Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Malnutrition

  • Chapter
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Disease

  • 138 Accesses

Abstract

Considering the variety of foods flooding the supermarkets of the western world, a chapter on malnutrition should be antiquated in a modern textbook of pathology. To be sure, most of the obvious nutritional deficiencies have successfully been eliminated in Europe and North America. However, flagrant protein and vitamin deficiencies continue to plague large segments of the populations of the world, and even in some western countries subtle forms of mineral and vitamin deficiencies continue to exist. Furthermore, because of the progress in food technology, some of the oldest diseases resulting from nutritional imbalance (obesity and arteriosclerosis) have become more frequent, and new problems of nutrition have developed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mellette, S., Leone, L.: Influence of age, sex, strain of rat and fat soluble vitamins on hemorrhagic syndromes in rats fed irradiated beef. Fed. Proc. 19, 1045–1049 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Richardson, L., Ritchey, S., Rigdon, R.: A long-term feeding study of irradiated foods using rats as experimental animals. Fed. Proc. 19, 1023–1027 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Proc. Symp. IV.: Nutrition in pregnancy, council on foods and nutrition. Chicago: American Medical Association 1958

    Google Scholar 

  4. Proc. Symp. VII.: Infant nutrition, council on foods and nutrition. Chicago: American Medical Association 1961

    Google Scholar 

  5. Platt, B.S.: Digestion in infancy. Fed. Proc. 20, 188–195 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Beaton, G.H.: Nutritional and physiological adaptations in pregnancy. Fed. Proc. 20, 196–201 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chase, H., Martin, H.: Undernutrition and child development. New Engl. J. Med. 282, 933–939 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Winick, M.: Cellular growth of the fetus and placenta. In: Fetal growth and development (Waisman, H., and Kerr, G., eds.), p. 19–27. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1970

    Google Scholar 

  9. Villee, C.A.: Enzymic development of the placenta in relation to fetal growth. In: Fetal growth and development (Waisman, H., and Kerr, G., eds.), p. 11–17. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1970

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hagerman, D.: Enzymatic capabilities of the placenta. Fed. Proc. 23, 785–790 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Diczfalusy, E.: Endocrine functions of the human feto-placental unit. Fed. Proc. 23, 791–798 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Herrmann, H., Tootle, M.: Specific and general aspects of the development of enzymes and metabolic pathways. Physiol. Rev. 44, 289–371 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Burch, H.B.: Biochemical changes in the perinatal rat liver. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 111, 176–182 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yeung, D., Oliver, I.: Development of gluconeogenesis in neonatal rat liver. Biochem. J. 105, 1229–1233 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Moog, F.: Enzyme development and functional differentiation in the fetus. In: Fetal growth and development (Waisman, H., and Kerr, G., eds.), p. 29–48. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1970

    Google Scholar 

  16. Levi-Montalcini, R., Angeletti, P.U.: Growth and differentiation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 24, 11–56(1962)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Passmore, R., Meiklejohn, A.P.: Disorders of nutrition. In: Biochemical disorders in human disease (Thompson, R.H.S., and King, E.J., eds.), p. 544–577. New York: Academic Press 1957

    Google Scholar 

  18. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., Taylor, H.: Human starvation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1951

    Google Scholar 

  19. Consolazio, C., Matoush, L., Johnson, H., Nelson, R., Krzywicki, H.: Metabolic aspects of acute starvation in normal humans (10 days). Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 20, 672–683 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hanson, P., Johnson, R., Zaharko, D.: Correlation between ketone body and free fatty acid concentrations in the plasma during early starvation in man. Metabolism 14, 1037–1040 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Spencer, H., Lewin, I., Samachson, J., Laszlo, J.: Changes in metabolism in obese persons during starvation. Amer. J. Med. 40, 27–37 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Knox, W., Auerbach, V., Lin, E.: Enzymatic and metabolic adaptations in animals. Physiol. Rev. 36, 164–254 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Riet, H., Schwartz, F., Kinderen, P. de: Metabolic observations during the treatment of obese patients by periods of total starvation. Metabolism 13, 291–302 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Harper, A.E., Kumta, U.S.: Amino acid balance and protein requirement. Fed. Proc. 18, 1136–1142 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Proc. Symp. II.: Relation of proteins and amino acids to nutritional health, council on foods and nutrition. Chicago: American Medical Association 1956

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fomon, S.J. (ed.): Amino acid and protein metabolism. Report of the 30th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Ross Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Oser, B.L.: An integrated essential amino acid index for predicting the biological value of proteins. In: Protein and amino acid nutrition (Albanese, A.A., ed.). New York: Academic Press 1959

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wilding, P., Cooke, W.T., Nicholson, G.I.: Globulin-bound amylase. A cause of persistently elevated levels in serum. Ann. intern. Med. 60, 1053–1059 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Levitt, M.D., Cooperband, S.R.: Hyperamylasemia from the binding of serum amylase by an 11S IgA globulin. New Engl. J. Med. 278, 474–479 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Northrop, J.H.: Crystalline pepsin: Isolation and tests of purity. J. gen. Physiol. 13, 739–780 (1930)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bovey, F., Yanari, S.: Pepsin. In: The enzymes (Boyer, P., Lardy, H., and Myrbäck, K., eds.), 2nd ed., vol. 4, p. 63–92. New York: Academic Press 1960

    Google Scholar 

  32. Walsh, K., Neurath, H., Kauffman, D.: Peptides isolated from tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates of S-sulfotrypsinogen. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 65, 540–543 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Northrop, J.H., Kunitz, M., Herria, R.: Crystallinic Enzymes, 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press 1948

    Google Scholar 

  34. Keith, C.K., Kazenko, A., Laskowski, M.: Studies on proteolytic activity of crystalline protein B prepared from beef pancreas. J. biol. Chem. 170, 227–238 (1947)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Desnuelle, P.: Chymotrypsin. In: The enzymes (Boyer, P., Lardy, H., and Myrbäck, K., eds.), 2nd ed., vol. 4, p. 93–118. New York: Academic Press 1960

    Google Scholar 

  36. Beaumont, W.: Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and the physiology of digestion, facsimile ed. New York: Dover 1939

    Google Scholar 

  37. Morley, J.: Structure-activity relationships. Fed. Proc. 27, 1314–1317 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hirschowitz, B.I.: Gastrin I, pentagastrin and histamine in the fistula dog. Fed. Proc. 27, 1318–1321 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Grossman, M.: Physiological role of gastrin. Fed. Proc. 27, 1312–1313 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Farrar, G., Jr., Bower, R.: Gastric juice and secretion: Physiology and variations in disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 29, 141–168 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang, C.C., Grossman, M.I.: Physiological determination of release of secretin and pancreozymin from the intestine of dogs with transplanted pancreas. Amer. J. Physiol. 164, 527–545 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Dupre, J.: Regulation of the secretions of the pancreas. Annu. Rev. Med. 21, 299–316(1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Brock, J., Autret, M.: Kwashiorkor in Africa, WHO Monograph Series No. 8. Geneva: World Health Organization 1952

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bjørnesjø, K., Belew, M., Zaar, B.: Biochemical study of advanced protein malnutrition in Ethiopia. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 18, 591–602 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Scrimshaw, N.: Malnutrition in underdeveloped countries. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 137–144(1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wolf, C.B.: Kwashiorkor on the Navajo Indian reservation. A discussion of the disease as seen throughout the world and a report of three cases in Navajo children. Henry Ford Hosp. med. Bull. 9, 566–571 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Follis, R., Jr.: Deficiency disease, p. 315. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 1958

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hegsted, D.: Protein requirement in man. Fed. Proc. 18, 1130–1135 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Pearson, W., Darby, W.: Protein nutrition. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 30, 325–346 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Waterlow, J.: Protein nutrition and enzyme changes in man. Fed. Proc. 18, 1143–1155(1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Brock, J.F.: Dietary proteins in relation to man’s health. Fed. Proc. 20, 61–65 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Stare, F.J. (ed.): Nutrition and learning behavior. Nutr. Rev. 25, 20–22 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wharton, B.A., Howells, G.R., McCance, R.A.: Cardiac failure in kwashiorkor. Lancet 1967, II, 384–387

    Google Scholar 

  54. Brenton, D.P., Brown, R.E., Wharton, B.A.: Hypothermia in kwashiorkor. Lancet ,1967, I, 410–413

    Google Scholar 

  55. Umana, R.: Changes produced by protein malnutrition in the proteolytic activity of human liver. Canad. J. Biochem. 45, 1353–1356 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Chase, H., Dorsey, J., McKhann, G.: The effect of malnutrition on the synthesis of a myelin lipid. Pediatrics 40, 551–559 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Metcoff, J.: Biochemical effects of protein-calorie malnutrition in man. Annu. Rev. Med. 18, 377–422 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Allison, J.B.: Protein malnutrition. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 25, 293–306 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Shinozuka, H., Verney, E., Sidransky, H.: Alterations in the liver due to acute amino acid deficiency. An electron microscopic study of young rats force-fed a threonine-devoid diet. Lab. Invest. 18, 72–85 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Allen, R., Raines, P., Regen, D.: Regulatory significance of transfer RNA charging levels. I. Measurements of charging levels in livers of chow-fed rats, fasting rats, and rats fed balanced or imbalanced mixtures of amino acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 190, 323–336 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Jansen, B., Donath, W.: Isolation of anti-beriberi vitamin. Med. dienst d. volksgenzondh. in Nederl. Indie 1, 190 (1927)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kinney, T., Follis, R.: Beriberi. Fed. Proc. 17, 3–56 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Bhuvaneswaran, C., Sreenivasan, A.: Problems of thiamine deficiency states and their amelioration. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 98, 576–601 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Follis, R., Jr.: Deficiency disease, p. 405. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 1958

    Google Scholar 

  65. Mizuhara, S., Handler, P.: Mechanism of thiamine-catalyzed reactions. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 76, 571–573 (1954)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Breslow, R.: On the mechanism of thiamine action. IV. Evidence from studies on model systems. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 80, 3719–3726 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Krampitz, L., Suzuki, I., Greull, G.: Mechanism of action of thiamine diphosphate in enzymic reactions. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 98, 466–478 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Woolley, D.W., Elvehjem, C.A., Madden, R.J., Strong, F.M.: Anti-black tongue activity of various pyridine derivatives. J. biol. Chem. 124, 715–723 (1938)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Moline, S.W., Walker, H.C., Schweigert, B.S.: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolism. VII. Mechanism of formation of quinolinic acid. J. biol. Chem. 234, 880–883 (1959)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Chaykin, S.: Nicotinamide coenzymes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 36, 149–170 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Price, J., Brown, R., Yess, N.: Testing the functional capacity of the tryptophan-niacin pathway in man by analysis of urinary metabolites. Advanc. Metab. Disord. 2, 159–225 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Wagner, A.F., Folkers, K.: The vitamins. In: Medicinal chemistry (Burger, A., ed.), 2nd ed., p. 133–286. New York: Interscience 1960

    Google Scholar 

  73. Wagner, A.F., Folkers, K.: The vitamins. In: Medicinal chemistry (Burger, A., ed.), 2nd ed., p. 166. New York: Interscience 1960

    Google Scholar 

  74. Follis, R., Jr.: Deficiency disease, p. 387. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 1958

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lynen, F.: Participation of acyl-CoA in carbon chain biosynthesis. J. cell. Physiol. 54, 33–49 (1959)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Calvin, M., Pon, N.: Carboxylations and decarboxylations. J. cell. Physiol. 54, 51–74(1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Knappe, J.: Mechanism of biotin action. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 39, 757–776 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Observations on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex; description of a new carbohydrate derivative. Biochem. J. 22, 1387–1409 (1928)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Follis, R., Jr.: Deficiency disease, p. 387. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 1958

    Google Scholar 

  80. Gottlieb, A.A., Peterkofsky, B., Udenfriend, S.: Use of collagenase to identify enzymatically formed collagen and a hydroxyproline-deficient intermediate. J. biol. Chem. 240, 3099–3103 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peterkofsky, B., Udenfriend, S.: Conversion of proline to collagen hydroxyproline in a cell-free system from chick embryo. J. biol. Chem. 238, 3966–3977 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Peterkofsky, B., Udenfriend, S.: Enzymatic hydroxylation of proline in microsomal polypeptide leading to formation of collagen. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 53, 335–342 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Broquist, H., Trupin, J.S.: Amino acid metabolism. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 35, 231–294 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ellenbogen, L., Highley, D.R.: Intrinsic factor. Vitam. and Horm. 21, 1–49 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Jerzy Glass, G.: Gastric intrinsic factor and its function in the metabolism of vitamin B12. Physiol. Rev. 43, 529–849 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Mollin, D.L., Baker, S.J., Doniach, I.: Addisionian pernicious anaemia without gastric atrophy in a young man. Brit. J. Haemat. 1, 278–290 (1955)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Spurling, C.L., Sacks, M.S., Jiji, R.M.: Juvenile pernicious anemia. New Engl. J. Med. 271, 995–1003 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Grasbeck, R., Gordin, R., Kantero, I., Kuhlbäck, B.: Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption and proteinuria in young people: a syndrome. Acta med. scand. 167, 289–296 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Katz, M., Lee, S.K., Cooper, B.A.: Vitamin B12 malabsorption due to a biologically inert intrinsic factor. New Engl. J. Med. 287, 425–429 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Donaldson, R.M., Jr., Mackenzie, I.L., Trier, J.S.: Intrinsic factor-mediated attachment of vitamin B12 to brush borders and microvillous membranes of hamster intestine. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1215–1228 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Perlman, D. (ed.): Vitamin B12 coenzymes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 112, 547–921 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Wagner, F.: Vitamin B12 and related compounds. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 35, 405–434 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Jaenicke, L.: Vitamin and coenzyme function: Vitamin B12 and folic acid. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 33, 287–312 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Barker, H.A.: Structure and function of cobamide coenzymes. Fed. Proc. 20, 956–961 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Barker, H.A.: Corrinoid-dependent enzymic reactions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 41, 55–90 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Kishimoto, Y., Williams, M., Moser, H., Hignite, C., Biemann, K.: Branched-chained and odd-numbered fatty acids and aldehydes in the nervous system of a patient with deranged vitamin B12 metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 14, 69–77 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Buchanan, J.M., Elford, H.L., Loughlin, R.E., McDougall, B.M., Rosenthal, S.: The role of vitamin B12 in methyl transfer to homocystein. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 112, 756–773 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Herbert, V.: Folic acid. Annu. Rev. Med. 16, 359–370 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Luhby, A., Cooperman, J.: Folic acid deficiency in man and its interrelationship with vitamin B12 metabolism. Advanc. Metab. Disord. 1, 263–334(1964)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Snell, E., Jenkins, W.: The mechanism of the transamination reaction. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 54, 161–177 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Fasella, P.: Pyridoxal phosphate. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 36, 185–210 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Aykroyd, W.R., Pathwardhan, V.N., Oomen, H.A.P.C., Mason, K.E., Ramajingaswami, V., Handler, P., McLaren, D.S.: Hypovitaminosis A. Fed. Proc. 17, 103–143 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. György, P.: Protein-calorie and vitamin A malnutrition in Southeast Asia. Fed. Proc. 27, 949–953 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Karrer, P., Morf, R., Schöpp, K.: The synthesis of perhydrovitamin A. I and II. Helv. chim. Acta 16, 557–625 (1933)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Karrer, P., Morf, R., Schöpp, K.: Vitamin A from fish oils. I and II. Helv. chim. Acta 14, 1036–1040, (1931)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Pitt, G., Morton, R.: Fat-soluble vitamins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 31, 491–514(1962)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Fidge, N.H., Shiratori, T., Ganguly, J., Goodman, D.S.: Pathways of absorption of retinal and retinoic acid in the rat. J. Lipid Res. 9, 103–109 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Goodman, D.S., Huang, H.S., Kanai, M., Shiratori, T.: The enzymatic conversion of all-trans ß-carotene into retinal. J. biol. Chem. 242, 3543–3554 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Follis, R., Jr.: Deficiency disease, p. 125. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 1958

    Google Scholar 

  110. Wolf, G., Varandi, T., Johnson, B.C.: Vitamin A and mucopolysaccharide synthesizing enzymes. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 46, 59–67 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Wolf, G.: Vitamin A in adrenal hormone and mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 9, 36–42 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Juneja, H.S., Moudgal, N.R., Ganguly, J.: Studies on metabolism of vitamin A. The effect of hormones on gestation in retinoate-fed female rats. Biochem. J. 111, 97–105 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Dingle, J.T.: Studies on the mode of action of excess of vitamin A. 3. Release of a bound protease by the action of vitamin A. Biochem. J. 79, 509–512(1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Dingle, J.T., Lucy, J.A., Fell, H.B.: Studies on the mode of action of excess of vitamin A. I. Effect of excess of vitamin A on the metabolism and composition of embryonic chick-limb cartilage grown in organ culture. Biochem. J. 79, 497–500 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. De Duve, C., Wattiaux, R., Wibo, M.: Effects of fat-soluble compounds on lysosomes in vitro. Biochem. Pharmacol. 9, 97–116 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. De Luca, L., Little, E.P., Wolf, G.: Vitamin A and protein synthesis by rat intestinal mucosa. J. biol. Chem. 244, 701–708 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Creutzfeldt, O., Sakmann, B.: Neurophysiology of vision. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 31, 499–544 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Dartnall, H., Tansley, K.: Physiology of vision: Retinal structure and visual pigments. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 25, 433–458 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Crescitelli, F.: Physiology of vision. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 32, 525–578 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Glickstein, M.: Organization of the visual pathways. Science 164, 917–926 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Wald, G.: Molecular basis of visual excitation. Science 162, 230–239 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Wald, G.: The receptors of human color vision. Science 145, 1007–1016 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Wasserman, R., Corradino, R.: Metabolic role of vitamins A and D. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 40, 501–532 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Evans, H., Bishop, K.: On the relations between fertility and nutrition. II. The ovulation rhythm in the rat on inadequate nutritional regimes. J. Metab. Res. 1, 335–356 (1922)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Wagner, A., Folkers, K.: The vitamins. In: Medicinal chemistry (Burger, A., ed.), 2nd ed., p. 133–286, New York: Interscience 1960

    Google Scholar 

  126. Wagner, A., Folkers, K.: The vitamins. In: Medicinal chemistry (Burger, A., ed.), 2nd ed., p. 160. New York: Interscience 1960

    Google Scholar 

  127. Horwitt, M.K.: Interrelations between vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids in adult men. Vitam. and Horm. 20, 541–558 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Alaupovic, P., Johnson, B., Crider, Q., Bhagawan, H., Johnson B.: Metabolism of alpha-tocopherol and the isolation of a nontocopherol-reducing substance from animal tissues. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 9, 76–88 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Draper, H., Csallany, A.: Metabolism and function of vitamin E. Fed. Proc. 28, 1690–1695 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Tappel, A.: Vitamin E as the biological lipid antioxidant. Vitam. and Horm. 20, 493–510(1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Tappel, A.L., Sawant, P.L., Shibko, S.: Lysosomes: Distribution in animals, hydrolytic capacity and other properties. In: Lysosomes (de Reuck, A.V.S., and Cameron, M., eds.). Ciba Found. Symp., p. 78–125. Boston: Little, Brown and Company 1963

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  132. Olson, R.E.: Introductory remarks; Interrelationships among vitamin E, coenzyme Q, and selenium, Nutrition Symp. Fed. Proc. 24, 55–57 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Schwarz, K.: Role of vitamin E, selenium, and related factors in experimental nutritional liver disease. Fed. Proc. 24, 58–67 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Horwitt, M.K.: Role of vitamin E, selenium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinical and experimental muscle disease. Fed. Proc. 24, 68–72 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Tappel, A.L.: Free-radical lipid peroxidation damage and its inhibition by vitamin E and selenium. Fed. Proc. 24, 73–78 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Folkers, K., Smith, J.L., Moore, H.W.: On the significance of biological activities in the coenzyme Q and vitamin E groups. Fed. Proc. 24, 79–84 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Olson, R.E.: Anabolism of the coenzyme Q family and their biological activities. Fed. Proc. 24, 85–92 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Van De Kamer, J.H., Weijers, H.A.: Malabsorption syndrome. Fed. Proc. 20, 335–344(1961)

    Google Scholar 

  139. Welch, C.E., Ellis, D.S.: Physiology of the surgically altered stomach. Annu. Rev. Med. 12, 19–38 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Stahlgreen, L.H.: The dumping syndrome: a study of its hemodynamics. Hosp. Prac. 5, 59–64 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  141. Johnstone, M.C. (ed.): Problems in cystic fibrosis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 93, 485–623 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  142. Dische, Z., Pallavicini, C., Cizek, L.J., Chien, S.: Changes in the control of the secretion of mucous glycoproteins as possible pathogenic factor in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 93, 526–540 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. Johansen, P.G.: Some observations on mucous secretions in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 106, 755–756 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. di Sant’Agnese, P., Talamo, R.: Pathogenesis and physiopathology of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. New Engl. J. Med. 277, 1399–1408 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Lipkin, M.: Cell proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract of man. Fed. Proc. 24, 10–15 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Dubos, R., Schaedler, R.W., Costello, R.: Composition, alteration, and effects of the intestinal flora. Fed. Proc. 22, 1322–1329 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  147. Kaiser, M., Cohen, R., Arteaga, I., Yawn, E., Mayoral, L., Hoffert, W., Frazier, D.: Normal viral and bacterial flora of the human small and large intestine. I and II. New Engl. J. Med. 274, 500–505, (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Kaiser, M., Cohen, R., Arteaga, I., Yawn, E., Mayoral, L., Hoffert, W., Frazier, D.: Normal viral and bacterial flora of the human small and large intestine. I and II. New Engl. J. Med. 274, 558–563 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Rosenberg, I., Hardison, W., Bull, D.: Abnormal bile-salt patterns and intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with malabsorption. New Engl. J. Med. 276, 1391–1397(1967)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Crane, R.: Digestive-absorptive surface of the small bowel mucosa. Annu. Rev. Med. 19, 57–68 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Rubin, C.: Malabsorption: Celiac sprue. Annu. Rev. Med. 12, 39–54 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Rubin, W., Ross, L., Sleisinger, M., Weser, E.: An electron microscopic study of adult celiac disease. Lab. Invest. 15, 1720–1747 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Reid, A., Brunser, O.: Pathogenesis of small intestine changes in celiac disease. Arch. Path. 77, 525–528 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Mayer, J.: Obesity. Annu. Rev. Med. 14, 111–132 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Mayer, J.: Some aspects of the problem of regulation of food intake and obesity. I, II, and III. New Engl. J. Med. 274, 610–616, (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Mayer, J.: Some aspects of the problem of regulation of food intake and obesity. I, II, and III. New Engl. J. Med. 274, 722–731 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Mayer, J., Thomas, D.: Regulation of food intake and obesity. Science 156, 328–337 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Schachter, S.: Obesity and eating. Science 161, 751–756 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Winick, M.: Nutrition and nerve cell growth. Fed. Proc. 29, 1510–1515 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Blass, J.P.: Metabolic hypothesis for selective cerebellar damage in deficiencies of pyruvate decarboxylase. (Unpublished manuscript) (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  161. Salyer, W.R., Salyer, D.C.: Thiamine deficiency and oxalosis. J. clin. Path. 27, 558–559 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Lien, E.L., Ellenbogen, L., Law, P.Y., Wood, J.M.: Studies on the mechanism of cobalamin binding to hog intrinsic factor. J. biol. Chem. 249, 890–894 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Burger, R.L., Allen, R.H.: Characterization of vitamin B12-binding proteins isolated from human milk and saliva by affinity chromatography. J. biol. Chem. 249, 7220–7227 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Allen, R.H., Majerus, P.W.: Isolation of vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography; II. Purification and properties of a human granulocyte vitamin B12-binding protein. J. biol. Chem. 247, 7702–7708 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Allen, R.H., Majerus, P.W.: Isolation of vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography; I. Preparation and properties of vitamin B12-sepharose. J. biol. Chem. 247, 7695–7701 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Allen, R.H., Mehlman, C.S.: Isolation of gastric vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography; I. Purification and properties of human intrinsic factor. J. biol. Chem. 248, 3660–3669 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Allen, R.H., Mehlman, C.S.: Isolation of gastric vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography; II. Purification and properties of hog intrinsic factor and hog nonintrinsic factor. J. biol. Chem. 248, 3670–3680 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Barley, F.W., Sato, G.H., Abeles, R.H.: An effect of vitamin B12 deficiency in tissue culture. J. biol. Chem. 247, 4270–4276 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Frenkel, E.P., Kitchens, R.L., Johnston, J.M.: The effect of vitamin B12 deprivation on the enzymes of fatty acid synthesis. J. biol. Chem. 248, 7540–7546 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Hoffbrand, A.V., Ganeshaguru, K., Lavoie, A., Tattersall, M.H.N., Tripp, E.: Thymidylate concentration in megaloblastic anaemia. Nature (Lond.) 248, 602–604 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Muto, Y., Goodman, D-W.S.: Vitamin A transport in rat plasma; isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein. J. biol. Chem. 247, 2533–2541 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Haurani, F.: Vitamin B12 and the megaloblastic development. Science 182, 78–79 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, U.C.L.A. School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA

    Professor Julien L. Van Lancker M.D.

Authors
  1. Professor Julien L. Van Lancker M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Van Lancker, J.L. (1976). Malnutrition. In: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65967-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65967-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65969-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65967-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation