Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 64))

Abstract

Ciliates are eukaryotic unicellular organisms characterized by, (1) cilia on the cell surface, and (2) two types of nuclei which have differentiated into the “germinal” micronucleus and the “somatic” macronucleus in a single cell.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adoutte, A., Beisson, J.: Cytoplasmic inheritance of erythromycin resistant mutations in Paramecium aurelia. Molec. gen. Genet. 108, 70–77 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beale, G. H.: The genetics of Paramecium aurelia. Cambridge: University Press 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Beisson, J., Sonneborn, T. M.: Cytoplasmic inheritance of the organization of the cell cortex in Paramecium aurelia. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 53, 275–282 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butschli, O.: Studien über die ersten Entwicklungsvorgange der Einzelle, die Zellteilung und der Konjugation der Infusorien. Abhandl. Senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 10, 1–150 (1876)

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B. C.: Mutagenic analysis of mating type and isolation of reactive cilia of both mating types in the ciliated protozoan, Paramecium aurelia syngen 4. Ph. D. Dissertation, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Indiana, U.S. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Calkins, G. N.: The biology of the Protozoa. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger 1933

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T. T.: Induction of conjugation in Paramecium bursaria among animals of one mating type by fluid from another mating type. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 31, 404–410 (1945)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L. W.: The basis for the circadian rhythm of mating in Paramecium bursaria. Exp. Cell Res. 37, 360–367 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L. W., Siegel, R. W.: The mating-type substances of Paramecium bursaria. Genet. Res. 4, 143–150 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronkite, D. L.: Genetics of chemical induction of conjugation in Paramecium aurelia. Ph. D. Dissertation, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Indiana, U.S. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Diller, W. F.: Nuclear reorganization processes in Paramecium aurelia, with descriptions of autogamy and “hemixis”. J. Morph. 59, 11–67 (1936)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, A. M., Tremor, J. W.: The fine structure of the pellicle in the contact area of conjugating Tetrahymena pyriformis. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4, 839–840 (1958)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushi, T., Hiwatashi, K.: Preparation of mating reactive cilia from Paramecium caudatum by MnCl2. J. Protozool. 17 (suppl.), 21 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grell, K. G.: Morphologie und Fortpflanzung der Protozoen. Fortsch. Zool. 14, 1–85 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grell, K. G.: Sexual reproduction in Protozoa. In: Research in Protozoology II. (T.T. Chen, ed.). Oxford-New York: Pergamon 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Grell, K. G.: Protozoologie, 2. Aufl. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1968

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, E. D.: Protozoan development. In: Chemical zoology I. Protozoa (M. Florkin et al., ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, M., Schartau, O.: Untersuchungen über die Befruchtungsstoffe der Seeigel. I. Biol. Zbl. 59, 571–587 (1939)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann, K.: Paarungssystem und genabhängige Paarungstypdifferenzierung bei dem hypotrichen Ciliaten Euplotes vannus O. F. Müller. Arch. Protistenk. 106, 393–421 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann, K.: Experimented Untersuchungen an Euplotes crassus. I. Paarungssystem, Konjugation und Determination der Paarungstypen. Z. Vererbungsl. 95, 114–124 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann, K., Siegel, R. W.: Evidence for the induction of mating-type substances by cell to cell contacts. Exp. Cell Res. 36, 688–691 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hertwig, R.: Über die Conjugation der Infusorien. Abh. Kgl. bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, math.-phys. Kl. 17, 151–233 (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Studies on the conjugation of Paramecium caudatum. I. Mating types and groups in the races obtained in Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 18, 137–140 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Studies on the conjugation of Paramecium caudatum. II. Induction of pseudoselfing pairs by formalin killed animals. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 18, 141–143 (1949a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Studies on the conjugation of Paramecium caudatum. III. Some properties of the mating type substances. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 18, 270–275 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Studies on the conjugation of Paramecium caudatum. IV. Conjugating behavior of individuals of two mating types marked by a vital staining method. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 19, 95–99 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Studies on the conjugation of Paramecium caudatum. VI. On the nature of the union of conjugation. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 21, 207–218 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Induction of conjugation by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in Paramecium caudatum. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 25, 81–90 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Locality of mating reactivity on the surface of Paramecium caudatum. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Biol.) 27, 93–99 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Paramecium. In: Fertilization. II (C. B. Metz and A. Monroy, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatashi, K.: Induction of conjugation in P. caudatum by EDTA, MnCl2, and CoCl2. In: Sonneborn, T.M.: Chap. 12. Methods in Paramecium research. In: Methods in cell physiology. IV (D. M. Prescott, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Inaba, F.: Conjugation between two species of Blepharisma. J. Protozool. 12, 146–151 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Inaba, F., Imamoto, K., Suganuma, Y.: Electron-microscopic observations on nuclear exchange during conjugation in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Proc. Japan Acad. 42, 394–398 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Inaba, F., Nakamura, R., Yamaguchi, S.: An electronmicroscopic study on the pigment granules of Blepharisma. Cytologia 23, 72–79 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, Y.: Artificial induction of autogamy-like nuclear changes in Paramecium caudatum. Zool. Magazine 78, 71 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, H. S.: Sex reaction types and their interrelation in Paramecium bursaria. I. and II. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 24, 112–120 (1938)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, H. S.: Genetics of Paramecium bursaria. I. Mating types and groups, their interrelations and distribution; mating behavior and self sterility. Genetics 24, 202–233 (1939)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurand, A., Selman, G. G.: The anatomy of Paramecium aurelia. New York: Macmillan St. Martin’s Press. 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Katashima, R.: Mating types in Euplotes eurystomus. J. Protozool. 6, 75–83 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Katashima, R.: Breeding system of Euplotes patella in Japan. Japan J. Zool. 13, 39–61 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, R. F.: Mating types in Euplotes. Amer. Naturalist 73, 57–71 (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, R. F.: Physiological genetics of the ciliates. In: Biochemistry and physiology of Protozoa III (S. H. Hutner, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, S.: Microinjection. In: Sonneborn, T. M.: Chap. 12. Methods in Paramecium research. In: Methods in cell physiology IV (D. M. Prescott, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubota, T., Tokoroyama, T., Tsukuda, Y., Koyama, H., Miyake, A.: Isolation and structure determination of Blepharismin, a conjugation initiating gamone in the ciliate Blepharisma. Science 179, 400–402 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larison, L. L., Siegel, R. W.: Illegitimate mating in Paramecium bursaria and the basis for cell union. J. gen. Microbiol. 26, 499–508 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maupas, E.: La rajeunissement karyogamique chez les ciliés. Arch. Zool. exp. gén., Sér. 2, 7, 149–517 (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcdonald, B. B.: The exchange of RNA and proteins during conjugation in Tetrahymena. J. Protozool. 13, 277–285 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. B.: Induction of “pseudoselfing” and meiosis in Paramecium aurelia by formalin killed animals of opposite mating type. J. exp. Zool. 105, 115–139 (1947)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. B.: The nature and mode of action of the mating type substances. Amer. Naturalist 82, 85–95 (1948)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. B.: Mating substances and the physiology of fertilization in ciliates. In: Sex in microorganisms (D. H. Wenrich, ed.). Washington, D. C.: Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. B., Foley, M. T.: Fertilization studies on Paramecium aurelia: an experimental analysis of a non-conjugating stock. J. exp. Zool. 112, 505–528 (1949)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Physiological analysis of the life cycle of the Protozoa. III. Artificial induction of selfing conjugation by chemical agents in Paramecium caudatum. Physiol, and Ecol. 7, 14–23 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Induction of conjugation by chemical agents in Paramecium caudatum. J. Inst. Polytech. Osaka City Univ. (Biol.) 9, 251–296 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Induction of conjugation by cell-free preparations in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Science 146, 1583–1585 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Local disappearance of cilia before the formation of holdfast union in conjugation of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. J. Protozool. 13 (suppl.) 28 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Induction of conjugation by cell-free fluid in the ciliate Blepharisma. Proc. Japan Acad. 44, 837–841 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Induction of conjugation by chemical agents in Paramecium. J. exp. Zool. 167, 359–380 (1968a)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Chemical induction of nuclear reorganization without conjugating union in Paramecium multimicronucleatum, syngen 2. Proc. XII Intern. Congr. Genet. Tokyo I, 72 (1968b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Artificial induction of autogamy by chemical agents in Paramecium multimicronucleatum, syngen 2. Hasseiseibutsugakushi 22, 62–63 (1968c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Mechanism of initiation of sexual reproduction in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Japan J. Genet. 44 (Suppl.), 388–395 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Chemical induction of conjugation—General account. In: Sonneborn, T. M.: Chap. 12. Methods in Paramecium research. In: Methods in cell physiology IV (D. M. Prescott, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A.: Autogamy—Chemical induction. In: Sonneborn, T. M.: Chap. 12. Methods in Paramecium research. In: Methods in cell physiology IV (D. M. Prescott, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1970a

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A., Beyer, J.: Cell interaction by means of soluble factors (gamones) in conjugation of Blepharisma intermedium. Exp. Cell Res. 76, 15–24 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, A., Nobili, R.: Mating reaction and its daily rhythm in Euplotes crassus. J. Protozool. 21, (1974 in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobili, R.: Mating types and mating type inheritance in Euplotes minuta Yocom (Ciliata, Hypotrichida). J. Protozool. 13, 38–41 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nobili, R.: Ultrastructure of the fusion region of conjugating Euplotes (Ciliata, Hypotrichida). Monit. zool. ital. 1, 73–89 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ototake, Y.: Electronmicroscopy of the cortical structure in Blepharisma intermedium during conjugation. Biol. J. Nara Women Univ. 19, 45–47 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. B.: Induction of competence for mating in Tetrahymena. J. Protozool. 18, 163–165 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Preer, J. R.: A study of some properties of the cytoplasmic factor, “kappa”, in Paramecium aurelia, variety 2. Genetics 33, 349–404 (1948)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preer, J. R.: Genetics of the Protozoa. In: Research in protozoology. III (T. T. Chen, ed.). Oxford-New York: Pergamon 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Raikov, I. B.: The macronucleus of ciliates. In: Research in protozoology. III (T. T. Chen, ed.). Oxford-New York: Pergamon 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Raikov, I. B.: Nuclear phenomena during conjugation and autogamy in ciliates. In: Research in protozoology. IV (T. T. Chen, ed.). Oxford-New York: Pergamon 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki, S., Ito, A., Kitamura, A., Hiwatashi, K.: Mating type specific antigen in Paramecium caudatum. Genetics 71 (suppl.) 55 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, L.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Konjugation von Paramecium. I. Die Auflösung und Neubildung der Zellmembran bei der Konjugation. Protoplasma 56, 109–140 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. W.: Mating types in Oxytricha and the significance of mating type systems in ciliates. Biol. Bull. 110, 352–357 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. W.: Hereditary endosymbiosis in Paramecium bursaria. Expt. Cell Res. 19, 239–252 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. W., Heckmann, K.: Inheritance of autogamy and the killer trait in Euplotes minuta. J. Protozool. 13, 34–38 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Sex, sex inheritance and sex determination in Paramecium aurelia. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 23, 378–385 (1937)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Paramecium aurelia: Mating types and groups; lethal interactions; determination and inheritance. Amer. Naturalist 73, 390–413 (1939)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Evidence for two distinct mechanisms in the mating reaction of Paramecium aurelia. Anat. Rec. 84, 92–93 (1942)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Recent advances in the genetics of Paramecium and Euplotes. Advanc. Genet. 1, 263–358 (1947)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Methods in the general biology and genetics of Paramecium aurelia. J. exp. Zool. 113, 87–148 (1950)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Breeding systems, reproductive methods, and species problems in Protozoa. In: The species problem (E. Mayr, ed.). Washington, D. C.: Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1957

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Kappa and related particles in Paramecium. Advanc. Virus Res. 6, 229–356 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M.: Methods in Paramecium research. In: Methods in cell physiology, IV (D. M. Prescott, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M., Hiwatashi, K.: Disappearance of mating reactivity in Paramecium caudatum upon repeated washing. J. Protozool. 17, 667–670 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vivier, E.: Contribution à l’étude de la conjugaison chez Paramecium caudatum. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. et Biol. Anim. 12, 387–506 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vivier, E.: Demonstration, à l’aide de la microscopie électronique, des échanges cytoplasmiques lors de la conjugaison chez Paramecium caudatum Ehrb. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 156, 1115–1116 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vivier, E., Andre, J.: Donnees Structurales et ultrastructurales nouvelles sur la conjugaison de Paramecium caudatum. J. Protozool. 8, 416–426 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenrich, D. H.: Sex in Protozoa. In: Sex in microorganisms (D. H. Wenrich, ed.). Washington, D. C.: Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Wichterman, R.: The biology of Paramecium. New York-Toronto: The Blakiston Co. 1953

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiese, L.: Gamone. Fortsch. Zool. 13, 119–145 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilfert, M.: Zytologische Untersuchungen an dem Ciliaten Blepharisma americanum Suzuki 1954, Stamm Berlin (Heterotrichida, Spirostomatidae) sowie Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Blepharisma. Arch. Protistenk. 114, 152–230 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Miyake, A. (1974). Cell Interaction in Conjugation of Ciliates. In: Arber, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 64. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65848-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65848-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65850-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65848-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics