihrer klassischen Untersuchung der Abwehrmechanismen, die dem Organismus bei lebensbedrohendem Glucosemangel zur Verfügung stehen, daß das adrenerge System ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel für eine automatische Regelung darstellt. Bereits die klinischen Symptome der Hypoglykämie, wie Tachykardie, Blässe, Schweißausbruch und Pupillenerweiterung, weisen auf eine Erregung im sympathischen Bereich hin. Von den Autoren wurde die Konzentration der Katecholamine im Blut an der Frequenz des denervierten Herzens gemessen. Die Herzfrequenz stieg an, sobald der Blutzucker auf hypoglykämische Werte abfiel, und diese Reaktion wurde durch Glucose oder durch operative Entfernung der Nebennieren beseitigt. Damit war der Beweis erbracht, daß eine Hypoglykämie eine Aktivierung des Sympathicus und eine Abgabe von Katecholaminen aus dem Nebennierenmark auslöst. Dadurch wird Glucose aus der Leber mobilisiert und die Gefahr der Hypoglykämie abgewendet. Diese Funktion des sympathischen Systems ist auch in Versuchen an operativ sympathektomierten Tieren deutlich geworden. Die Blutglucose-Konzentration sympathektomierter Katzen unterschied sich nicht von Kontrollwerten, und auch auf kleine Insulindosen, die keine hypoglykämischen Symptome auslösten, reagierten die operierten Tiere normal.

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Hasselblatt, A. (1975). Stoffwechselwirkungen der Katecholamine. In: Cerasi, E., et al. Diabetes mellitus · A. Handbuch der inneren Medizin, vol 7 / 2 / A. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66033-7_11

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