Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbook of Sensory Physiology ((1653,volume 6 / 1))

Abstract

The basic investigations on cerebello-vestibular relations started with the experiments of Magnus (1914) and de Kleijn and Magnus (1920), who reported that labyrinthine reflexes were constantly present in cerebellectomized animals. The statement by de Kleijn and Magnus (1920) that the essential pathways mediating the labyrinthine reflexes do not course through the cerebellum was supported by later investigators (Dusseb- de Bakenne, 1923, 1937; Rademaker, 1931). This finding, however, did not disprove the hypothesis of a cerebellar control of the brainstem mechanisms underlying the labyrinthine reflexes.

The manuscript of this article was sent to the Editor in June 1968. Further contributions to the subject have been summarized in the following book: A. Brodal and O. Pompeiano (Eds.): Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 37. Basic aspects of central vestibular mechanisms. XI, 656 pp. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1972.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aitken, J.T., Bridger, J.E.: Neuron size and neuron population density in the lumbosacral region of the cat’s spinal cord. J. Anat. (Lond.) 95, 38–53 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, F.W.: Distribution of the fibers originating from the different basal cerebellar nuclei. J. comp. Neurol. 36, 399–439 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, G., Fernández, G.: Experimental observations in postural nystagmus. I. Extensive lesions in posterior vermis of the cerebellum. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 51, 2–14 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alnaes, E., Jansen, J.K. S., Rudjord, T.: Fusimotor activity in the spinal cat. Acta physiol. scand. 63, 197–212 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S., Gernandt, B.E.: Cortical projection of vestibular nerve in cat. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) Suppl. 116, 10–18 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, A., Gernandt, B.E.: Ventral root discharge in response to vestibular and proprioceptive stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 524–543 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angaut, P., Brodal, A.: The projection of the “vestibulo-cerebellum” onto the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 441–479 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appelberg, B., Bessou, P., Laporte, Y.: Action of static and dynamic fusimotor fibres on secondary endings of cat’s spindles. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 185, 160–171 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arduini, A., Pompeiano, O.: Modificazioni dell’ attività di unità fastigiali prodotte dastimolazioni cortico-cerebellari e sensitive. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 32, 947–948 (1956a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arduini, A., Pompeiano, O.: Influence of cerebellar cortical and sensory volleys on the firing rate of fastigial units. Proc. XX. int. Congr. physiol. Sci. Bruxelles, 32, 1956b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arduini, A., Pompeiano, O.: Modificazioni dell’attività di singole unità nel nucleo del tetto per stimolazioni della corteccia cerebellare e della periferia sensitiva. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 22, 98–100 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arduini, A., Pompeiano, O.: Microelectrode analysis of units of the rostral portion of the nucleus fastigii. Arch. ital. Biol. 95, 56–70 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aschan, G., Ekvall, L., Grant, G.: Nystagmus following stimulation in the central vestibular pathways using permanently implanted electrodes. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 58, Suppl. 192, 63–77 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzena, G.B., Giretti, M.L.: Responses of the oculomotor units to deep cerebellar stimulation. Brain Res. 6, 523–534 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrios, P., Haase, J., Nassr-Esfahani, H., Noth, J., Ropte, H.: Statische und dynamische Aktivitätsänderungen primärer Spindelafferenzen aus den Fussextensoren und prätibialen Flexoren der anaesthesierten und deafferentierten Katze nach intercolliculärer Dezerebrierung, tiefer Spinalisierung und Deefferentierung. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 299, 128–148 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Componenti labirintiche ed extralabirintiche nelle manifestazioni spastiche del gatto decerebrato e decerebellato. Rend.Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 21, 328–332 (1956a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Influenza degli impulsi vestibolari sulla rigidità estensoria dell’arto deafferentato. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 32, 1293–1294 (1956b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Origine e meccanismi di compensazione dei fenomeni dinamici di Luciani. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 21, 474–479 (1956c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Sui meccanismi di compensazione dei fenomeni dinamici di Luciani. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 32, 1291–1292 (1956d).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: The release phenomena following cerebellectomy. Proc. XX. int. Congr. physiol. Sci., Bruxelles, 70–71, 1956e.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Cerebellar release phenomena. Arch. ital. Biol. 95, 71–95 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Sugli effetti di distruzioni croniche, parziali e totali, del nucleo del tetto nel gatto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 31, 805–807 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Effetti di lesioni fastigiali croniche sul tono posturale del gatto. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 20, 504–507 (1956a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Opposti effetti esercitati sulla rigidità da decerebrazione dalle porzioni rostro-mediali e rostro-laterali del núcleo del tetto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 32, 1452–1453 (1956b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Opposite effects on decerebrate rigidity of rostro-medial and rostro-lateral fastigial lesions. Proc. XX. int. Congr. physiol. Sci. Bruxelles, 71–72, 1956c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Chronic fastigial lesions and their compensation in the cat. Arch. ital. Biol. 95, 147–165 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Opposte influenze esercitate sul tono posturale dalle porzioni rostro-mediale e rostro-laterale del nucleo del tetto. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 24, 79–82 (1958a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Pompeiano, O.: Effects of rostro-medial and rostro-lateral fastigial lesions on decerebrate rigidity. Arch. ital. Biol. 96, 315–329 (1958b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, J., Leidler, R.: Über den Einfluss der Ausschaltung verschiedener Hirnabschnitte auf die vestibulären Augenreflexe. Arb. neurol. Inst. Univ. Wien 19, 155–225 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechterew, W.: Ergebnisse der Durchschneidung des N. acusticus, nebst Erörterung der Bedeutung der semicirculären Canäle für das Körpergleichgewicht. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 30, 312–347 (1883).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmans, J., Grillner, S.: Monosynaptic control of static γ-motoneurones from the lower brain stem. Experientia (Basel) 24, 146–147 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billia, P.: Importanza dell’intensità dell’eccitamento vestibulare nei riguardi dei riflessi labirintici dopo lesione cerebellare. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 28, 1385–1386 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, F.: Contribution à l’étude de la physiologie du cervelet. La fonction inhibitrice du paléocerebellum. Arch. int. Physiol. 19, 189–226 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, F.: Le cervelet. In: G.H.Roger and L.Binet: Traité de physiologie normale et pathologique. Vol. 10. Paris: Masson 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A.: Anatomical aspects and functional organization of the vestibular nuclei. In: Second symposium on the role of the vestibular organs in space exploration. NASA SP-115, 119–141 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A.: Anatomical studies of cerebellar fibre connections with special reference to problems of functional localization. In: C.A.Fow and R.S.Snider: Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 25. The Cerebellum. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1967a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A.: Anatomical organization of cerebello-vestibulo-spinal pathways. In: A.V.S.deReuck and J.Knight: Myotatic, Kinesthetic and vestibular mechanisms. Ciba Foundation Symposium. London: J. and A. Churchill 1967b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Deablos, P.A.: Two types of mossy fiber terminals in the cerebellum and their regional distribution. J. comp. Neurol. 12, 173–187 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Høvik, B.: Site and mode of termination of primary vestibulocerebellar fibres in the cat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods. Arch. ital. Biol. 102, 1–21 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Pompeiano, O.: The vestibular nuclei in the cat. J. Anat. (Lond.) 91, 438–454 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Pompeiano, O.: The origin of ascending fibres of the medial longitudinal fasciculus from the vestibular nuclei. Acta morph. neerl.-scand. 1, 306–328 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Pompeiano, O., Walberg, F.: The vestibular nuclei and their connections. Anatomy and functional correlations. Edinburgh, London: Oliver and Boyd 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Toerik, A.: Über den Ursprung des sekundären vestibulocerebellaren Fasern bei der Katze. Eine experimentell anatomische Studie. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 195, 550–567 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M.C., Engbeeg, I., Matthews, P.B.C.: Fusimotor stimulation and the dynamic sensitivity of the secondary ending of the muscle spindle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 189, 545–550 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, A.R.: Post-rotatory nystagmus following decerebration in guinea pigs with unilateral cerebellar lesions. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.). 37, 713–715 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Busch, H.F.M.: An anatomical analysis of the white matter in the brain stem of the cat. Leiden: Van Gorcum and Co. N.V. — Dr. H.J. Prakke and H.M.G. Prakke 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cajal, S.R.: Histologie du système nerveux de l’homme et des vertébrés. Tome I et II Paris: Maloine 1909–1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camis, M.: Le correnti d’azione nel cervelletto per eccitamento del laberinto. Arch. Sci. biol. (Bologna) 1, 92–119 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camis, M.: Nuove osservazioni sui movimenti deambulatori: l’azione delle basse temperature sul cervelletto. Boll. Soc. med. Parma 15, 54–56 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camis, M.: Recherches sur le mécanisme central des mouvements de déambulation. Arch. int. Physiol. 20, 340–370 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camis, M.: La fisiologia dell’apparato vestibolare. Bologna: Zanichelli 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Effetti della stimolazione elettrica del nucleo di Deiters sulla scarica afferente fusale e sulla tensione muscolare nel gastrocnemio di gatto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 42, 999–1001 (1966a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Persistenza della risposta di recettori fusali alla stimolazione del nucleo di Deiters dopo blocco periferico dei γ-motoneuroni. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 42, 1001–1003 (1966b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Skeletomotor and fusimotor control of gastrocnemius muscle from Deiters’ nucleus. Experientia (Basel) 22, 583–584 (1966c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Responses of the muscle spindle and of the extrafusal fibres in an extensor muscle to stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the cat. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 209–242 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Meccanismi attivi e passivi responsabili dell’eccitazione dei recettori fusali. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 43, 275–277 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Active and passive factors in muscle spindle excitation. Nature (Lond.) 214, 838–839 (1967c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Mechanisms of muscle spindle excitation. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 273–289 (1967d).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Pompeiano, O.: Crossed fastigial influence on muscle spindle receptors. Unpublished observations, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, D., Engrerg, I., Lundberg, A.: Presynaptic inhibition in the lumbar cord evoked from the brain stem. Experientia (Basel) 18, 450–451 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, D., Engrerg, I., Lundberg, A.: Primary afferent depolarization evoked from the brain stem and the cerebellum. Arch. ital. Biol. 104, 73–85 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.D.: Lesions of the fastigial nuclei in the rhesus monkey. Amer. J. Anat. 104, 1–25 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M. B.: Fiber projections from the descending and lateral vestibular nuclei in the cat. Amer. J. Anat. 107, 1–22 (1960a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M. B.: Experimental anatomical-physiological studies of the vestibular nerve and cerebellar connections. In: G.L.Rasmussen and W.F.Windle: Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular system. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1960b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Alling, F.A., Bard, D.S.: Lesions of the descending vestibular nucleus in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 114, 39–50 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Bard, D.S., Alling, F.A.: Anatomical connections between the fastigial nuclei, the labyrinth and the vestibular nuclei in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 111, 1–26 (1959a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Brittin, G.M., Pines, J.: Isolated lesions of the fastigial nuclei in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 109, 65–89 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Fabrega, H., Glinsmann, W.: Physiological deficits occurring with lesions of labyrinth and fastigial nuclei. J. Neurophysiol. 22, 222–234 (1959b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, M.B., Strominger, N.L.: Cerebello-oculomotor fibers in the Rhesus monkey. J. comp. Neurol. 123, 211–229 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrea, R.M.E., Mettler, F.A.: Physiologic consequences following extensive removals of the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei and effect of secondary cerebral ablations in the primate. J. comp. Neurol. 87, 169–288 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrea, R.M.E., Reissig, M., Mettler, F.A.: The climbing fibers of the simian and feline cerebellum. Experimental inquiry into their origin by lesions of the inferior olives and deep cerebellar nuclei. J. comp. Neurol. 87, 321–365 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W.W., Sprague, J.M.: Functional localization in the cerebellum. I. Organization in longitudinal cortico-nuclear zones and their contribution to the control of posture, both extrapyramidal and pyramidal. J. comp. Neurol. 103, 105–129 (1955a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W.W., Sprague, J.M.: Functional localization in the cerebellum. II. Somatotopic organization in cortex and nuclei. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 74, 653–680 (1955b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.T., Kostyuk, P.G.: Discharges of single neurons of the toad’s cerebellum evoked by stimulating the vestibular nerve. Sechenov J. Physiol. U.S.S.R. 46, 926–932 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, B., Goto, K., Shanzer, S., Weiss, A.H.: Eye movements induced by electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in the alert cat. Exp. Neurol. 13, 145–162 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D., Chambers, W. W., Sprague, J.M.: Experimental study of the efferent projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the brainstem of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 109, 233–259 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, G.J.: Functional localization within the anterior cerebellum. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 47, 205–207 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor, G.J., German, W.J.: Functional localization within the anterior cerebellar lobe. Trans. Amer, neurol. Ass. 67, 181–186 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, W.A., Jr., Cangiano, A., Pompeiano, O.: Vestibular influences on primary afferents in the spinal cord. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 299, 334–338 (1968a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, W. A., Jr., Cangiano, A., Pompeiano, O.: Vestibular evoked primary afferent depolarization in the lumbar spinal cord. Proc. XXIV int. Congr. physiol. Sci., Washington D.C., 7, 272 (1968b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, W. A., Jr., Cangiano, A., Pompeiano, O.: Vestibular control of transmission in primary afferents to the lumbar spinal cord. Arch. ital. Biol. 107, 296–320 (1968 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, W.A., Jr., Cangiano, A., Pompeiano, O.: Controllo cerebellare sulla trasmissione di impulsi spinali lungo le fibre afferenti muscolari di gruppo I. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 44, fasc. 20 bis, n. 85 (1968d).

    Google Scholar 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranmer, R.: Nystagmus related to lesions of the central vestibular apparatus and the cerebellum. Ann. Otol. (St. Louis) 60, 186–196 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D.R., Watkins, J.C.: The pharmacology of amino acids related to gamma-amino-butyric acid. Pharmacol. Rev. 17, 347–391 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demetriades, Th.D., Spiegel, E.A.: Zur Frage der Bedeutung des Kleinhirns für die Entwicklung von Spontannystagmus. Z. Hals-, Nas.- u. Ohrenheilk. 19, 250–257 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D.: The cerebral control of movement. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D., Eccles, J.C., Liddell, E.G.T.: Observation on electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex. Proc. roy. Soc. B 104, 518–536 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D., Gilman, S.: Depression of gamma innervation by cerebellectomy. Trans. Amer. neurol. Ass. 90, 96–101 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVito, R.V., Brusa, A., Arduini, A.: Cerebellar and vestibular influences on Deitersian units. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 241–253 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Diete-Spiff, K., Dodsworth, H., Pascoe, J.E.: An analysis of the effect of ether and ethyl chloride on the discharge frequency of gastrocnemius fusimotor neurones in the rabbit. In: D.Barker, Ed. Symposium on muscle receptors. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diete-Spiff, K., Carli, G., Pompeiano, O.: Analisi delle risposte motorie extra- ed intra-fusali prodotte dalla stimolazione elettrica del nervo ottavo e dei nuclei vestibolari nel gastrocnemio di gatto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 42, fase. 20 bis, n. 1 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

    Google Scholar 

  • Diete-Spiff, K., Carli, G., Pompeiano, O.: Spindle responses and extrafusal contraction on stimulation of the VIIIth cranial nerve or the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 293, 276–280 (1967a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diete-Spiff, K., Carli, G., Pompeiano, O.: Comparison of the effects of stimulation of the VIIIth cranial nerve, the vestibular nuclei or the reticular formation on the gastrocnemius muscle and its spindles. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 243–272 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A.M.: Comportamento delle reazioni oculari labirintiche nelle lesioni di una metà laterale del cervelletto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 26, 31–32 (1950a).

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A. M.: Réflexes vestibulares et cervelet. Acta oto-rhino-laryng. belg. 4, 282–294 (1950b).

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A.M.: Influenza della deviazione degli occhi da lesione cerebellare sui caratteri del nistagmo vestibuläre. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 26, 32–34 (1950c).

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A.M.: Signifícate della “via finale comune” nel determinismo delle reazioni asimmetriche vestibolari da lesioni del cervelletto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 31, 31–32 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A.M., Hahn, R.: Azione inibitrice della corteccia cerebellare stricninizzata sui riflessi vestibolari. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 27, 1354–1355 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiorgio, A.M., Pestellini, G.: Inibizione acquisita dei riflessi vestibolari. Significato degli emisferi cerebrali e del cervelletto. Arch. Fisiol. 48, 86–110 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohlman, G. F.: Histochemical studies of vestibular mechanisms. In: G. L.Rasmussen and W.F.Windle: Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C.Thomas 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohlman, G., Farkashidy, J., Salonna, F.: Centrifugal nerve fibres to the sensory epithelium of the vestibular labyrinth. J. Laryng. 72, 984 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S.: The relation of the paraflocculus to movements of the eyes. Amer. J. Physiol. 113, 296–298 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S.: The fiber connections of the posterior parts of the cerebellum in the rat and cat. J. comp. Neurol. 63, 527–548 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S.: Efferent connections of the flocculo-nodular lobe in Macaca mulatta. J. comp. Neurol. 68, 297–305 (1938a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S.: Effects of lesions in the vestibular part of the cerebellum in primates. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 40, 500–520 (1938b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R. S.: Cerebellar action potentials in response to stimulation of various afferent connections. J. Neurophysiol. 2, 543–555 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S., Manni, E.: The relationship of the cerebellum to extraocular movements. In: Bender, M.B. The oculomotor system. New York: Harper and Row 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R.S., Moruzzi, G.: The physiology and pathology of the cerebellum. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, S.: Effects extralabyrinthiques sur l’activité des cellules des noyaux vestibulaires. J. Physiol. (Paris) 52, 87–88 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dusser de Barenne, J.G.: Die Funktionen des Kleinhirns: Physiologie und allgemeine Neuropathologie. In: G.Alexander und O.Marburg. Handbuch der Neurologie des Ohres. Berlin: Urban und Schwarzenberg 1, 589–672 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dusser de Barenne, J.G.: Experimentelle Physiologie des Kleinhirns. In: O.Bumke und O.Foerster. Handbuch der Neurologie. Berlin: Springer 2, 235–267 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eager, R. P.: Efferent corticonuclear pathways in the cerebellum of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 120, 81–104 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C.: The physiology of synapses. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg- New York: Springer 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C.: Functional meaning of the patterns of synaptic connections in the cerebellum. Perspect. Biol. Med. 8, 289–310 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C., Ito, M., Szentágothai, J.: The cerebellum as a neuronal machine. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C., Llinás, R., Sasaki, K.: Excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the climbing fibers. Nature (Lond.) 203, 245–246 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C., Llinás, R., Sasaki, K.: The excitatory synaptic action of climbing fibers on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 182, 268–296 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, R.M., Lundberg, A.: Synaptic actions in motoneurons by afferents which may evoke the flexion reflex. Arch. ital. Biol. 97, 199–221 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldred, E., Granit, R., Merton, P.A.: Supraspinal control of the muscle spindles and its significance. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 122, 498–523 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engström, M.: On the double innervation of the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. Actaoto-laryng. (Stockh.) 49, 109–118 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Engström, H., Wersäll, J.: The ultrastructural organization of the organ of Corti and of the vestibular sensory epithelia. Exp. Cell Res., Suppl. 5, 460–492 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Erulkar, S.D., Sprague, J.M., Whitsel, B.L., Dogan, S., Jannetta, P.J.: Organization of the vestibular projection to the spinal cord of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 29, 626–664 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadiga, E., Pupilli, G.C.: Telesceptive components of the cerebellar function. Physiol. Rev. 44, 432–486 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, C.: Interrelations between flocculonodular lobe and vestibular system. In: G.L.Rasmussen and W.F.Windle. Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, C., Alzate, R., Lindsay, J.R.: Experimental observation on postural nystagmus. II. Lesions of nodulus. Ann. Otol. (St. Louis) 69, 94–114 (1960a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, C., Alzate, R., Lindsay, J.R.: Interrelations between flocculonodular lobe and vestibular system. In: G.L.Rasmussen and W.F.Windle. Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1960b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, C., Fredrickson, J.M.: Experimental cerebellar lesions and their effects on vestibular function. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 58, Suppl. 192, 52–62 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferraro, A., Barrera, S.E.: Differential features of “cerebellar” and “vestibular” phenomena in Macacus rhesus: Preliminary report based on experiments on 300 monkeys. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 39, 902–918 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, C.A., Hillman, D.E., Siegesmund, K.A., Dutta, C.R.: The primate cerebellar cortex: A Golgi and electron microscopic study. In: C.A.Fox and R.S.Snider. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 25. The cerebellum. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, J.M., Schwarz, D., Kornhuber, H.H.: Konvergenz und Interaktion vestibulärer und proprioceptiv-somatosensibler Afferenzen an Neuronen der Vestibulariskerne der Katze. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 281, 33 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, J.M., Schwarz, D., Kornhuber, H.H.: Convergence and interaction of vestibular and deep somatic afférents upon neurons in the vestibular nuclei of the catf Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 61, 168–188 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, A., Kornhuber, H.H.: Extraocular muscle afferents to the cerebellum of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200, 713–722 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, J.F., Connor, G.: The physiological basis of three major cerebellar syndromes. Trans. Amer, neurol. Ass. 65, 53–57 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gacek, R.R.: Efferent component of the vestibular nerve. In: G.L.Rasmussen and W.F.Windle. Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerebtzoff, M.A.: Les bases anatomiques de la physiologie du cervelet. Cellule 49, 71–166 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Giaquinto, S., Pompeiano, O., Santini, M.: Risposte di unità deitersiane a stimolazione graduata di nervi cutanei e muscolari in animali decerebrati a cervelletto integro. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 39, 524–527 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gidlöf, A.: Intracellular aspects of “release” phenomena in a-extensor motoneurones of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 68, Suppl. 277, 58 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S.: A crossed cerebellar influence on muscle spindles primaries. Brain Res. 8, 216–219 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S., McDonald, W.I.: Cerebellar facilitation of muscle spindle activity. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 1494–1512 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S., McDonald, W. J.: Relation of afferent fiber conduction velocity to reactivity of muscle spindle receptors after cerebellectomy. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 1513–1522 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S., van derMeulen, J.P.: Muscle spindle activity in dystonic and spastic monkeys. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 14, 553–563 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, G.M., Higgins, D.C.: Motor stability, stretch responses and the cerebellum. In: R.Granit, Ed. Nobel Symposium I. Muscle afférents and motor control. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleisner, L., Henriksson, N.G.: Efferent and afferent activity pattern in the vestibular nerve of the frog. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 58, Suppl. 192, 90–103 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, D.C., Hallett, R.E., Welch, R.B.: Patterns of localization in the cerebellar corticonuclear projections of the albino rat. J. comp. Neurol. 121, 51–67 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granit, R.: Receptors and sensory perception. New Haven: Yale University Press 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granit, R., Holmgren, B., Merton, P.A.: The two routes for excitation of muscle and their subservience to the cerebellum. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 130, 213–224 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granit, R., Kaada, B.: Influence of stimulation of central nervous structures on muscle spindles in cat. Acta physiol. scand. 27, 130–160 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granit, R., Pompeiano, O., Waltman, B.: Fast supraspinal control of mammalian muscle spindles: extra- and intrafusal co-activation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 147, 385–398 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, G.: Projection of the external cuneate nucleus onto the cerebellum in the cat. An experimental study using silver methods. Exp. Neurol. 5, 179–195 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, G., Aschan, G., Ekvall, L.: Nystagmus produced by localized cerebellar lesions. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 58, Suppl. 192, 78–84 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratscher, S.: Ueber den Einfluss von Reizungen des Kleinhirns auf den vestibulären Nystagmus. Klin. Beitr. Ohrenheilk. Festschrift für Prof. Urbantschisch. Berlin und Wien, 119, 289–312 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grillner, S., Hongo, T., Lund, S.: Interaction between the inhibitory pathways from the Deiters’ nucleus and la afférents to flexor motoneurones. Acta physiol. scand. 68, Suppl. 277, 61 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Groebbels, F.: Zur feineren Analyse der Beziehungen zwischen Labyrinth und Kleinhirn. Klin. Wschr. 6, 1806–1807 (1927a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grobbels, F.: Die Lage und Bewegungsreflexe der Vögel.V. Die physiologische Gruppierung der Lage- und Bewegungsreflexe der Haustaube und ihre weitere Analyse durch Labyrinthentfernung und galvanische Reizung nach Entfernung des Labyrinths und seiner Teile. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 217, 631–654 (1927b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gualtierotti, T., Passerini, D.: Soglia cerebellare alle accelerazioni rotatorie e sommazione temporale nel piccione viaggiatore. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 25, 115–118 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gualtierotti, T., Passerini, D.: Determinazione delle risposte rotatorie cerebellari dal flocculo-nodulo del gatto curarizzato. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 26, 79–82 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gualtierotti, T., Schreiber, B., Mainardi, D., Passerini, D.: Effect of acceleration on cerebellar potentials in birds and its relation to sense of direction. Amer. J. Physiol. 197, 469–474 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, R.: Eccitabilità vestibulare (stimolazione galvanica) dopo emidecerebellazione e decerebellazione totale. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 27, 27–28 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, R.: Influenza delle posizioni compensatorie oculari da riflessi otolitici e del collo sul-l’attività fasica da stimolazione vestibolare galvanica. Arch. Fisiol. 52, 20–29 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halstead, W. C.: The effect of cerebellar lesions upon habituation of postrotatory nystagmus. Comp. Psychol. Monogr. 12, 1–130 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Halstead, W.C., Yacorzynski, G., Fearing, F.: Further evidence of cerebellar influence in the habituation of after-nystagmus in pigeons. Amer. J. Physiol. 120, 350–355 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hámori, J., Szentágothai, J.: Identification under the electron microscope of climbing fibers and their synaptic contacts. Exp. Brain Res. 1, 65–81 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, J.L., Harrison, C.R., Woolsey, C.N.: Somatotopic localization in anterior lobe and lobulus simplex of cerebellum in cat and dog. Fed. Proc. 4, 31 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, J.L., Harrison, C.R., Woolsey, C.N.: Somatotopic localization in the cerebellum. Fed. Proc. 5, 41 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, J.L., Harrison, C.R., Woolsey, C.N.: Cerebro-cerebellar projections and the somatotopic localization of the motor function in the cerebellum. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 30, 299–316 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauglie-Hanssen, E.: Intrinsic neuronal organization of the vestibular nuclear complex in the cat. A Golgi study. Ergebn. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 40/5, 1–105 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Henatsch, H.D., Manni, E., Dow, R.S.: Effects of gamma loop interruption on cerebellar control of individual alpha motoneuron stretch reflexes. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 193–209 (1964a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henatsch, H.D., Manni, E., Wilson, J.H., Dow, R.S.: Linked and independent responses of tonic alpha and gamma hind-limb motoneurons to deep cerebellar stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 172–192 (1964b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, D.C., Glaser, G.H.: Stretch responses during chronic cerebellar ablation. A study of reflex instability. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 49–62 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilding, D., Wersäll, J.: Cholinesterase and its relation to the nerve endings in the inner ear. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 55, 205–217 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmqvist, B., Lundberg, A., Oscarsson, O.: Supraspinal inhibitory control of transmission to three ascending spinal pathways influenced by the flexion reflex afferents. Arch. ital. Biol. 98, 60–80 (1960a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmqvist, B., Lundberg, A., Oscarsson, O.: A supraspinal control system monosynaptically connected with an ascending spinal pathway. Arch. ital. Biol. 98, 402–422 (1960b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T.: Beiträge zur Funktion des Kleinhirnwurmes beim Kaninchen. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) Suppl. 2, 1–72 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, C.C.: The reflex activity of mammalian small-nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 115, 456–469 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Infantellina, F., Riva Sanseverino, E., Urbano, A.: Electroencephalographic changes as a result of labyrinthine stimulation after strychninization of the paraflocculus in the dog. Arch. ital. Biol. 101, 430–443 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, P.E., Farkashidy, J.: Studies on the efferent innervation of the vestibular end organs. Ann. Otol. (St. Louis) 70, 490–503 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Hongo, T., Yoshida, M., Okada, Y., Obata, K.: Intracellularly recorded antidromic responses of Deiters neurones. Experientia (Basel) 20, 295–296 (1964a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Hongo, T., Yoshida, M., Okada, Y., Obata, K.: Antidromic and trans-synaptic activation of Deiters neurones induced from the spinal cord. Jap. J. Physiol. 14, 638–658 (1964b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Kawai, N.: IPSP receptive field in the cerebellum for Deiters neurones. Proc. Jap. Acad. 40, 762–764 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Kawai, N., Udo, M.: The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition and facilitation in the neurones of Deiters and intracerebellar nuclei. Proc. XXIII. int. Congr. physiol. Sci., Tokyo, 997, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Kawai, N., Udo, M.: The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones. III. Distribution of the inhibitory zone. Exp. Brain Res. 4, 310–320 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Obata, K., Ochi, R.: Initiation of IPSP in Deiters and fastigial neurones associated with the activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Proc. Jap. Acad. 40, 765–768 (1964 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Obata, K., Ochi, R.: The origin of cerebellar-evoked inhibition of Deiters’ neurones. II. Temporal correlation between the transsynaptic activation of Purkinje cells and the inhibition of Deiters neurones. Exp. Brain Res. 2, 350–364 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Yoshida, M.: The cerebellar-evoked monosynaptic inhibition of Deiters neurones. Experientia (Basel) 20, 515–516 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Yoshida, M.: The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones. I. Monosynaptic initiation of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Exp. Brain Res. 2, 330–349 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, M., Yoshida, M., Obata, K.: Monosynaptic inhibition of the intracerebellar nuclei induced from the cerebellar cortex. Experientia (Basel) 20, 575–576 (1964d).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iurato, S., Taidelli, G.: Relationships and structure of the so-called “much granulated nerve endings” in the crista ampullaris (as studied by means of serial sections). In: M.Titlbach. Electron microscopy. Proc. Third European regional conference, Prague. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, Vol. D, 325–326, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankowska, E., Lund, S., Lundberg, A., Pompeiano, O.: Inibizione postsinaptica dei motoneuroni prodotti dalla stimolazione della formazione reticolare del tronco dell’encefalo. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 40, 1971–1973 (1964a).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jankowska, E., Lund, S., Lundberg, A., Pompeiano, O.: Postsynaptic inhibition in motoneurones evoked from the lower reticular formation. Experientia (Basel) 20, 701 (1964b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jankowska, E., Lund, S., Lundberg, A., Pompeiano, O.: Inhibitory effects evoked through ventral reticulospinal pathways. Arch. ital. Biol. 106, 124–140 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J., Brodal, A.: Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. II. The cortico-nuclear projection. J. comp. Neurol. 73, 267–321 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J., Brodal, A.: Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. Thecortico-nuclear projection in the rabbit and the monkey (Macacus rhesus). Norske Vid.-Akad. Oslo (Avh.), I, Mat. Naturv. Kl., 3, 1–50 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J., Brodal, A.: Das Kleinhirn. In: W.v.Möllendorff and W.Bargmann. Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Vol. 4/8. Nervensystem. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J., Jansen, J.K.S.: On the efferent fibers of the cerebellar nuclei in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 102, 607–623 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J.K.S.: On fusimotor reflex activity. In: R.Granit, Ed. Nobel Symposium I. Muscular afferents and motor control. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J.K.S., Matthews, P.B.C.: The central control of the dynamic response of muscle spindle receptors. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 161, 357–378 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasahara, M., Mano, N., Oshima, T., Ozawa, S., Shimazu, H.: Contralateral short latency inhibition of central vestibular neurons in the horizontal canal system. Brain Res. 8, 376–378 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klejin, A.de, Magnus, R.: Ueber die Unabhängigkeit der Labyrinthreflexe vom Kleinhirn und über die Lage der Zentren für die Labyrinthreflexe im Hirnstamm. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 178, 124–178 (1920).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleyn, A.de: Die reziproke Innervation der Augenmuskeln des Kaninchens bei calorischer Reizung nach totaler Cerebellumexstirpation. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 8, 195–198 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimoff, I.A.: Concerning the connections of the cerebellum with the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (in russian). Vrachebnoe St. Petersburgh 17, 1013–1014 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, Y., Oshima, K., Tasaki, I.: Analysis of afferent and efferent systems in the muscle nerve of the toad and cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 117, 152–171 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koella, W.: Experimentell-physiologischer Beitrag zum Nystagmusproblem. Helvet. physiol. Acta 5, 154–168 (1947a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koella, W.: Die Beeinflussbarkeit des postrotatorischen Augennystagmus durch propriozeptive Halsreflexe beim Kaninchen. Helvet. physiol. Acta 5, 430–440 (1947b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuriyama, K., Haber, B., Sisken, B., Roberts, E.: The γ-amino-butyric acid system in rabbit cerebellum. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 846–852 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzume, G.: Experimentell-anatomische Untersuchungen über die inneren und äusseren Verbindungen des Flocculus und der Kleinhirnkerne (hauptsächlich des Dachkerns). Foliaanat. jap. 4, 75–110 (1926a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuzume, G.: Experimental anatomical studies on the nerve fibers of the flocculus cerebelli and the nucleus cerebelli (mainly nuclei tecti). Jap. med. World (Tokio) 6, 137–139 (1926b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladpli, R., Brodal, A.: Experimental studies of commissural and reticular formation projections from the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Brain Res. 8, 65–96 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • leGros Clark, W.E.: The termination of ascending tract in the thalamus of the macaque monkey. J. Anat. (Lond.) 71, 7–40 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leguin, J.J., Magherini, P.C. and Pompeiano, O.: Cholinergic mechanisms related to REM sleep. III. Tonic and phasic inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes induced by an anticho linesterase in the decerebrate cal. Arch. ital. Biol. 111, 1–23 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leidler, R.: Kann von der Substanz des Kleinhirns direkt rhythmischer Nystagmus erzeugt werden? Klin. Beitr. Ohrenheilk. Festschrift für Prof. Urbantschisch, Berlin und Wien 119, 403–412 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liljestrand, G., Magnus, R.: Ueber die Wirkung des Novokains auf den normalen und den tetanusstarren Skelettmuskel und über die Entstehung der lokalen Muskelstarre beim Wundstarrkrampf. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 176, 168–208 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R.: Mechanisms of supraspinal actions upon spinal cord activities. Differences between reticular and cerebellar inhibitory actions upon alpha extensor motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 1117–1126 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Bloedel, J.: Climbing fibre activation of Purkinje cells in the frog cerebellum. Brain Res. 3, 299–302 (1966/1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Bloedel, J.: Frog cerebellum: Absence of long-term inhibition upon Purkinje cells. Science 155, 601–603 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Precht, W., Kitai, S.T.: Climbing fibre activation of Purkinje cell following primary vestibular afferent stimulation in the frog. Brain Res. 6, 371–375 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Terzuolo, C.A.: Mechanisms of supraspinal actions upon spinal cord activities. Reticular inhibitory mechanisms on alpha extensor motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 579–591 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Terzuolo, C.A.: Mechanisms of supraspinal actions upon spinal cord activities. Reticular inhibitory mechanisms upon flexor motoneurones. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 413–422 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorente de Nó, R.: Ausgewählte Kapitel aus der vergleichenden Physiologie des Labyrinthes: Die Augenmuskelreflexe beim Kaninchen und ihre Grundlagen. Ergebn. Physiol. 32, 73–242 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorente de Nó, R.: Synaptic stimulation of motoneurons as a local process. J. Neurophysiol. 1, 195–206 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Löwenthal, M., Horsley, V.: On the relations between the cerebellar and other centers (namely cerebral and spinal) with special reference to the action of antagonistic muscles. Proc. roy. Soc. B 61, 20–25 (1897).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowy, R.: Über die Faseranatomie und Physiologie der Formatio vermicularis cerebelli. Arb. neurol. Inst. Univ. Wien 21, 359–382 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, S., Pompeiano, O.: Descending pathways with monosynaptic action on motoneurones. Experientia (Basel) 21, 602–603 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lund, S., Pompeiano, O.: Monosynaptic excitation of alpha motoneurones from supraspinal structures in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 73, 1–21 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, A.: Ascending spinal hindlimb pathways in the cat. In J.C.Eccles and J.P.Schadé, Eds. Progress in brain research. Vol. 12. Physiology of spinal neurons. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maffei, L., Pompeiano, O.: Sugli effetti della stimolazione del tegmento mesencefalico dopo interruzione della via rubro-spinale. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 37, 435–437 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maffei, L., Pompeiano, O.: Effects of stimulation of the mesencephalic tegmentum following interruption of the rubrospinal tract. Arch. ital. Biol. 100, 510–525 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnus, R.: Welche Teile des Zentralnervensystems müssen für das Zustandekommen des tonischen Hals- und Labyrinthreflexes auf die Körpermuskulatur vorhanden sein? Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 159, 224–249 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnus, R.: Körperstellung. Berlin: Springer 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magoun, H.W., Rhines, R.: Spasticity. The stretch-reflex and extrapyramidal systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manni, E.: Localizzazioni cerebellari corticali nella cavia. II. Effetti di lesioni delle “partivestibolari” del cervelletto. Arch. Fisiol. 50, 110–123 (1950).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manni, E., Azzena, G.B., Casey, H., Dow, R.S.: Influence of the labyrinth on the unitary discharge of the oculomotor nucleus and some adjacent formations. Exp. Neurol. 12, 9–24 (1965a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manni, E., Azzena, G.B., Dow, R.S.: Cerebellar influences on the unitary discharge of the oculomotor nucleus and adjacent structures. Exp. Neurol. 13, 252–263 (1965b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manni, E., Dow, R.S.: Some observations on the effects of cerebellectomy in the rat. J. comp. Neurol. 121, 189–194 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manni, E., Henatsch, H.D., Henatsch, E.M., Dow, R.S.: Localization of facilitatory and inhibitory sites in and around the cerebellar nuclei affecting limb posture, alpha and gamma motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 210–228 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mano, N., Oshima, T., Shimazu, H.: Inhibitory commissural fibers interconnecting the bilateral vestibular nuclei. Brain Res. 8, 378–382 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marburg, O.: Die Anatomie des Kleinhirns. Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk. 81, 8–35 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matano, S., Zyo, K., Ban, T.: Experimental studies on the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the rabbit. I. Fibers originating in the vestibular nuclei. Med. J. Osaka Univ. 14, 339–370 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, P. B. C.: The effect of the local application of procaine on the stretch reflex of the soleus muscle of the cat decerebrated by anaemia. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 140, 408–420 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, P.B.C.: The differentiation of two types of fusimotor fibre by their effects on the dynamic response of muscle spindle primary endings. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 47, 324–333 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, P.B.C.: Muscle spindles and their motor control. Physiol. Rev. 44, 219–288 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, P.B.C., Phillips, C.G., Rushworth, G.: Afferent systems converging upon cerebellar Purkinje cells in the frog. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 43, 38–52 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMasters, R.E., Weiss, A.H., Carpenter, M.B.: Vestibular projections to the nuclei of the extraocular muscles. Degeneration resulting from discrete partial lesions of the vestibular nuclei in the monkey. Amer. J. Anat. 118, 163–194 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menzio, P.: Riflessi labirintici in animali trattati con streptomicina e significato delle lesioni cerebellari. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 26, 39–41 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G.: Effects at different frequencies of cerebellar stimulation upon postural tonus and myotatic reflexes. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol. 2, 463–469 (1950a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G.: Problems in cerebellar physiology. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1950b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Inversione dell’inibizione paleocerebellare prodotta dalla distruzione parziale del nucleo del tetto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 30, 493–494 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Scomparsa della rigidità da decerebrazione prodotta da lesione della parte caudale del núcleo del tetto contralaterale. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 31, 801–803 (1955a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Influenze cerebellari crociate sul tono posturale. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 18, 420–424 (1955b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: La inibizione propriocettiva riflessa corne causa dell’atonia fastigiale. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 19, 326–330 (1955c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: L’inibizione riflessa nel meccanismo dell’atonia fastigiale. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 31, 803–804 (1955d).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Effetti della sezione intracranica del nervo VIII sull’atonia fastigiale crociata. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 31, 1238–1239 (1955e).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Soppressione dell’atonia fastigiale del gatto decerebrato mediante sezione del N. VIII contralaterale. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 19, 471–475 (1955f).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Effetti di lesioni croniche del nucleo del tetto sulle risposte alla stimolazione elettrica della corteccia cerebellare vermiana del lobus anterior. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 21, 333–334 (1956a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Crossed fastigial atonia. Experientia (Basel) 12, 35 (1956b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Crossed fastigial influence on decerebrate rigidity. J. comp. Neurol. 106, 371–392 (1956c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Effects of vermal stimulation after fastigial lesions. Arch. ital. Biol. 95, 31–55 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G., Pompeiano, O.: Inhibitory mechanisms underlying the collapse of decerebrate rigidity after unilateral fastigial lesions. J. comp. Neurol. 107, 1–25 (1957b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mugnaini, E., Walberg, F.: An experimental electron microscopical study on the mode of termination of cerebellar corticovestibular fibres in the cat lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters’ nucleus). Exp. Brain Res. 4, 212–236 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mugnaini, E., Walberg, F., Brodal, A.: Mode of termination of primary vestibular fibres in the lateral vestibular nucleus. An experimental electron microscopical study in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 4, 187–211 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg-Hansen, R.: Origin and termination of fibers from the vestibular nuclei descending in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 122, 355–367 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg-Hansen, R., Mascitti, T.A.: Sites and mode of termination of vestibulo-spinal fibers in the cat. An experimental study with silver methods. J. comp. Neurol. 122, 369–387 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obata, K.: Pharmacological study on postsynaptic inhibition of Deiters neurones. Proc. XXIII int. Congr. physiol. Sci., Tokyo, 958, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obata, K., Ito, M., Ochi, R., Sato, N.: Pharmacological properties of the postsynaptic inhibition by Purkinje cell axons and the action of?-aminobutyric acid on Deiters neurones. Exp. Brain Res. 4, 43–57 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O.: Functional organization of the spino- and cuneocerebellar tracts. Physiol. Rev. 45, 495–522 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, B. W.: Effect of tilting on the activity of neurons in the vestibular nuclei of the cat. Brain Res. 6, 606–609 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petroff, A.E.: An experimental investigation of the origin of efferent fiber projections to the vestibular neuro-epithelium. Anat. Rec. 121, 352–353 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, L.J., Davis, L.: Studies in decerebration. I. A method of decerebration. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 10, 391–398 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, L.J., Davis, L.: The influence of the cerebellum upon the reflex activities of the decerebrate animal. Brain 50, 277–312 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, L.J., Davis, L.: Studies in decerebration. V. The tonic activities of a decerebrate animal exclusive of the neck and labyrinthine reflexes. Amer. J. Physiol. 92, 625–629 (1930a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, L. J., Davis, L.: The reflex activities of a decerebrate animal. J. comp. Neurol. 50, 377–341 (1930b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, L.J., Davis, L.: Studies in decerebration. VI. The effect of deafferentation upon decerebrate rigidity. Amer. J. Physiol. 98, 47–49 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Responses of electrical stimulation of the intermediate part of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the decerebrate cat. Arch. ital. Biol. 96, 330–360 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Localizzazione delle risposte posturali alla stimolazione elettrica del nucleo di Deiters nel gatto decerebrato. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 36, 608–609 (1960a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Risposte posturali localizzate alla stimolazione stereotassica del nucleo di Deiters. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 28, 705–706 (1960b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Organizzazione somatotopica delle risposte posturali alla stimolazione elettrica del núcleo di Deiters nel gatto decerebrato. Arch. Sci. biol. (Bologna) 44, 497–511 (1960c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Organizzazione somatotopica delle risposte posturali alla stimolazione e alla distruzione della parte caudale del núcleo del tetto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 37, 916–918 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Somatotopic organization of the postural responses to stimulation and destruction of the caudal part of the fastigial nucleus. Arch. ital. Biol. 100, 259–271 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Sui rapporti anatomo-funzionali tra cervelletto e midollo spinale. In: V. Floris, Ed. Fisiopatologia e clinica del cervelletto. Riv. Pat. nerv. ment. 33–164 (1966a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Discussion of Dr. Shapovalov’s paper. Pag. 348. In: R. Granit, Ed. Nobel Symposium I. Muscular afférents and motor control. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1966b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Functional organization of the cerebellar projections to the spinal cord. In: C.A. Fox and R.S. Snider. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 25. The cerebellum. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Brodal, A.: The origin of vestibulospinal fibres in the cat. An experimental-anatomical study, with comments on the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus. Arch. ital. Biol. 95, 166–195 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Brodal, A.: Spino-vestibular fibers in the cat. An experimental study. J. comp. Neurol. 108, 353–382 (1957b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Risposte di unità deitersiane alla stimolazione galvanica localizzata della corteccia cerebellare vermiana del lobus anterior. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 35, 383–384 (1959a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Localizzazione topografica delle risposte deitersiane alla polarizzazione della corteccia cerebellare vermiana del lobus anterior. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 35, 385–386 (1959b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Dimostrazione dell’esistenza di proiezioni localizzate cerebello-deitersiane. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 26, 284–287 (1959c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Modificazione dell’attività di singole unità deitersiane per stimolazioni della periferia sensitiva. Boll. soc. ital. Biol. sper. 35, 1221–1222 (1959d).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Convergenza d’impulsi afferenti su unità deitersiane che rispondono alla stimolazione localizzata del cervelletto. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 27, 76–79 (1959e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Inibizione cerebellare delle risposte di unità deitersiane a stimolazioni labirintiche. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 27, 238–241 (1959f).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Analisi microelettrodica delle proiezioni cerebello-deitersiane. Arch Sci. biol. (Bologna) 43, 57–101 (1959g).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Cotti, E.: Effetti della stimolazione corticocerebellare sull’attività di singole unità deitersiane provocata da stimolazioni labirintiche. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 36, 303–304 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Diete-Spiff, K., Carli, G.: Componenti precoci e tardive nella risposta dei recettori fusali alla stimolazione del núcleo di Deiters. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 43, 273–275 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Diete-Spiff, K., Carli, G.: Two pathways transmitting vestibulospinal influences from the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters to extensor fusimotor neurones. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 293, 272–275 (1967b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poppele, R.E.: Response of gamma and alpha motor systems to phasic and tonic vestibular inputs. Brain Res. 6, 535–547 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Precht, W., Shimazu, H.: Functional connection of tonic and kinetic vestibular neurons with primary vestibular afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 1014–1028 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Precht, W., Shimazu, H., Markham, C.H.: A mechanism of central compensation of vestibular function following hemilabyrinthectomy. J. Neurophysiol. 29, 996–1010 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price, J.B., Spiegel, E.A.: Vestibulo-cerebral pathways. A contribution to the central mechanism of vertigo. Arch. Otolaryng. 26, 658–667 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rademaker, G.G.J.: Das Stehen: Statische Reaktionen, Gleichgewichtsreaktionen und Muskeltonus unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres Verhaltens bei kleinhirnlosen Tieren. Berlin: Springer 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S.W., Ingram, W.R.: The diencephalic course and termination of the medial lemniscus and brachium conjunctivum. J. comp. Neurol. 56, 257–275 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, A.T.: Origin and course of the fasciculus uncinatus (Russel) in the cat, with observation on other fiber tracts arising from the cerebellar nuclei. J. comp. Neurol. 57, 165–197 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, G.L., Gacek, R.: Concerning the question of the efferent fiber component of the vestibular nerve of the cat. Anat. Rec. 130, 361 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rexed, B.: A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the spinal cord in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 100, 297–380 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riva Sanseverino, E., Urbano, A.: Effetti della stimolazione labirintica rotatoria sul-l’attività elettrica del paraflocculo e di altri lobuli cerebellari, nel gatto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 41, 89–91 (1965a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riva Sanseverino, E., Urbano, A.: Modificazioni dell’attività bioelettrica del paraflocculo e di altri lobuli cerebellari, ottenute nel gatto non anestetizzato mediante stimolazione labirintica rotatoria. Rend. Accad. naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. nat., Serie VIII, 38, 933–937 (1965b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Riva Sanseverino, E., Urbano, A.: Electrical activity of paraflocculus and other cerebellar lobuli following vestibular rotatory stimulation in the cat. Arch. Sci. biol. (Bologna) 49, 83–96 (1965c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, G.: L’innervation efférente des récepteurs vestibulaires. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 58, 230–238 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, G., Cortesina, G.: Il “sistema efferente colinergico cocleovestibulare”. Minerva otorinolaring. 12, 173–195 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, G., Cortesina, G.: Research on the efferent innervation of the inner ear. J. Laryng. 77, 202–233 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, G., Cortesina, G.: The “efferent cochlear and vestibular system” in Lepus cuniculus L. Acta anat. (Basel) 60, 362–381 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, E., Fincher, E.F.: Anatomical and physiological observations on lesions in the cerebellar nuclei in Macacus rhesus. Brain 50, 350–356 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: Modificazioni dell’attività del nervo vestibulare a seguito della stimolazione del sistema vestibulare efferente. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 38, 1048–1050 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: Modifications of the vestibular nerve activity by stimulation of the efferent vestibular system. Experientia (Basel) 19, 39 (1963 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: Effetti della stimolazione ad alta frequenza del sistema vestibolare efferente. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 39, 872–873 (1963b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: Ricerche elettrofisiologiche sul sistema vestibolare efferente. Valsalva 39, 9–21 (1963c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: Modificazioni dei potenziali continui ampollan indotte dalla stimolazione del sistema efferente vestibolare. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 40, 57–59 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sala, O.: The efferent vestibular system. Electrophysiological research. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) Suppl. 197, 34 pp. (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R.S.: Frog labyrinthine efferent impulses. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 56, 51–64 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapovalov, A.I.: Excitation and inhibition of spinal neurones during supraspinal stimulation. In: R. Granit, Ed. Nobel Symposium I. Muscular afferents and motor control. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapovalov, A.I., Kurchavyi, G.G., Strogonova, M.P.: Synaptic mechanisms of vestibulospinal influences on alpha-motoneurons. Fiziol. Zh. (Mosk.) 52, 1401 (1966). Neuroscience Translations 1, 91–100 (1967/1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherrington, C.S.: The mammalian spinal cord as an organ of reflex action. Proc. roy. Soc. B 61, 220–221 (1897).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherrington, C. S.: Experiments in examination of the peripheral distribution of the fibers of the posterior roots of some spinal nerves. Phil. Trans. B 190, 45–286 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu, H.: Mutual interactions between bilateral vestibular nuclei and their significance in motor regulation. In: M.D. Yahr and D.P. Purpura, Eds. Neurophysiological basis of normal and abnormal motor activities. Hewlett, New York: Raven Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu, H., Precht, W.: Tonic and kinetic responses of cat’s vestibular neurons to horizontal angular acceleration. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 991–1013 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu, H., Precht, W.: Inhibition of central vestibular neurons from the contralateral labyrinth and its mediating pathway. J. Neurophysiol. 29, 467–492 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonelli, G., diGiorgio, A.M.: I rapporti dell’azione cerebellare con alcuni riflessi concernenti l’orientamento e l’equilibrio del corpo. Arch. Fisiol. 24, 461–535 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonelli, G., diGiorgio, A.M.: Il comportamento del nistagmo spontaneo e provocato nelle lesioni asimmetriche del cervelletto. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 6, 206–211 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snider, R.S.: Alterations which occur in mossy terminals of the cerebellum following transection of the brachium pontis. J. comp. Neurol. 64, 417–435 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snider, R.S., McCullock, W.S., Magoun, H.W.: A cerebello-bulbo-reticular pathway for suppression. J. Neurophysiol. 12, 325–334 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snider, R.S., Stowell, S.: Receiving areas of the tactile, auditory and visual systems in the cerebellum. J. Neurophysiol. 7, 331–357 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E.A., Demetriades, Th.D.: Die zentrale Kompensation des Labyrinthverlustes. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 210, 215–222 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E.A., Scala, N.P.: Vertical nystagmus following lesions of the cerebellar vermis. Arch. Ophthal. (N.Y.) 26, 661–669 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E.A., Scala, N.P.: Positional nystagmus in cerebellar lesions. J. Neurophysiol. 5, 247–260 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, J.M., Chambers, W.W.: Regulation of posture in intact and decerebrate cat. I. Cerebellum, reticular formation, vestibular nuclei. J. Neurophysiol. 16, 451–463 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, J.M., Chambers, W.W.: Control of posture by reticular formation and cerebellum in the intact anesthetized and unanesthetized and in the decerebrate cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 176, 52–64 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, J.M., Ha, H.: The terminal fields of dorsal root fibres in the lumbosacral cord of the cat, and the dendritic organization of the motor nuclei. In: J.C. Eccles and J.P. Schade, Eds. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 11. Organization of the spinal cord. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stella, G.: Nuove osservazioni sugli effetti della stimolazione del paleocerebello nell’animale decerebrato Atti Soc. med.-chir. Padova 23, 22–24 (1944a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stella, G.: Sul meccanismo della rigidità da decerebrazione in arti deafferentati. Atti. Soc. med.-chir. Padova 23, 5–16 (1944b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stella, G.: Influenza del cervelletto sulla rigidità da decerebrazione. Atti Soc. med.-chir. Padova 23, 17–21 (1944c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stella, G.: Nuove osservazioni sull’attività riflessa tonica del cervelletto nell’animale decerebrato. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 22, 78–80 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stella, G., Zatti, P., Sperti, L.: Decerebrate rigidity in forelegs after deafferentation and spinal transection in dogs with chronic lesion in different parts of the cerebellum. Amer. J. Physiol. 181, 230–234 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szentágothai, J., Rajkovits, K.: Über den Ursprung der Kletterfasern des Kleinhirns. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 121, 130–141 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terzian, H., Terzuolo, C.: Le componenti automatiche e riflesse del tono posturale. Arch. Fisiol. 54, 37–61 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terzuolo, C.A.: Cerebellar inhibitory and excitatory actions upon spinal extensor moto-neurones. Arch. ital. Biol. 97, 316–339 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terzuolo, C.A., Terzian, H.: Sul meccanismo della rigidità da decerebrazione in arti anteriori cronicamente deafferentati. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 27, 1317–1318 (1951a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terzuolo, C.A., Terzian, H.: Riflessi di Magnus e tono posturale in arti sottoposti a de-afferentazione acuta o crónica. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 27, 1319–1320 (1951b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terzuolo, C.A., Terzian, H.: Cerebellar increase of postural tonus after deafferentation and labyrinthectomy. J. Neurophysiol. 16, 551–561 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc-Dumont, S.: Contribution à l’étude du contrôle d’origine réticulaire des intégrations sensorimotrices. Thèse à la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Paris, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vachananda, B.: The major spinal afferent systems to the cerebellum and the cerebellar corticonuclear connection in Macaca mulatta. J. comp. Neurol. 112, 303–352 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VanderMeulen, J.P., Gilman, S.: Recovery of muscle spindle activity in cats after cerebellar ablation. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 943–957 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VanderMeulen, J.P., Gilman, S., Denny-Brown, D.: Muscle spindle activity in animals with chronic lesions of the central nervous system. In: R. Granit, Ed. Nobel Symposium I. Muscle afferents and motor control. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voogd, J.: The cerebellum of the cat. Structure and fibre connexions. Leiden: Van Gorcum and Co. N.V., Dr. Prakke, H.J. and H.M.G. Prakke 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voorhoeve, P.E., vanKanten, R.W.: Reflex behaviour of fusimotor neurones of the cat upon electrical stimulation of various afferent fibres. Acta physiol. pharmacol. neerl. 10, 391–407 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, F., Bowsher, D., Brodal, A.: The termination of primary vestibular fibers in the vestibular nuclei in the cat. An experimental study with silver methods. J. comp. Neurol. 110, 391–419 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, F., Jansen, J.: Cerebellar corticovestibular fibers in the cat. Exp. Neurol. 3, 32–52 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, F., Jansen, J.: Cerebellar corticonuclear projection studied experimentally with silver impregnation methods. J. Hirnforsch. 6, 338–354 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, F., Pompeiano, O., Brodal, A., Jansen, J.: The fastigio-vestibular projection in the cat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods. J. comp. Neurol. 118, 49–75 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, P.D.: Excitability changes in afferent fibre terminations and their relation to slow potentials. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 142, 1–21 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallenberg, A.: Secundäre Bahnen aus den frontalen sensiblen Trigeminuskernen des Kaninchens. Anat. Anz. 26, 145–155 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wersäll, J.: Studies on the structure and innervation of the sensory epithelium of the cristae ampullares in the guinea pig. A light- and electron-microscopic investigation. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.). Suppl. 126, 1–85 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wersäll, J.: Electron micrographic studies of vestibular hair cell innervation. In: G.L. Rasmussen and W.L. Windle, Eds. Neural mechanisms of auditory and vestibular systems. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wersäll, J., Gleisner, L., Lundquist, P.-G.: Ultrastructure of the vestibular end organs. In: A.V.S. de Reuck and J. Knight. Myotatic, kinesthetic and vestibular mechanisms. Ciba Foundation Symposium. London: J. and A. Churchill 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Kato, M., Thomas, R.C.: Excitation of lateral vestibular neurones. Nature (Lond.) 206, 96–97 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Kato, M., Thomas, R.C., Peterson, B.W.: Excitation of lateral vestibular neurons by peripheral afferent fibers. J. Neurophysiol. 29, 508–529 (1966a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Kato, M., Peterson, B.W.: Convergence of inputs on Deiters neurones. Nature (Lond.) 211, 1409–1411 (1966b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Kato, M., Peterson, B.W., Wylie, R.M.: A single-unit analysis of the organization of Deiters’ nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 603–619 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Wylie, R.M., Marco, L.A.: Projection to the spinal cord from the medial and descending vestibular nuclei of the cat. Nature (Lond.) 215, 429–430 (1967b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Wylie, R.M., Marco, L.A.: Organization of the medial vestibular nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 166–175 (1968a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, V.J., Wylie, R.M., Marco, L.A.: Synaptic inputs to cells in the medial vestibular nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 176–185 (1968b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, C.: Le cervelet. In: Anatomie du Système Nerveux, Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn 3, 108–367 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pompeiano, O. (1974). Cerebello-Vestibular Interrelations. In: Kornhuber, H.H. (eds) Vestibular System Part 1: Basic Mechanisms. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 6 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65942-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65942-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65944-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65942-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics